Objective To obtain the CT image 3 D reconstruction of head and neck region of the first Chinese visible human. Methods The CT data of head and neck region of the first Chinese visible human were processed with Siemens 3 D Virtuoso VA(R2.6) software in SGI Graphics Computer Workstation. The 3 D reconstruction of head and neck surface and skeletal structure were carried out and studied. Results The face and neck were well reconstructed. The nose, lips, ears and chin could be clearly shown. The skeletal structures in the head and neck region were fairly reconstructed and displayed very well and even the fine structures in skull base such as foraman ovale and foramen spinosum could be seen. Many anatomic structures such as pituitary gland, brain stem, cervical marrow, sphenoid sinus, nasopharynx could be displayed in detail on the 3 D reconstruction section. Conclusion This study has realized the CT image 3 D reconstruction and visualization of head and neck region of the first Chinese visible human and provided morphologic data for further studies of 3 D structures, comparative studies of anatomy and imaging of the head and neck.

Objective To study the method of using phantom test for daily quality assurance of on board image(OBI) system. Methods The routine procedures of radiotherapy, including CT simulation, planning,setup,cone beam CT(CBCT) scan and kilovolt X-ray orthogonal film were carried out on a head phantom. The procedures repeated once a day in the following 10 days. The geometric errors of the phantom were recorded. Results The geometric errors of the phantom by CBCT were [0.06±0.11] cm, [0.03±0.05] cm, [0.07±0.07] cm and [0.03±0.10] cm in longitudinal, vertical, lateral and rotation directions, respectively. The geometric errors of the phantom by kilovolt X-ray orthogonal film were [ 0.04±0.10] cm, [0.03±0.05] cm, [0.08±0.06] cm and [0.05±0.05] cm, respectively. The differences of geometric errors of the phantom by CBCT and kilovolt X-ray orthogonal film were not significant(t = 0.44,P=0.667 in longitudinal direction ; t=0.00, P=1.060 in vertical direction ; t=0.34, P=0.735 in lateral direction; t=0.58,P=0.568 in rotation direction). Conclusions The OBI system of our accelerator is reliable and at excellent performance status. The method by using phantom test for the daily quality assurance of OBI system is easy and reliable.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reaction of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with chemotherapy of paclitaxel in treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer in the elderly.Methods The 50 patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=26,radiation combined with chemotherapy) and control group (n= 24,simple radiation).In the early stage,both groups received common two-dimesional conformal radiation therapy.The total dose (DT) of whole brain irradiation was 30-40 Gy.In the later stage,the reduced field for the local lesion of brain metastases would be altered to 3D-CRT for the post period with 2 Gy 5 times a week.DT was added from 10-24 Gy up to total DT of 50-64 Gy.The patients were given paclitaxel 65-85 mg/m2 by intravenous drip at 1st and 8th day with synchronization of 2-4 weeks,having paclitaxel chemotherapy of 2-4 circle,28 days a circle.After 2 month treatment,the efficacy and adverse effects of the two groups were observed.follow up for 2 years,the long-term efficacy and survival rate were evaluated.Results The effective rate was 76.9% in observation group and 45.8% in control group,respectively (x2 =5.120,P＜0.05) and the KPS score was 80.8% and 54.2%,respectively.The quality of life was improved in observation group versus control group (x2 =4.059,P＜0.05).Compared with control group,hypoleukemia was significant in observation group (P＜0.05).The complications such as nausea and vomiting,hepatic dysfunction were more in observation group than in control group,but there was no statistical significance between two groups.There was statistic ally significant difference in 2-year survival rate between two groups (x2= 4.7260,P＜0.05).Conclusions The 3D-CRT combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy is a prefered choice for locally advanced brain metastases from breast cancer.More side effects and adverse reaction are observed in observation group.However,all the patients could tolerate them.It is worthy of popularization and application.

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex hormone levels in type 2 diabetes and to explore the correlation of SHBG with blood glucose, BMI, insulin sensitivity and the intervention of pioglitazone.

METHODSEighty-five cases with type 2 diabetes (38 women) and 59 normal controls (27 women) were recruited randomly in the study. Among all patients 48 underwent pioglitazone intervention. All women were postmenopausal. Fasting serum samples were taken separately. SHBG were measured with IRMA, and estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), fasting insulin (FINS ) were detected with RIA. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids,BMI, HOMA-IS were measured and calculated as well. LN [1/ (FBG x FINS)] was used as insulin sensitivity index (ISI).

RESULTPatient groups had lower serum SHBG levels than control groups of both sexes (women, P<0.01; men, P<0.05). T/SHBG are higher in women patient group compared with control (P<0.01). Spearman analysis showed that in women patient group,serum SHBG was correlated with FBG, FINS and ISI (r(s)=-0.372 P<0.05; 0.332 P<0.05; 0.445 P<0.01). While in men patient group,BMI was negatively correlated with serum SHBG and total T (r(s)= 0.329 P<0.05 and-0.424 P<0.01). Significant improvements of blood glucose and lipids were demonstrated in patients after 12-week pioglitazone intervention compared with baseline values, while serum SHBG, sex hormones and ISI had not significantly changed.

CONCLUSIONReduced serum SHBG of patients with type 2 diabetes might be related to insulin resistance to some extent.

Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; analysis ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo construct a lentiviral vector of repressor element-1/neuron-restrictive silencer element (RE-1/NRSE) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).

METHODSThe RE-1/NRSE cDNA containing both sense and antisense oligo DNA fragments of the targeting sequence was synthesized and cloned into the pGC-LV vector. The obtained lentiviral vector containing RE-1/NRSE dsRNA was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. A total of 293T cells were cotransfected with lentiviral vector of L-smNRSE/RE-1, pHelper 1.0, and pHelper 2.0. The titer of virus was measured based on the expression level of green fluorescent protein. The transfection efficiency of green fluorescent protein into rat mesenchymal stem cells was calculated.

RESULTSPCR and DNA sequencing demonstrated that the constructed lentivirus vector of L-smNRSE/RE-1 produced RE-1/NRSE dsRNA.The titer of the concentrated virus was 4x108 TU/m1. The virus was stably transfected into rat mesenchymal stem cells, and the infection efficiency reached 100% when the multiplicity of infection was 80.

CONCLUSIONThe lentivirus vector of RE-1/NRSE dsRNA is successfully constructed.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Genetic Vectors ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Plasmids ; genetics ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; genetics ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; Silencer Elements, Transcriptional ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To study effects of fluid resuscitation on thoracoabdominal injury combined with hemorrhagic traumatic shock.Method A total of 98 patients,who were treated in Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from November 2004 to December 2006,were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were diagnozed according to Surgery(fifth edition).Patients were divided into delayed fluid resuscitation group(n= 51)and immediate fluid resuscitation group(n=47).Patients in delayed fluid resuscitation group were given with balanced salt solution for the body to maintain basic requirements.Patients in immediate fluid resuscitation group were rapidly administered with a lot of isotonic crystaUoid and(or)colloid solution after admission. Hemoglobin,platelet count,hematocrit,blood lactic acid,basedeficit,preoperative resuscitation time and mortality were compared between the two groups.Paired t test and variance analysis or x~2 test were used.Results The transfusion fluid volume of delayed group and immediate group was(1586?346)ml,(3520?575)ml, respectively,with P value

Objective To explore parental confidence on immunization and its influential factors and provide scientific basis for immunization management and confidence enhancement strategy in Jinhua. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 865 parents in the district, and the cumulative Logit regression model was used to analyze the influential factors of parental confidence on immunization. Results It was found that 96.41% of the children′s parents believed immunization was necessary, 70.03% believed immunization was safe, 93.51% was willing to be vaccinated, and parental confidence on immunization was 90.89%.The sequence of influential factors of confidence was satisfaction of immunization services, cognitive level of immunization knowledge, immunization about route and age obtained through medical staff. Conclusion By strengthening health education and health promotion, improving the cognitive level of parents′ immunization knowledge and elevating the quality of daily immunization service, the parental confidence can be improved effectively in immunization.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the status of complementary feeding frequency (CFF) for infants and young children in southwestern China.

METHODSA total of 3644 infants and young children aged 6 - 24 months from urban and rural areas of Chengdu, Kunming and Guiyang were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from March to June in 2011. Data of CFF in the recent one month were collected through the questionnaires, and assessed quantitatively by a new comprehensive evaluation system. Level and distribution characteristics of CFF for infants and young children among different month groups in urban and rural areas were analyzed.

RESULTSAverage CFF score was 8.1 ± 3.1, and the score for all was 54.1% of total score (15 points). The average score of urban and rural groups was 8.9 ± 3.0 (59.3% of total score) and 7.4 ± 3.0 (49.1% of total score) respectively (t = 15.60, P < 0.05). Ratio of ≥ 80.0% of total CFF score was 12.2% (443/3644) for all. The rate of urban and rural group was 18.0% (324/1796) and 6.4% (119/1848) respectively (χ(2) = 136.64, P < 0.05). Average CFF score in 6 - 8, 9 - 11 and 12 - 24 months groups was 7.0 ± 2.9 (46.4% of total score), 8.1 ± 3.0 (54.1% of total score) and 9.0 ± 3.0 (60.1% of total score) respectively (F = 148.27, P < 0.05). The CFF score increased with months growing.

CONCLUSIONStatus of CFF for infants and young children in southwestern China is generally inadequate, with differences between urban and rural groups. This problem is more serious in early month infants and rural areas and should be emphasized and improved.

China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; statistics & numerical data ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutrition Surveys ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo analyze the change of the neuronal restricted silencing factor (NRSF) gene as well as the NRSF regulation genes in beta-mercaptoethanol induction of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to neurons, and to discuss the function of NRSF in neural induction of the MSCs and the mechanism of the differentiation from MSCs to neurons.

METHODWe used beta-mercaptoethanol, serum-free DMEM, and dimethyl sulfoxide to induce rat MSCs to differentiate to neurons, and then analyzed the changes of the expressions of NRSF gene and NRSF-regulated genes through real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe rat MSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells. The induced neuron marker, neuron-specific enolase, was positive. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of NRSF gene remarkably declined. The expressions of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 3, synaptosomal-associated protein 25, L1 cell adhesion molecular,neuronal pentraxin receptor in the NRSF-regulated genes also increased at varied extents.

CONCLUSIONSThe differentiation from MSCs to neurons is relevant with the decline of NRSF expression and the increase of the expressions of NRSF-regulated genes. The NRSF may be the key gene during the differentiation from MSCs to neurons.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Repressor Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the relationship of CAG repeat length polymorphism in the androgen receptor(AR)gene to the development of acne.Methods A total of 238 patients with ache vulgaris and 207 healthy human controls in Northeast China were included in this study.Genomic DNA was isolated and purified from the blood of these subjects.The CAG repeat lengths in the AR gene were analyzed by somatic microsatellites (STRs).Results A significant difference was found in the CAG repeat number between the male acne Patients(22.70±3.09)and male controls(23.48±2.83,P=0.046),but not between the female cases and controls(23.41±2.87 versus 23.85±0.21.P=0.12).In order to assess the risk associated with CAG repeats,the male and female subjects were dichotomized based on the median repeat length in the corresponding control group as the arbitrary cut-off point.Those men and women with a short CAG repeat length(＜23 in men,and＜24 in women)had a significantly increased risk for agne than those with a long CAG repeat length(men:95%confidence interval,1.21-3.54,OR=2.07,P=0.008;women:95%confidence interval.1.18-3.56,OR=2.05,P=0.01).Conclusions This study strongly indicates that the CAG repeat length in AR gene is associated with the development of acne in Northeast China,and those men with a short CAG repeat length seem to have a high risk for ague.Consequently,CAG repeat length may serve as a genetic susceptibility marker.