OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical components of Swertia nervosa. METHODS:Silica gel column chromatogra-phy was used for purification and analysis of compounds’structure based on physicochemical properties and spectral data. RE-SULTS:Five compounds were isolated and identified in petroleum ether portion of S. nervosa,involving 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trime-thoxyxanthone (1),1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (2),1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone(3),1-hydroxy-3,5-dime-thoxyxanthone(4)and β-sitosterol(5). CONCLUSIONS:Compound 1,3 and 4 are isolated from S. nervosa for the first time,and the study has laid a foundation for the quality evaluation of S. nervosa.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of video-electroencephalogram(VEEG) in the diagnosis of paroxysmal events in children.Methods The VEEG and routine electroencephalogram(EEG) were used to inspect 262 cases of seizures respectively collected of outpatient clinic and admission department from Apr.2006 to Dec.2007,and VEEG monitoring results were analyzed and compared with primary diagnoses retrospectively.According to the characteristics of EEG and clinical observation to decide whether it be epilepsy or not and compare the difference between the results of EEG and VEEG to evaluate the application value of the 2 examination methods in children with NES.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Of all 262 cases,113 cases of clinical outbreak were recorded,meanwhile the diagnose of 4 patients of epileptic seizures(ES) group were changed to non-epileptic seizures(NES) and 3 patients of NES were rediagnosed to ES,69 cases couldn′t be confirmed according to VEEG or EEG and there was no outbreak recorded in the other 149 cases.In the period onset,79 children′s characteristics of EEG were captured which included 76 children in ES group,and 3 children in NES group.Thirty-six children′s characteristics of EEG were not captured which included 4 children in ES group and 30 children in NES group.The differences of the ratio of total detect and abnormity between EEG and VEEG were significant,improving the diagniosis rate and the control rate of symptom.VEEG had a clinical significance in differential diagnosis of ES and NES.Conclusions Compared with EEG,VEEG will be more helpful in diagnosing and differentiating seizures diseases,improving the diagnosis rate and the control rate of symptom.VEEG has a clinical in diffe-rential diagnosis for ES and NES.

OBJECTIVETo observe morphological changes of enteric nervous system (ENS)-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) structure injury in deep muscle nerve plexus offunctional dyspepsia (FD) rats, and the repair of Shuwei Decoction (SD) on it, and to explore its effecton FD.

METHODSTotally 72 rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the lowdose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group, the Mosapride group, 12 ineach group. Rats in the low dose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group were intragastrically fed with SD at 0.767, 1.534, 3.068 g/mL, respectively. Rats in the Mosapride group were intragastrically fed with Mosapride (1.37 mg/kg). FD rat model with Gan depression Pi deficiency syndrome (GDPDS) was established using complex pathogenic factors. Corresponding liquors were respectively administered to rats in corresponding groups from the 3rd day after modeling. Distilled water(10 mL/kg) was administered to rats in the control group and the model group, once per day for 14 successive days. Rats were sacrificed and small intestine tissues collected for observing ENS-ICC-SMC structure injury using immunofluorescence double labeling, laser scanning confocal microscope, and transmission electron microscope at day 15. Repair of SD on it was also observed.

RESULTSENS-ICC SMC structure was incomplete, with obvious injury in mutual link of ICC, ICC, SMC, and connecting structure. ENS-ICC-SMC structure was more complete in high, medium, and low dose SD groups, with close link of ICC and SMO. Their connecting structures were in good conditions.

CONCLUSIONSD could keep the integrity of ENS-ICC-SMC structure by promoting regeneration and morphology of ICC, thereby, improving gastrointestinal movement disorder and showing therapeutic effect on FD.

Animals ; Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; Enteric Nervous System ; drug effects ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; drug effects ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects and action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on rats with transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

METHODSA total of 144 healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (group S), an ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R) and an EA pretreatment group (group EA), 48 rats in each one. The model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was established by using 4-vessel occlusion method in the group I/R; after 5 min of cerebral ischemia, the reperfusion was performed. The group EA was treated with EA at "Dazhui" (GV 14) and "Baihui" (GV 20) 5 days before model establishment, 30 min per time, once a day. In group S, bilateral foramen alares were exposed without burning on the vertebral arteries, and bilateral common carotid arteries were unfolded and not occluded. The rats in the group I/R and group EA were sacrificed 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after reperfusion and those in the group S were sacrificed at corresponding time to collect hippocampus example. The Western-blot method was used to measure the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP 78), and HE staining method was used to count the number of surviving neurons, and TUNEL method was used to measure the number of apoptotic neurons.

RESULTSCompare with the group S, the number of surviving neurons in hippocampus was reduced at each reperfusion time point and the number of apoptotic neurons was increased (all P<0.05) in the group I/R and the group EA; the expression of GRP 78 at each reperfusion time point in group I/R and group EA was increased (P<0.05). Compared with the group I/R, the number of surviving neurons in hippocampus was increased at each reperfusion time point and the number of apoptotic neurons was reduced in the group EA (P<0.05); the expression of GRP 78 at each reperfusion time point was further increased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture pretreatment has obvious cerebral protection on rats with ischemia/reperfusion, which is related with further increasing the expression of GRP 78 in ischemia area, leading to relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; genetics ; metabolism ; surgery ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion

Objective To study the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 2(MIP-2) and the interfering effects of naloxone in the brain edema caused by lioposacchride (LPS)in rats.Methods Eithty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal saline group(NS group,n=28) 0.2 mL normal saline was injected by carotid into each rat;LPS group(n=28) with 200 ?g LPS;naloxone interfering group(NAL group,n=28)1 mg/kg naloxone was intraperitoneally injected at 10 min,1,2,6,12 h and following LPS injected 2 h before decapitation.The content of MIP-2 and even blue(EB) in brain tissue were detected at different time point.The brain water content was measured by drying method.Results The content of water and EB in LPS group were significan higher than those in NS group(P

Objective To investigate the influence of Ethyl pyruvate(EP) on the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in brain injury of infant rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its significance.Methods Two hundred and forty normal healthy 1-month-old Spragne-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:9 g/L sodium chloride (NS) group(n=80),LPS group (n=80),and EP group (n=80).LPS (1 mg/kg) was injected via internal carotid.In EP group,after injecting LPS,each rat was immediately administrated 4 mL EP(40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally; in control group,4 mL Ringer's solution was given instead of EP.Rats were decapitated at 6,12,24,48 and 72 h following drug injection.The evan's blue (EB) content of brain tissues was meteraged by the formamide methods.Immunohistochemistry technology was used to detect the expression of HMGB1,neuron specific enolase(NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) protein,and reverse transcribe polymerase chain reaction technology was applied to study the expression level of HMGB1 mRNA in brain tissue.Meanwhile,the pathological changes of brain tissues were observed under the light microscope.Results Six hours after LPS was given,brain EB content,the levels of NSE,GFAP protein started to rise,reaching the peak at 24 h,and still higher than those in control group at 48 h and 72 h.The expression pattern of HMGB1 protein and mRNA in brain tissue was consistent with the severity of brain injury,increased at 6 h after LPS was given and reached the peak at 24 h,still higher than those in control group at 48 h and 72 h.Positive correlation was found among HMGB1 protein,HMGB1 mRNA and EB content,NSE protein,GFAP protein,respectively.In EP group,the levels of HMGB1 protein and mRNA,the levels of brain EB content,NSE,GFAP protein were found,positive correlation was still gotten between HMGB1 protein,EB content and NSE,GFAP protein,HMGB1 mRNA in LPS group and EP group.Conclusion EP has neuroprotective effect on brain injury induced by LPS,which may be relevant to decreasing of the expression of HMGB1 and suppressing inflammation action.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of slight and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)with large doses of cemilton by urodynamie test.Methods A systematic review of using large doses of cernihon only for 80 patients with BPH with 7 grade ＜ International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)≤20 grade.All cases with cemilton had been administered in a dosage of 750 mg,three times a day for one year.All were respectively given IPSS,postvoiding residual urine(PVR),maximum flow rate(Qmax)and pressure-flow(A-G)test in order to assess the effectiveness at pre-treatment and 3,6,12 months after treatment.Results All patients had followed up for(1.2±1.6)years,additionally 26 of those were removed and others had received complete follow-up.Before the treatment IPSS was(20.5±4.5)grade,PVR was(42.5±8.2)ml,Qmax was(10.2±2.3)ml/s,A-G was 56.5±12.8,PQmax was (54.8±13.7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa),and 12 months later,IPSS was(11.0±3.3)grade,PVR was (15.9±7.4)ml,Qmax was(15.7±2.5)ml/s,A-G was 49.2±13.6,PQmax was(43.6±14.9)mm Hg.There were significantly difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment data of the urodynamics(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The effectiveness of the treatment of slight and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia with large doses of cemihon are relatively satisfactory.Main post-treatment urodynamic parameters obviously improves than that of the pre-treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of high risk benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (TR-HIFU) by urodynamic test. Methods One hundred and thirty patients with BPH, most of who suffering with diabetes mellitus,cardio-cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease. All patients were given the operation with Sonablate-500 high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). International prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post void residual urine volume (PVR), pressure-flow tests (A-G) were employed for the evaluation of curatives effect on preoperation, 30th and 90th day after the treatment. Results The duration of the TR-HIFU prostate ablation treatment was 15-85 rain. One hundred and seven patients after treatment were followed up for 3 months. Compared the effect before treatment with that after treatment, IPSS improved from (27.0 ±11.5) scores to (8.5±1.4) scores, Qmax increased from (5.7±2.3) ml/s to (14.1±4.2) ml/s, PVR decreased from (118.5±78.0) ml to (30.0±15.0) mI,A-G parameters reduced from 62.4±19.3 to 25.6±13.0 and urine volume (VV) increased from (85.8 + 42.0) ml to (194.0±52.0) ml. The parameters all altered obviously (P < 0.05). Conclusions TR-HIFU appears highly attractive as a new optional, safe and efficacious and minimally invasive treatment for the high risk BPH. Main post-operative urodynamie parameters are more obviously improved than those of the preoperation.

AIMTo investigate the expression and distribution of the members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel members of TRP melastatin (TRPM) and TRP vanilloid (TRPV) subfamilies in rat prostatic tissue.

METHODSProstate tissue was obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to check the expression of all TRPM and TRPV channel members with specific primers. Immunohistochemistry staining for TRPM8 and TRPV1 were also performed in rat tissues.

RESULTSTRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV2 and TRPV4 mRNA were detected in all rat prostatic tissues. Very weak signals for TRPM1, TRPV1 and TRPV3 were also detected. The mRNA of TRPM5, TRPV5 and TRPV6 were not detected in all RT-PCR experiments. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM8, TRPV2 and TRPV4 were the most abundantly expressed TRPM and TRPV subtypes, respectively. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry indicated that TRPM8 and TRPV1 are highly expressed in both epithelial and smooth muscle cells.

CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that mRNA or protein for TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4 exist in rat prostatic tissue. The data presented here assists in elucidating the physiological function of TRPM and TRPV channels.

Animals ; Clusterin ; genetics ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Prostate ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; TRPV Cation Channels ; genetics ; physiology

Growth factors have a universal bioactivity. Gene therapy is a new strategy in dealing with erectile dysfunction (ED). This paper presents an overview on the value of growth factors, particularly the vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), in the treatment of ED.
Animals ; Erectile Dysfunction ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; genetics ; Male ; Rats ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics