At the beginning of a standard item, the standardized objects and involved contents should be demonstrated thoroughly, which is the precondition of establishing a good standard. After the proposal of this standard, a high-level drafting group should be built, led by top specialists who also draft the standard, which is essential to guarantee the quality of the standard. Before drafting the standard, literature regarding this standard should be searched completely, and Directives for Standardization should be learned to understand the basic requirements of establishing a standard; in the meanwhile, selections on standardized contents and quantitative boundaries of technical indices should be comprehensively and deeply studied. At the stage of consultation, focus should be paid on the scope of the consultation departments, level and personnel quality. As for standard review, it should be precise and truth-seeking. At the stage of submitting and authorization, it is necessary to have timely communication. Only by full cooperations of all parties, and by strictly following the procedure, method and rule of standard establishment, can a high-quality acupuncture-moxibustion standard be established.
Acupuncture ; manpower ; organization & administration ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and phosphorylated-extracellular signal regulated kinase (P-ERK) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their correlations with the invasion and metastasis of HCC. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of RKIP and P-ERK in HCC tissues, paracancerous tissues, and normal liver tissues. Statistical analysis was used to determine the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological parameters. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that RKIP-positive staining rate was lower in tumor tissues than that in tumor-surrounding tissues and in normal liver tissues. But P-ERK-positive staining rate was significantly higher in tumor tissues than that in tumor-surrounding tissues and normal liver tissues. The difference was significant. RKIP expression had negative correlation with P-ERK expression (r = - 0.227, P = 0.039); RKIP expression in HCC was associated with intrahepatic or lymphatic metastasis and tumor differentiation (P < 0.05). P-ERK expression in HCC was related with tumor differentiation, tumor thrombosis, and intrahepatic or lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that down-regulation or loss of RKIP expression is closely related with HCC development and progression. The down-regulation or loss of RKIP expression stimulates migration and metastasis of HCC by up-regulating P-ERK expression.

Objective: To obtain the bFGF mimic peptide binding to FGFR via phage display, and to provide the base for developing peptide agonist of bFGF. Methods: Using Balb/c 3T3 cells as the target cells and COS-7 cells as the subtractive panning, the phage display heptapeptide library was biopanned for 4 rounds to obtain the single phage clones. The affinity and the specificity of the clones were assessed by ELISA. DNA sequencing was applied to further analyze the positive clones. Results: Twelve positive clones were selected from the enriched phages. A group of hydrophobic peptides containing a conserved motif, PR, was identified. Conclusion: Two bFGF mimic heptapeptides binding to FGFR were selected, which may be used as the candidates for bFGF agonist.

Objective To observe the effects of malt extract on prolactin expression and morphology of mammary tissue in hyperprolactinemia rats. Methods Metoclopramide hydrochloride was injected subcutaneously to establish hyperprolactinemia model. Sixty rats were divided into normal control group, model control group, bromocriptine group, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose malt extract groups. Except normal control group, hyperprolactinemia model was established in the other groups. Bromocriptine (0. 389 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) was given to bromocriptine group. Malt extract (7. 98, 15. 96 and 31. 92 g·kg-1 ·d-1 ) was administered in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose malt extract groups. Equal volume of purified water was given to normal control group and model control group. After 30 days of administration, PRL positive cell number of rat hypophysis was counted. RT-PCR was used to measure hypophysis PRL mRNA expression, and morphology of mammary tissues was observed by immunohistochemical method. Results PRL positive cell number was (2. 4±0. 3), (21. 7±0. 8), (3. 8± 0. 5), (4. 5±0. 4), (6. 7±0. 5) and (15. 8±1. 2) in normal control group, model control group, bromocriptine group, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose malt extract groups. PRL mRNA expression level was (0. 31±0. 02), (1. 58±0. 06), (0. 45± 0. 04), (0. 49±0. 03), (0. 61±0. 04), and (0. 95±0. 09), respectively. As compared with normal control group, hypophysis PRL positive cell number and PRL mRNA expression level of high-dose and middle-dose malt extract group were increased significantly (P<0. 01), and hyperplasia of mammary glands appeared. As compared with model control group, hypophysis PRL positive cell number and PRL mRNA expression level of high-dose and middle-dose malt extract group was decreased significantly (P<0. 01), and hyperplasia of mammary glands was alleviated obviously. Conclusion Malt extract can effectively treat hyperprolactinemia and inhibit hyperplasia of mammary glands through significantly decreasing the expression of hypophysis prolactin in hyperprolactinemia rats.

OBJECTIVETo establish social stress induced depression-like model in mice of C57BL/6 strain, and to assess its reliability using differenf behavioral methods.

METHODSTotally 20 male mice of C57BL/6 strain were divided into the normal group and the stress model group by random digit table,10 in each group. Another 10 CD1 mice were subjected to social stress. Mice in the normal control group received no stress, while those in the model group received social stress for 10 successive days. Behavioral assessment was performed using social interaction test (SIT), the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, tail suspension test (TST), respectively. Serum cortisol level was detected by ELISA to assess the reliability of the model.

RESULTSIn the social interaction test when the social target (CDI mice) was inexistent, mice in the normal control group spent longer time in the social interaction zone and less time in the corner zone (P < 0.05); mice in the model group spent less time in the social interaction zone and more time in the corner zone (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group when CDI mice existed, mice in the model group spent less time in the social interaction zone and more time in the corner zone (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the total times for entry into open arms, close arms, and the maze were obviously reduced (P < 0.05), and the proportion of entering open arms was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the model group. In TST, the motionless time within the last 4 mm was prolonged in the model group (P < 0.05). The serum cortisol level in the model group was obviously elevated (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSocial stress induced depression-like animal model in mice of C57BL/6 straineasquite reliable and possibly suitable to be used in integrative medicine research of combination of disease and syndrome model.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological

Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; etiology ; therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; surgery ; Rituximab

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different processing methods on antitussive and hepatotoxicity of Dioscorea bulbifera L.. METHODS The raw and processed products of Dioscorea bulbifera L., fried Dioscorea bulbifera L. (FD), wine-fried Dioscorea bulbifera L. (WD), liquorice liquid-fried Dioscorea bulbifera L. (LD) and angelicae liquid-fried Dioscorea bulbifera L. (AD) were administered to mice at a dose of 1.7 g•kg-1 for 7 d. The effects of processing on the cough relief of Dioscorea bulbifera L. were evaluated by the cough test induced by concentrated ammonia water. The detoxification effect and the preliminary mechanism of processing on Dioscorea bulbifera L. were evaluated by the detection and analysis of the relevant indicators. RESULTS: Compared with the RD group, LD and AD group had longer cough latency (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and fewer cough times (P<0.05 or P<0.01), lower levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue (P<0.05 or P < 0.01). ) The levels of serum AST and ALT, liver MDA, T-SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GST were significantly reversed (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of serum AST and ALT, liver MDA, T-SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GST were compared between the two groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the AD group, there were more coughing times in LD group (P<0.05). Other processed products (FD or WD) had shorter cough latency (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and more cough times (P<0.05 or P<0.01) but had no effects on serum AST and ALT, liver tissue MDA, T-SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx (P>0.05) in mice induced by concentrated ammonia water. The intervention of WD only had significant reversal effect on the low GST level of liver (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The intervention of FD had no significant reversal effect on the low GST level of liver (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Processing with Angelica sinensis and licorice could enhance the antitussive effect of Dioscorea bulbifera L. and reduce its hepatotoxicity. The mechanism of attenuation may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the enhancement of antioxidant level in liver. The antitussive effect of two kinds of processing, stir-fried and wine-fried, is only effective, but no synergistic effect, no toxic effect and no attenuation effect are found.

Objective To explore the application of contrast-enhanced scoring system in the diagnosis of breast tumor.Methods 249 patients with 260 lesions were examined by elastography and contrastenhanced ultrasound before surgery.All the lesions were scored according to the two different methods.Pathological results were made the golden criteria.The diagnosis accuracy of the two methods were compared.Results There were 145 benign and 115 malignant tumors.The diagnosis accuracy,specificity and sensibility of elastography were 85.0％,88.3％,80.1 ％ respectively.The critical value of contrastenhanced ultrasound was between 3 and 4.The diagnosis accuracy,specificity and sensibility of contrastenhanced ultrasound were 88.9％,87.6％,90.4％ respectively.Area under ROC curve of the two methods were 0.901 and 0.910,the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound 5-point scoring system was an initial quantitative criterion for breast tumor diagnosis.The diagnosis accuracy was parallel to that of elastography.

Objective To explore the images and diagnostic evaluation of X-ray combined with ultrasound in paralytic intestinal obstruction caused by antipsychotic agents. Methods The data of X-ray and ultrasound of 124 cases of clinically diagnosed paralytic intestinal obstruction caused by antipsychotic agents were analyzed retrospectively, as well as their rates of confirmed diagnosis. All the 124 patients were examined by erect abdominal radiography and fluoroscopy,68 of the 124 patients by ultrasound. Results According to their typical images,the rate of X-ray confirmed diagnosis was 87.9%(109/124) with 15 missed diagnosis and the rate of missed diagnosis was 12.1%( 15/124);the rate of ultrasound confirmed diagnosis was 82.4%(56/68) with 12 missed diagnosis and the rate of missed diagnosis was 17.6%(12/68). There was no significant difference between X-ray and ultrasound (P＞ 0.05 ). Compared with X-ray or ultrasound ,X-ray combined with ultrasound in the diagnosis of paralytic intestinal obstruction could increase the rate of confirmed diagnosis (100.0% ,68/68),and decrease the rate of missed diagnosis (0),the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions X-ray examination is the first choice to diagnose paralytic intestinal obstruction caused by antipsychotic agents,but ultrasound has the advantage of finding fluid in abdominal cavity. To reduce missed diagnosis, X-ray should be combined with ultrasound.