Objective: To investigate the effect of bufalin in combination with gefitinib on the growth of xenotransplants of lung adenocarcinoma H 1975 cells in nude mice, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: Forty nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenotransplants of lung adenocarcinoma H 1975 cells were randomly divided into four groups (in each group there were 10 nude mice): control group (no treatment), gefitinib-treated group, bufalin-treated group and bufalin in combination with gefitinib-treated group. Each group received corresponding intervention for 3 weeks. Tumor inhibitory rate was calculated. Apoptotic rate was measured by TUNEL staining method. The expression levels of EGFR-PI3K (epidermal growth factor receptor-phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins in xenografts were detected by Western blotting. Results: The tumor inhibitory rates of the control, gefitinib-treated, bufalin-treated and bufalin in combination with gefitinib-treated groups were 0%, 16.14%, 33.48% and 60.39%, respectively. The apoptotic rate of bufalin in combination with gefitinib-treated group was (75.8±3.16)%, which was significantly higher than those of the control group [(13.11 ± 1.60)%], gefitinib-treated group [(15.48±0.43)%] and bufalin-treated group [(45.09±3.81)%] (P < 0.01). The expression levels of phospho-EGFR, phospho-PI3K and phospho-Akt proteins were significantly reduced in group of bufalin in combination with gefitinib (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Bufalin in combination with gefitinib may block the EGFR-PI3K/Akt pathway to reverse the resistance to gefitinib in xenografts of lung adenocarcinoma H 1975 cells in nude mice. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of bacterial infections after liver transplantation and anaIyze the antimi- crobial susceptibility of major pathogens to provide reference for clinical therapy.Methods A retrospective survey was conduc ted in 174 patients who underwent liver transplantation during 2001 and 2004.Identification and susceptibility of pathogens were assayed by Microscan Walkaway 40 Automatic System.Results Infection was identified in 59.8% of the 174 patients after liver transplantation.A total of 218 non-duplicate strains were isolated.Most infections were caused by single pathogen.The infection was frequently identified in respiratory tract,biliary tract,blood stream or intra-abdominal cavity.The top 5 patho- gens were Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Escherichia coli.Gram-negative bacilli were usually resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,but less resistant to piperacillin- tazobactam or imipenem.Most of S.aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant,which were susceptible to vancomyein.Conclu- sions Pathogens of postoperative infections in liver transplantation recipients are mostly multi-drug resistant.The microbiologi- cal surveillance is important for guiding clinical therapy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of CT angiography(CTA)in the diagnosis of arterioportal shunts(APS)associated with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods One hundred and twenty-seven consecutive HCC patients accepted both dynamic enhancement CT and DSA examinations.The interval between CT and DSA exam was from 3 to 15 days.Based on transverse CT images in hepatic artery phase,CTA was performed for all the patients.By contrast with DSA results,the capabilities of transverse CT and transverse images combined with CTA in APS diagnosis were analyzed. Results In all 127 HCC cases,52 cases with APS were confirmed by DSA(40.94%),33 with central type of APS and 19 with peripheral type.Diagnostic sensitivity of APS based on transverse CT and combined CTA with transverse CT images were both 94.23%(49/52).However,specificity was 84.00%(63/75) and 97.33%(73/75),respectively,accuracy was 88.19%(112/127)and 96.06%(122/127),the predictive value of positive cases was 80.33%(49/61)and 96.08%(49/51),and the predictive value of negative cases was 95.45%(63/66)and 96.05%(73/76).Combined with CTA,false positive cases of 4 central type of APS and 6 peripheral type of APS were excluded which were demonstrated by transverse CT images.By contrast with DSA,the coincidence rate of the type of APS diagnosed by transverse images combined with CTA was 88.46%(46/52),including 90.91%(30/33)of central type of APS and 84.21%(16/19)of peripheral type.The supplying arteries of central type of APS were intuitively displayed by CTA in 23 cases,19 from proper hepatic artery and 4 from gastro-duodenal artery.Conclusion CTA techniques based on the dynamic enhancement CT exams could effectively promote the specificity and the accuracy of APS diagnosis.

Objective: To observe the difference of the effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on blood lipids between male and female patients with simple obesity due to damp induced by spleen deficiency. Methods: Eighty patients with simple obesity were recruited, including 37 males and 43 females, to receive low-frequency EA by selecting Yinlingquan (SP 10), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4), with needles retained for 30 min. The treatment was given once a day, 10 sessions as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total. The contents of body fat percentage (F%), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood glucose (Glu) and adiponectin (ADPN) in serum were observed to see the changes, and the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: After the treatment, F%, and serum contents of TC, TG, LDL, Glu and ADPN dropped significantly in the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the serum content of HDL increased significantly in male group (P<0.05). The decrease of F% in female group was more significant than that in male group (P<0.01); the decrease of ADPN in male group was more significant than that in female group (P<0.05). Conclusion: EA can regulate the disordered blood lipids in male and female patients with simple obesity, with certain differences between genders. The decrease of subcutaneous fat content is more significant in females than that in males, while the decrease of ADPN is more significant in males.

Objective: To investigate the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on fatigue in rats with chronic exercise-induced exhaustion. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group and a moxibustion group, 10 rats in each group. Except rats in the blank group, the remaining rats were subjected to create long-term exhaustion models by repeated swimming. After successful modeling, rats in the moxibustion group received mild moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) for 15 min, once every other day with a total of 10 times. Rats in the model group and the blank group did not receive moxibustion. At the end of the treatment, the exhausted times, and the body weight of rats before and after the experiment were compared among groups. The levels of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and urea nitrogen (BUN), as well as the activities of aspartate transarninase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer, 24 h after the exhausting excise. Results: The 10th swimming time was significantly longer in the moxibustion group than that in the model group (P<0.01). The increase rate of the body weight was lower in the rats of the moxibustion group than that in the model group before the 7th and the 10th exhausting excise (P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of serum MDA and BUN, as well as the activities of AST, ALT and LDH in the model group were higher than those in the blank group (all P<0.01). The levels of serum MDA and BUN, as well as the activities of AST, ALT and LDH in the moxibustion group were lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) can decrease the serum levels of MDA and BUN, as well as activities of AST, ALT and LDH in the long-term fatigue rats, thus to improve the symptoms of fatigue.

Objective:To investigate the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on free radical metabolism in rat's hippocampus after different degrees of exhaustive exercise.Methods:A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=8),a model group (n=32) and a moxibustion group (n=32).According to the times of modeling or treatment,the model group was further randomly divided into different subgroups of a 1-time model subgroup,a 4-time model subgroup,a 7-time model subgroup and a 10-time model subgroup (n=8);the moxibustion group was also further randomly divided into different subgroups of a 1-time moxibustion subgroup,a 4-time moxibustion subgroup,a 7-time moxibustion subgroup and a 10-time moxibustion subgroup (n=8).Rats in both model and moxibustion subgroups were subjected to establishing the swimming exhaustive model.Rats in each moxibustion subgroup received mild moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) for 15 min immediately after modeling,once every other day.The concentration of malic dialdehyde (MDA),as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in rat's hippocampus in each group were detected 24 h after the exhaustive exercise.Results:Compared with the 1-time model subgroup,the exhaustive swimming time of rats was significantly prolonged in the 4-time model subgroup (P＜0.01),while it was significantly shortened in the 7-time and 10-time model subgroups (both P＜0.01).Compared with the matched model subgroup,the exhaustive swimming time of rats in the 7-time and 10-time moxibustion subgroups was significantly prolonged (both P＜0.01).Compared with the normal group,the MDA concentration was increased significantly (P＜0.01),and the activities stress response of SOD and T-AOC were increased in the 1-time model subgroup (both P＜0.05);the MDA concentration was increased (all P＜0.01),and the activities of SOD,GSH-Px and T-AOC were decreased differently (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) in the 4-time,7-time and 10-time model subgroups.Compared with the matched model subgroup,the concentration of MDA was significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the activities of SOD,GSH-Px and T-AOC were significantly increased in the 4-time,7-time and 10-time moxibustion subgroups (all P＜0.01).Conclusion:Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) can improve the fatigue status of the body after long-term exhaustive exercise by regulating free radical metabolism in rat's hippocampus.To some extent,this provides an experimental basis for moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) against exercise-induced fatigue.

Background Wearing of orthokeratology contact lens can slow down the development of myopia,especially in childhood.However,if wearing orthokeratology contact lens for long-term affect the corneal health is worthy of consideration.Objective This study was to evaluate the security of wearing orthokeratology contact lens in children.Methods A retrospective case-observational study was adopted.One hundred and fifty eyes of 76 myopic children aged 8-15 years were enrolled in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital during December,2009 to December,2011.Orthokeratology contact lens were worn at night for 8-10 hours daily.Area of corneal endothelial cells,density of corneal endothelial cells,coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells and percentage of hexagonal cells were measured before wearing and 3,6,12,24 months after wearing.Repeated measurement of single factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate the changes of corneal endothelial cells after wearing of orthokeratology contact lens.Results No significant differences were found in the area of corneal endothelial cells and density of corneal endothelial cells among the different time points (F =11.34,P＞0.05 ; F =7.16,P＞0.05).A significant difference was seen in the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells at various time points in the children(F=12.70,P=0.02),and the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells was 0.36±0.02 24 months after wearing lens,which was higher than 0.28 ±0.05 before wearing lens (P＜0.05).In addition,the percentage of hexagonal cells in different time points was significantly different (F=13.40,P =0.04),and the percentages of hexagonal cells at 12 hours and 24 months after wearing lens were (62±12)％ and (60±14)％ respectively,which was significantly lower than (69±12)％ before wearing lens (P＜0.05).Conclusions Wearing of orthokeratology contact lens for over one year leads to the decrease of percentage of hexagonal cells and increase of coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells.

With the development of wireless networks and mobile intelligent terminal the new media technology is profoundly changing people's lifestyle and study mode. We applied new media technologies to the teaching practice of eight-year medical program to stimulate students' learning en-thusiasm and productivity, which greatly expanded the knowledge of students, enrich teaching methods, and achieved good teaching effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of shRNA-mediated down-regulation of the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) gene on the chemotherapeutic sensitivities in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.Methods The shRNA recombinant plasmid targeting to human RACK1 gene was designed and transferred into A549 cells by lipofectin technique.The protein level of RACK1 was measured by Western blot to confirm the function of shRNA plasmid.Drug sensitivities of A549 cells to cisplatin,gemcitabine,pemetrexed and paclitaxel were analyzed by MTT assay.The protein expression of LRP and MRP were detected by Western blot.Results After 24 hours transfection,the relative expression quantity of RACK1 protein in RACK1-shRNA group was 0.267± 0.470,which was significantly lower than that in vector-shRNA group (0.821±0.109) and control group (0.842±0.060) (F =54.438,P ＜ 0.05).The results of MTT showed that the growth of A549 cells in the RACK1-shRNA group was markedly inhibited.The sensitivities of A549 cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel were significantly enhanced compared with that in the vector-shRNA group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression quantity of LRP and MRP protein in RACK1-shRNA group were 0.163±0.056 and 0.246±0.050,which were lower than that in vector-shRNA group and control group (F LRP =19.430,F MRP =61.548,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Targeted gene silencing of RACK1 improves the sensitivity of A549 cells to the ascisplatin and paclitaxel medicines,which might be achieved through down-regulation of the expression of LRP and MRP.

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Toluene ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Workplace