Aged ; Humans ; Lung ; surgery ; Male ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; X-Rays

The plaque-forming characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses of chickens and geese source were compared on various cells. The result showed that there were obvious differences of plaque formation between F48E9 and NA-1 on Vero cells, chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) and goose embryo fibroblast cells (GEF). The plaque-forming ability of NA-1 was higher than F48E9 on GEF, but lower than F48E9 on CEF. On Vero cells, the plaque-forming ability of NA-1 was slightly stronger than F48E9. It demonstrated that the plaque-forming characteristics were consistent with host tropism of virus. The morphogenesis of F48E9 and NA-1 on Vero cells was observed with transmission electron microscope. There were different replication processes between F48E9 and NA-1 on cells at different stages. NA-1 had stronger adaptability to host than F48E9 according to budding processes and envelope integrity.
Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Geese ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Newcastle Disease ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Vero Cells ; Viral Plaque Assay

Objective To systematically review the effects of intracoronary microcatheter agents in the treatment of patients with no-refl ow phenomenon. Methods Databases including Medline, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched electronically f rom inception to April 2017 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about intracoronary agents for no-reflow phenomenon. Two reviewers independently screened literatures, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the studies included. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 8 RCTs involving 424 patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the microcatheter group had significantly better TIMI flow grade[RR=0.38,95%CI(0.27,0.52), P<0.000 01],TIMI myocardial perf usion grade[RR=0.35,95%CI(0.23,0.55),P<0.000 01],corrected TIMI f rame count[MD=-9.99,95%CI(-13.22,-6.76)P<0.000 01]and hypotension[RR=0.57,95%CI(0.35, 0.90),P=0.02] than those of the guiding catheter group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in short period major adverse cardiovascular events and left ventricular ejection fraction.Conclusions Current evidence shows that intracoronary microcatheter agents could improve blood flow in patients with no-reflow phenomenon and has good safety. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion still needs to be verified by carrying out more high-quality RCTs.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate emergency prophylactic effects of the avian influenza virus immunized serum on experimentally infected mice.

METHODSSerum HI antibody titers of 30 mice were detected at day 1 to 19 after being inoculated with 0.2 ml immune serum to estimate half life of immune serum. Ten mice clinical symptom was recorded to estimate the serum security after mice injected 1.5 ml immune serum. Seventy mice were randomly divided into 7 groups according to random number table and inoculated with 0.2 ml, 0.1 ml and 0.05 ml immune serum respectively via intraperitoneal injection on day 8, 4 and 1 prior to challenged with 10 LD(50) influenza virus intranasal. Mice were observed continually for 14 days to calculate the morbidity, mortality, average survival days and compare the lung index and viral titers in lung.

RESULTSSerum HI antibody titers of mice which inoculated with 0.2 ml immune serum maintained 2(6) in 15 days after injection, but drawdown after day 17, the mice injected 1.5 ml immune serum were all alive and none onset. The survival rate of mice which injected 0.2 ml serum on the day 8, 4, 1 before challenge was 80%, 100% and 100%, and the average survival period was 13.1 days, 14.0 days and 14.0 days respectively. The survival rate of mice which injected 0.1 ml and 0.05 ml serum on day 1 before challenge was 100% and 50%, and the average survival days were 14.0 days and 11.7 days respectively. The mice lung index of experimental groups (0.0096 +/- 0.0033 - 0.0145 +/- 0.0060) was smaller than that of viral control group (0.0199 +/- 0.0025), with a statistical significance (P value 0.0022 - 0.0470, < 0.05). The viral titers in lung were significantly decreased by 2 titer as compared to the viral controls.

CONCLUSIONThe avian influenza virus immunized serum might contain the emergency prophylactic effects and could be developed as an agent for possible human-avian influenza pandemic.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Immunization ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; immunology

Two giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) died of unknown causes in a Chinese zoo. The clinical disease profile suggested that the pandas may have suffered a viral infection. Therefore, a series of detection including virus isolation, electron microscopy, cytobiological assay, serum neutralization and RT-PCR were used to identify the virus. It was determined that the isolated virus was a canine coronavirus (CCV), on the basis of coronavirus, neutralization by canine anti-CCV serum, and 84.3% to 100% amino acid sequence similarity with CCV. The results suggest that the affected pandas had been infected with CCV.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animal Diseases/*virology ; Animals ; Animals, Zoo/*virology ; Coronaviridae Infections/*veterinary/virology ; Coronavirus, Canine/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Ursidae/*virology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry

Objective To explore the relationship between the severity of frailty and muscle mass/function in older people,and to determine whether and/or how the results would be influenced by the assessment method for frailty.Methods A total of 106 older adults aged 63-95 years were recruited from individuals undergoing regular health examinations at the Outpatient Department of Beijing Hospital.The characteristics of participants were collected through a questionnaire and subsequently evaluated.Frailty was assessed by both the Fried phenotype and an index of accumulated deficits (FI).Sarcopenia was identified based on the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS).Average skeletal muscle mass,appendicular skeletal muscle mass and the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Furthermore,grip strength,the 4 m walking test,the timed up and go test (TUGT),the five times sit to stand test (FTSST),and the balance test were performed to investigate the physical performance.Results There were 15 (14.2％) frail and 65 (61.3％) pre-frail cases in this group.Poor grip strength 59 (55.7％) and slow gait speed 33 (31.1％) were more prevalent in frail older people.Meanwhile,when the phenotypic definition of frailty was used,muscle mass and ASMI decreased as the severity of frailty increased (F=6.579,3.969,4.507,respectively;all P＜0.05).Frail older people had significantly slower gait speed and poorer grip strength than those who were not frail (F=23.897,4.583,respectively;both P＜0.05).Moreover,frail older people were more likely to be sarcopenia (53.5％) than those who were pre frail (30.8％) or not frail (3.8％).Participants with frailty performed worse on FTSST,TUGT and the balance test (all P＜0.05) and had markedly lower levels of FI (0.15±0.04,0.18±0.06,and 0.28±0.09,respectively;F=21.764,P＜0.05) than those in the pre-frail and non-frail groups.Appendicular skeletal muscle mass,skeletal muscle mass,grip strength and walking speed were negatively correlated with FI (r =-0.256,-0.321,-0.343,-0.374,respectively;all P＜0.05) while ASMI showed no statistical correlation with FI (P＞0.05).Conclusions Poor grip strength and slow gait speed are very common in frail older people.There is a close correlation between muscle mass/function and frailty.The degree of association of frailty severity with physical performance remains largely unchanged regardless of what assessment method is used.

BACKGROUNDTransient sublethal ischemia is known as ischemic preconditioning, which enables cells and tissues to survive subsequent prolonged lethal ischemic injury. Ischemic preconditioning exerts neuroprotection through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Cbl-b belongs to the Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family, and it can regulate the cell signal transduction.The roles of ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and PI3K/Akt pathway and the relationship between them in oxygen-glucose deprivation preconditioning (OGDPC) in PC12 cells were investigated in the present study.

METHODSOxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model in PC12 cells was used in the present study. The 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258, and Western blotting were applied to explore the roles of Cbl-b and PI3K/Akt pathway and the relationship between them in OGDPC in PC12 cells.

RESULTSCell viability was significantly changed by OGD and OGDPC. OGD significantly decreased cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and preconditioning could rescue this damage was demonstrated by the increase of cell viability (P < 0.05). The expression of Cbl-b was significantly increased after OGD treatment. However, the activation of Akt and GSK3β was greatly inhibited. Preconditioning could inhibit the increase of Cbl-b caused by OGD and increase the activation of Akt and GSK3β. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, could effectively inhibit the increase of Akt and GSK3β after preconditioning treatment. It partly inhibited the decrease of Cbl-b expression after preconditioning treatment.

CONCLUSIONUbiquitin ligase Cbl-b and PI3K/Akt pathway are differently involved in OGDPC in PC12 cells.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Survival ; Glucose ; deficiency ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo construct the recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) coexpressing HIV-1 gag-gp120 and hIL-6.

METHODSThe recombinant expressing plasmid pUTA-GE-IL6 was successfully constructed by inserting gag-gp120 gene and hIL-6 gene into the downstream of the combined promoter ATI-p7.5 and p7.5 tandem promoter respectively. After transfecting the plasmid into chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells preinfected with FPV 282E4 strain and selecting the recombinant virus under the pressure of BUdR. The recombinant virus was analyzed by nucleic acid probe hybridization and immunoblotting. In addition, the formation of virus-like particle and the expression of interested proteins in the recombinant virus-infected p815 cells were observed, and the immunogenicity of the recombinant virus was also analyzed.

RESULTSThere was colorable dot for the positive recombinant virus, immunoblotting analysis showed that the recombinant virus could expressed both gag-gp120 and IL-6. Virus-like particles (VLP) were formed in virus-infected cells, and the interested proteins could be expressed in mammalian cells infected by the recombinant virus. The immunity index from the immunized mice showed that the recombinant virus had good immunogenicity.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing gag-gp120 and IL-6 was successfully constructed, which may provide basis for the preparation of live vector genetic engineering vaccine and macromolecule particle vaccine against HIV-1.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Fowlpox ; blood ; immunology ; virology ; Fowlpox virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Gene Products, gag ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; genetics ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunization ; methods ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism

In this study, the HPAIV A/Tiger/Harbin/01/2002 (H5N1) used was originated from tigers and propagated in SPF embryonated hen eggs. TCID5, of the virus was 10(-7.36)/0. 05mL on MDCK cell. The cats were inoculated through bronchus route and then, the cats of dead and control were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination. Meanwhile, the emulsion supernatant fluid of organs and the pharyngeal swab samples of the dead cats were collected for RT-PCR, survived cats and the control cats were tested for the presence of HI antibody by standard method. The results indicated that the damage of lungs from the dead cats were most obvious, the wide range of red consolidation focus emerged on the lobus pulmonis, the fused focus of infection caused injury of lungs. Histology under the microscope revealed diffuse alveolar damage, confluence phlegmasia pathology, infiltration of lymphomonocytes, sackful of infiltration of macrophages and manipulus protein-like effusion in the alveolar. By immunohistochemistry, the positively stained virus particles were found on the epithelial cells of bronchus and alveolus, and also in the endochylema of lymphomonocytes. The specific electophoretic band of 464bp amplified by RT-PCR from samples of pharyngeal swabs, lungs, kidneys, hearts and brains was as same as the theory value. HI antibody titers of the survived cat were 1:32.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Cat Diseases ; pathology ; Cats ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Immunohistochemistry ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; pathology ; veterinary ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tigers ; virology

Objective To investigate the efficacy of continuous blood purification (CBP) in treatment of acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) in children,and the methods as well as the key points in nursing care.Methods There were 97 cases of ARDS,and 18 cases were treated with CBP.The model for CBP was continuous veno-venous hemofiltration dialysis (CVVHDF) or high volume hemofiltration (HVHF).The observational index included arterial partial pressure of oxygen [pa(O2)],arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [Pa(CO2)],mechanical ventilation parameters,complications and side reaction during CBP.Results The pediatric critical illness score in CBP treatment group and non-CBP treatment group were (62.5 ± 25.2) and (78.1 ± 16.3) respectively,and the difference between the 2 groups was significant (P ＜ 0.05) ; the median of pediatric risk of score mortality Ⅲ score in CBP treatment group and non-CBP treatment group were 16(10-20) and 12(7-14),and the difference was significant between the 2 groups (all P ＜0.05).The average duration of CBP in 18 cases was 58 hours(12-232 hours),death occurred in 5 cases,and 2 cases of them were due to giving up treatment,the mortality was 27.8％ ;while in non-CBP treatment group,21 cases occurred death and the mortality was 26.6％.The difference of mortality between the 2 groups was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Pa (O2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were improved after 2-6 hours CBP,and the pulmonary exudation alleviated after 2 hours treatment.Mechanical ventilation parameters including FiO2,peak inspiratory pressure and positive end expiratory pressure were reduced.The complications related with CBP treatment included aggravating anemia,thrombopenia,lower body temperature,hemorrhage,oliguria,thick sputum,pain and dysphoria.No serious lethal complication was observed.Conclusions CBP treatment is a safe and effective rescue method for ARDS in children,it can reduce pulmonary edema,improve pa (O2)/FiO2 and Cdyn,and improve mechanical ventilation parameters.During CBP therapy,the key points include monitoring vital sign and the changes of hemodynamic,keeping body position nursing care well,tranquilizing,as well as maintaining the pipe unobstructed.