Recent studies have indicated that the expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 51 (USP51), a novel deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that mediates protein degradation as part of the ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS), is associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance in multiple malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms and signaling networks involved in USP51-mediated regulation of malignant phenotypes remain largely unknown. The present study provides evidence of USP51's functions as the prominent DUB in chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. At the molecular level, ectopic expression of USP51 stabilized the 78 kDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) protein through deubiquitination, thereby increasing its expression and localization on the cell surface. Furthermore, the upregulation of cell surface GRP78 increased the activity of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), the main efflux pump of doxorubicin (DOX), ultimately decreasing its accumulation in TNBC cells and promoting the development of drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, we found significant correlations among USP51, GRP78, and ABCB1 expression in TNBC patients with chemoresistance. Elevated USP51, GRP78, and ABCB1 levels were also strongly associated with a poor patient prognosis. Importantly, we revealed an alternative intervention for specific pharmacological targeting of USP51 for TNBC cell chemosensitization. In conclusion, these findings collectively indicate that the USP51/GRP78/ABCB1 network is a key contributor to the malignant progression and chemotherapeutic resistance of TNBC cells, underscoring the pivotal role of USP51 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer management.

Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a transmembrane protein on the Golgi apparatus and can be cut and released into the blood. In recent years, an increasing number of clinical studies have shown that the elevated serum GP73 level is closely related to liver diseases. And thus GP73 is expected to be used as a new serum marker for assessing progress of chronic liver diseases. Herein, the clinical application of serum GP73 in chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with different etiologies was reviewed based on available literatures; and a research outlook in this field is made.
Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Golgi Apparatus ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of staged surgery on Sanders Ⅳ calcaneal fractures with soft tissue Ⅲ swelling. METHODS: The clinical data of 76 patients with Sanders type Ⅳ closed calcaneal fracture with soft tissue three-degree swelling treated from June 2017 to May 2020 was retrospectively analyzed, including 54 males and 22 females, aged from 25 to 50 (38.16±10.24) years. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment methods. Twenty-four patients in the observation group were treated by staged surgery stageⅠclosed prying traction reduction and Kirschner wire fixation, stageⅡopen reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate, including 17 males and 7 females, aged from 25 to 50 (36.12±9.56) years. There were 52 patients in the control group, including 37 males and 15 females, aged from 25 to 50 (38.32±10.67) years, these patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate after the dermatoglyphic signs appeared. The swelling subsidence time, the length of hospitalization days, and the incidence of postoperative incision complications were compared between two groups. The Bhler angle, Gissane angle, and calcaneal varus angle were measured by X-ray before and 6 months after operation. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) about the ankle hindfoot score was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. RESULTS: All 76 patients were followed up for 8 to 12 (9.52±2.01) months. The swelling subsidence time and hospitalization days in observation group were (12.12± 3.24) d and (24.53±6.44) d, respectively, which in control group were (15.16±4.16) d and (29.46±9.61) d, with statistical difference between two groups ( CONCLUSION Compared with open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate after the appearance of dermatoglyphic signs, staged surgery for Sanders type Ⅳ calcaneal fractures with soft tissue three-swelling does not increase the risk of soft tissue complications, and can significantly shorten the patient's swelling subsidence time and hospitalization days, improve the quality of fracture reduction and short term function, and relieve pain.
Ankle Injuries ; Calcaneus/surgery* ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Gastrodia elata is a heterotrophic plant that needed to be symbiotic with Armillaria. The obstacle of continuous cropping in G. elata is serious during the G. elata cultivation, and the mechanism of obstacle in G. elata continuous cropping had not been solved. The planting of G. elata-Phallus impudicus is a new sequential planting pattern adopted in Guizhou province, but the effect of the cultivation on soil microbial community structure is still unclear. In this study, we collected four soil samples for the research including the soil without planted G. elata as control(CK), rhizosphere soil samples tightly adhering to the G. elata surface(GE), rhizosphere soil samples tightly adhering to Armillaria which was symbiotic with G. elata(AGE), the rhizosphere soil of P. impudicus planting after G. elata cultivation(PI). In order to explore the mechanism, the research study on the soil of G. elata-P. impudicus by using ITS and 16 S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technologies to detect soil microbial community structure including fungi and bacteria in the soil of CK, AGE, GE and PI. OTU clustering and PCA analysis of soil samples showed that the soil microbial diversity was relatively similar in AGE and GE. And the soil microbial in PI and CK clustered together. The results showed that AGE and GE had similar soil microbial diversity, as well as PI and CK. Compared with CK, the soil microbial diversity and abundance in AGE and GE were significantly increased. But the microbial diversity and abundance decreased in PI compared with AGE and GE. The annotation indicated that the abundance of Basidiomycota, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi decreased, and that of Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Proteobacteria increased in AGE and GE compared with CK. In contrast to AGE and GE, PI was the opposite. The abundance of Basidiomycota, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi increased in PI compared with AGE and GE. The abundance of microorganisms in the soil of PI and CK was similar. In addition, the co-culture of Armillaria and P. impudicus indicated that P. impudicus had obvious antagonistic effects on the growth of Armillaria. Therefore, it is speculated that the mechanism of G. elata-P. impudicus planting pattern related to the change of soil microbial. And we supposed that P. impudicus might inhibit the growth of Armillaria and change the soil microbial community structure and the abundance of soil microbial. And the soil microbial community structure was restored to a state close to that of uncultivated G. elata. Thus, the structure of soil microbial community planting G. elata could be restored by P. impudicus planting.
Agaricales/growth & development* ; Bacteria/classification* ; Fungi/classification* ; Gastrodia/microbiology* ; Microbiota ; Rhizosphere ; Soil Microbiology

Objective:To analyze the changes of soil microbial community structure before and after planting Gastrodia elata in different producing areas，and to investigate the response of soil microorganisms to the planting of G. elata. Method:ITS and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to detect fungal and bacterial community compositions in the soil，including the soil without planting G. elata（CK1，CK2），the soil around G. elata（GE1，GE2）before harvesting, and the soil around the rhizomorph of Armillaria（AGE1，AGE2） in Dafang, Guizhou and Jinzhai, Anhui respectively. Result:Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the soil microorganisms changed significantly after G. elata planting as compared with the control soil. The sequencing results showed that the planting of G. elata increased the OTUs number of fungi and bacteria. As compared with the control soil，the diversity and abundance of fungal and bacterial communities showed an increase trend after the cultivation of G. elata in soil of Dafang, Guizhou， such changes of fungal communities were not significant, but the abundance of soil bacteria communities increased in Jinzhai, Anhui as compared with the control soil. The abundance of genera Ilyonectria and Nitrospira increased，while genera Russula decreased significantly both in the soil of Guizhou and Anhui. Furthermore，the abundance of Fusarium and Mortierella increased significantly in the soil of Dafang, Guizhou. Conclusion:The soil microorganisms were out of balance after planting of G. elata, and the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as Ilyonectria and Fusarium increased，which may be related to the plant diseases and insect pests of G. elata.