Objective To investigate the inhibition of low-dose aprotinin on systematic inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Twenty-eight ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients(male 13, female 15) undergoing valve replacement were studied. The age ranged from 27 to 55 years and body weight from 37 to 70 kg. CPB time ranged from 66 to 218 mm and aortic cross clamping time from 30 to 140 min . The patients were divided into two groups: control group(n=14) and aprotinin group(n = 14) Premedication included intramuscular phenobarbital sodium 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous midazolam 0. lmg/kg, fentanyl 20-30?g/kg and vecuronium 0. 1-0. 12mg/kg, and maintained with intermittent bolus injection of fentanyl and vecuronium supplemented with isoflurane inhalation. In aprotinin group aprotinin 1?106KIU was infused after induction of anesthesia until thoracotomy, after thoracotomy aprotinin was infused at a rate of 2.5? 106 KIU/h and aprotinin 2. 5 ?106KIU was added to the prime fluid as suggested by Levy. Blood samples were obtained before anesthesia, before CPB and 1h and 24h after CPB for determination of CD11b and CD18 expression on the surface of neutrophil by immunofluoresence flow cytometry. Results The expression of CD11b or CD18 and CPB time were positively correlated(?= 0.644, 0.538, P0.05). 1 h after CPB CD11b/ CD18 expression increased significantly in the control group and was significantly higher than that in the aprotinin group, but at 24h after CPB only CD11b expression in control group was significantly higher than that in aprotinin group. In aprotinin group there was no significant difference in CD11b/CD18 expression between the four intervals.Conclusions CPB-induced systematic inflammatory response may be positively correlated with CPB time. Low dose aprotinin can inhibit the increase in CD11b/CD18 expression after CPB.

Objective Pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility in children with bacterial meningitis were reviewed.Methods The positive cultures of cerebrospinal fluid samples or blood samples and its antimicrobial susceptibility were analyzed in 401 patients with the clinical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.Results 401 cases cerebrospinal fluid samples and blood samples submitted to microbiology laboratory, 97 cases (24%) were microscopically and culturally proven to be bacterial meningitis. The most frequent pathogen was staphylococcus aureus (28%), followed by the streptococcus pneumoniae (19%) and escherichia coli (13%). Pediococci as conditioned pathogen, were found in purulent meningitis patients. One of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was simultaneously resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin. Three isolates showed simultaneous resistance to imipenem/cilastatin.Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogens of pediatric ranks first among pediatric patients of purulent meningitis. Serious drug resistance of isolated pathogenic bacteria and its in antimicrobial susceptibility in the bacterial meningitis should be considered in clinical therapy.

Objective To study the ultra-structural features of interstitial cajal cells (ICC)in fetal enteron and then classify them.Methods Ultra-structural features of ICC in fetal enteron with spontaneous abortion or premature birth were detected under JEM-2000EX transmission electron microscope for the cause of fetal death, including two fetus specimens of a gestation 18 months and 28 months stained with lead nitrate and uranium acetate.Results ICC had a big oval karyon and a little of cytoplasm. ICC formed spindle or stellate cells with 2 to 5 long cell processes . From the esophagus to the terminal ileum ICC mostly had the same ultra-structural features, but with mitochondria and a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex in the whole colon and the rectum , more than those of esophagus and small intestine. In the whole colon and rectum ICC had similar ultra-structural features. ICC also possessed an abundance of mitochondria and a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. ICC also possessed Caveloae lipid droplet with more electron dense and heterochromatin. Two types of ICC were identified under JEM-2000EX transmission electron microscope. One type was present from the esophagus to the terminal ileum and the other type was observed in the colon and rectum. The first type ICC in circular muscle layer was bipolar cells which extended to tapering processes in opposite directions. These processes rarely branched, and their appearance was similar to smooth muscle cells.Most of them ran parallel to the circular muscles . The second type of ICC in the myenteric plexus and longitudinal muscle layer was mostly multipolar and rarely bipolar cells with long processes. They showed an irregular appearance characterized by numerous short spike-like branches. Processes of multipolar cells extended in every direction and connected with each other. ICC nerve cells and smooth muscle cells were connected with gap-like junction, which was the main connection mode .Conclusions The ultra-structural features of ICC in fetal enteron varied with the diffe-rent locus and different tissue sheets in the enteron. The mitochondria and a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of the whole colon and rectum are more and more developed than that of esophagus and small intestine. Ultra-structural features of ICC will develop further with the gestational age. The gap- like junction among ICC nerve cell and smooth muscle cell are highly important for ICC to educe function.

Objective To evaluate the correlation of visual acuity measured using two different types of eye chart in children with amblyopia.Methods 119 cases (213 eyes) amblyopia patients were selected,including 40 cases (80 eyes) of refractive amblyopia,41 cases (58 eyes) of anisometropia amblyopia,and 38 cases (75 eyes) of strabismus amblyopia were selected.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were determined using standard visual chart and visual noise dual chart and the correlation between the two visual acuity result were explored using Spearman's correlation analysis.Results The visual acuity in refractive amblyopia,anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia determined by standard visual chart was statistically correlated with that determined by visual noise dual visual acuity chart.Conclusions The visual acuity measured by standard vision chart showed satisfactory linear relationship with that measured by visual acuity chart double among three types of amblyopia,however,the strength of correlation coefficient between different types of amblyopia were different:correlation coefficient in anisometropic amblyopia was the highest,and the coefficient in refractive amblyopia was the lowest.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Danlou Tablet (DT) on inflammatory reaction, and expressions of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), and to analyze potential mechanisms.

METHODSForty male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the Western medicine (WM) group, the low dose DT group, the high dose DT group, 8 in each group. Rats in the normal control group were fed with basic forage for 12 successive weeks, while AS rat model was established in rats of the other four groups by feeding high fat and sugar forage plus intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D₃. Normal saline, atorvastatin calcium suspension (at the daily dose of 1.8 mg/kg), low dose DT suspension (at the daily dose of 450 mg/kg), and high dose DT suspension (at the daily dose of 900 mg/kg) were administered to rats in the model group, the WM group, the low dose DT group, the high dose DT group respectively by gastragavage for 8 successive weeks. The general condition of all rats was observed. Rats were sacrificed after gastric administration and their serum collected. Serum levels of lipids (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and inflammatory factors [IL-6, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)] were detected. Pathological changes of thoracic aorta were observed by HE staining. Protein and gene expressions of LP-PLA2 and sPLA2 in thoracic aorta were measured by Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, rats in the model group were in low spirits and responded poorly. Typical atherosclerotic plaque could be seen in thoracic aorta of rats in the model group. Serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, ox-LDL, LP-PLA2, and sPLA2 significantly increased (P < 0.05); protein and gene expressions of LP-PLA2 and sPLA2 in rat thoracic aorta increased (P < 0.05) in the model group. After 8 weeks of intervention, rats in 3 medication groups appeared active, and HE staining showed subsidence of plaque in rat thoracic aorta. Compared with the model group, serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, ox-LDL, and LP-PLA2 decreased in 3 medication groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); serum sPLA2 level decreased, protein and mRNA expressions of LP-PLA2 and sPLA2 in rat thoracic aorta decreased in the WM group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); protein and mRNA expressions of LP-PLA2 in rat thoracic aorta significantly decreased in the low dose DT group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and those of LP-PLA2 and sPLA2 decreased in the high dose DT group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDT could fight against inflammatory reaction and AS possibly through inhibiting LP-PLA2 expression and reducing ox-LDL production.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; blood ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; pathology ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Chemokine CCL2 ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tablets ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Toll like receptor (TLR) can specifically recgnize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and is considered as an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. It has been shown that TLR plays an important role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of a variety of skin diseases. Moreover, TLR agonists have exhibited promising therapeutic effects on the disease models and are expected to be novel vaccine adjuvants. Investigations of the underlying mechanism will give new insights into these diseases. This review will discuss the relationship between TLR and pathogenesis and management of some cutaneous diseases.
Adaptive Immunity ; Immunity, Innate ; Signal Transduction ; Skin Diseases ; immunology ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective:To study the effects of ascorbic acid on BMP-2 mRNA expression of osteoblast cell sheets.Methods:Rat os-teoblasts were primaryly cultured and identified;osteoblast cell sheets were built by physical scraping method in vitro;the osteoblast cell sheets were cultured with 1 5,50 and 85 mg/L ascorbic acid for 1 and 2 weeks respectively,and the expression of BMP-2 mRNA of the cell sheets was detected by RT-qPCR.Results:The obtained cells were conformed to be osteoblasts.The osteoblast cell sheets could be rolled into tube in vitro.The expression of BMP-2 mRNA of osteoblast cell sheets in experiment group,whether in week one or week two was higher than that in control group,50 mg/L group showed the highest expression(first week P <0.05;second week P>0.05);the expression of any group in week two was higher than that in week one(P <0.05).Conclusion:Ascorbic acid may pro-mote the expression of BMP-2 mRNA in osteoblast cell sheets.

Objective To assess the feasibility of double phase subtraction angiography with second generation (128-slice )dual-source CT in low dose Flash spiral scan mode for the evaluation of cerebral vessel,compared with dual-energy subtraction angiogra-phy.Methods 60 patients underwent double phrase CT angiography were divided into group A (n = 30,with Flash spiral scan mode),group B(n=30,with dual-energy scan mode).The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),the contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)and the av-erage radiation of double phrase subtraction images were measured in two groups,respectively.The double phase subtraction images quality were graded by 2 independent readers on a 5-point scale(5=excellent)in double-blind,according to various degrees of the re-sidual bones,the vessel displayed and luminal integrity,respectively.Differences between two groups were analyzed by Mann-whit-ney test and t test.Results The double phrase image SNR showed no difference to both two groups(P >0.05).The image CNR of arterial and venous phase in group A were higher than that of group B(40.89±8.89 and 40.27 ±9.90 in group A vs 35.28 ±8.43 and 34.89±8.66 in group B;P <0.05)respectively.There were no singnificant difference in the bone removal image scores of doub-le phase and in the vessel image scores of venous phase to both two groups respectively(P >0.05).The vessel image scores of arterial phase were higher in group A than that of group B(4.93±0.25 vs 3.87±0.97;P <0.05).Some internal carotid in the base of skull has not good luminal integrity in group B.The mean dose length product (DLP)in group A was lower than that of group B,with a 39 percent reduction[(226±5.69 )mGy/cm vs (368 ± 21.35 )mGy/cm,P < 0.05 ].Conclusion With the roughly similar image quality to dual-energy double phase subtraction angiography,the cerebral vessels can be assessed using dual-source CT subtraction angiography in Flash spiral scan mode and a lower radiation dose.

Objective:To investigate the role of serum inflammatory cytokines in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: All of enrolled patients were diagnosed by clinical and coronary angiographic features and divided into four groups, the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group, unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group, stable angina pectoris (SAP) group and control group. The values of high-sersitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in serum were measured by cytokine detection equipment system (B10-RAD Biological Technology Co.Ltd, USA) and analysed in four groups with statistics. Results: Compared with SAP and the control groups, the levels of TNF-a and MMP-9 were increased significantly in AMI group(P <0.01). The level of serum hs-CRP was significantly higher in AMI group than that in UAP, SAP and control groups (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the levels of hs-CRP and MMP-9 between UAP, SAP and control groups (P> 0.05). It was found that there was positive relation between hs-CRP, MMP-9 and TNF-a by Pearson correlation analysis. Conclusion:There was obvious relation between coronary heart disease and inflammation. The cytokines characterized by the increases of hs-CRP, TNF-a and MMP-9 were involved in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis and served as markers of unstable plagues.

Cleidocranial Dysplasia ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dwarfism ; Humans ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; Osteosclerosis ; pathology ; Pycnodysostosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Radiography ; Tooth Abnormalities