0.05)than 20 of those well-cared patients.Conclusion:The results from the tests by the YWG neuropsychological training system indicate it can demonstrate the severity of the schizophrenia and the cognitive dysfunction of the schizophrenics;therefore,these tests can be applied to clinic.

Objective To investigate the CT features of pulmonary sarcoidosis.Methods Ninety patients with histologically proved pulmonary sarcoidosis were retrospectively studied by using CT scans and clinical recording.Results The main CT findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis were nodules which were seen in 69 cases(76.7%),and the nodules mostly distributed around the bronchovascular bundle(n=37, 41.1%).Other abnormalities included consolidation(n=31,34.4%),ground-grass(n=39,43.3 %), thickening of bronchovascular bundle(n=30,33.3%),interlobular septal lines(n=58,64.4%), fibrosis(n=17,18.9%)including bronchial distortion(n=8,8.9%),linear shadow(n=5,5.6%), and honeycombing shadow(n=4,4.4%),air-trapping(n=3,5.3%),bronchial straitness(n=8, 8.9%),pleural thickening(n=42,46.7%),and hilar and mediastinal adenopathy(n=76,84.4%). Two or more abnormal findings co-existed in 83 cases.The pulmonary lesions co-existed with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy in 76 cases.The nodules(n=25),consolidation(n=9),ground-grass(n=11), thickening of bronehovascular bundle(n=10)were improved after therapy.Ten cases of the interlobular septal(10/22),0 of bronchial distortion(0/4),1 case of diffuse linear(1/3),and 0 case of honeycombing(0/2)were improved.Conclusion CT manifestations of pulmonary sarcoidosis are varied, but has some specific radiographic features.A correct diagnosis can be made.combined with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy.

The focus of microbiologists has moved to the rare actinomycetes.For selective isolation of rare actinomycetes that all play the important role in bioactive compounds,the approaches which involve the methods using gellan gum and flooding solution、 rehydration-centrifugation(RC)、 extremely high frequency radiation(EHF)、 bacteriophage and sucrose-gradient centrifugation were introduced in this paper.

The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) modified liposome as a vehicle for ophthalmic administration. Liposome loaded with 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) was prepared by lipid film hydration method. WGA was thiolated and then conjugated to the surface of the liposome via polyethylene glycol linker to constitute the WGA-modified and FAM-loaded liposome (WGA-LS/FAM). The amount of thiol groups on each WGA molecule was determined, and the bioactivity of WGA was estimated after it was modified to the surface of liposome. The physical and chemical features of the WGA-modified liposome were characterized and the ocular bioadhesive performance was evaluated in rats. The result showed that each thiolated WGA molecule was conjugated with 1.32 thiol groups. WGA-LS/FAM had a mean size of (97.40 +/- 1.39) nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.23 +/- 0.01. The entrapment efficacy of FAM was about (2.95 +/- 0.21)%, and only 4% of FAM leaked out of the liposome in 24 h. Erythrocyte agglutination test indicated that after modification WGA preserved the binding activity to glycoprotein. The in vivo ocular elimination of WGA-LS/FAM fitted first-order kinetics, and the elimination rate was significantly slower than that of the unmodified liposome, demonstrating WGA-modified liposome is bioadhesive and suitable for ophthalmic administration.
Absorption, Physicochemical ; Adhesiveness ; Administration, Ophthalmic ; Animals ; Drug Carriers ; Eye ; metabolism ; Fluoresceins ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wheat Germ Agglutinins ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics

Animals ; China ; Hantavirus Infections ; veterinary ; Rodent Diseases ; virology

Objective To study osteogenic courses and features of human osteoblasts cultured in vitro and seeded into alloplastic decalcified cancellous bone.Methods Human osteoblasts isolated from normal human perios- teum were cultured and amplified in vitro.Thy configuration and developing manners of osteoblasts were observed. Then osteoblasts were seeded into alloplastic decalcified cancellous bone.Thy composites were implanted and cultured in thy body of athymic mice.The specimens were obtained 8 weeks later.Osteogenic characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscope.Results Osteoblasts isolated from human periosteum developed well and proliferated rapidly in vitro.Island new bone formation could be observed histologically 8 weeks after the composites of os- teoblasts and alloplasric decalcified cancellous bone were implanted and cultured in the body of athymic mice.Conclu- sion Calcified bone can be formed by seeding osteoblasts into alloplastic decalcified cancellous bone,which may be a new kind of bone graft source to construct bone defects.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the toxicity effect of Jianpi shengxue granule on perinatal rats. METHODS:Based on body mass,pregnant rats were randomly divided into negative control group and Jianpi shengxue granule low-dose,medium-dose, high-dose groups(0.77,2.31,6.93 g/kg),21 in each group,and intragastrically given relevant medicines from the 15th d of preg-nancy until 21st d after delivery,once a day. Effects of Jianpi shengxue granule on general toxicity and fertility of maternal rats were observed,as well as the effects on athletic ability,learning and memory ability,fertility of F1 offspring and early viability of F2 offspring. RESULTS:In terms of toxicity effect on maternal rats,compared with control group,the days of pregnancy in Jianpi shengxue granule high-dose group was significantly prolonged(P<0.05),initial body mass of administration was significantly re-duced (P<0.01). In terms of toxicity effect on offspring,compared with negative control group,the initial body mass of F1 off-spring in Jianpi shengxue granule high-dose group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the time of 4th and 5th time for founding underwater platform was significantly shortened(P<0.01),and there was no obvious effect on fertility of F1 offspring and early vi-ability of F2 offspring (P>0.05);there was no obvious effect on the indexes of offspring in Jianpi shengxue granule medium-dose,low-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS:The no toxic dose of Jianpi shengxue granule in maternal and offspring rats is 2.31 g/kg.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of trans-gastric route combined with trans-colonic or trans-vaginal route endoscopic salpingectomy and liver biopsy, as methods of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Methods Endoscopic salpingectomy and liver biopsy were per-formed in 4 female porcine models, in 2 of which the procedure was achieved via trans-gastric and trans-co-Ionic route (Group A), while in other 2 was via trans-gastric and trans-vaginal route (Group B). The ani-mals were sacrificed after the procedure and the related complications were observed. Results Abdominal cavity exploration, salpingectomy and liver biopsy could be performed successfully through two combined routes. Perforation of adjacent colon was found in 1 animal with the trans-colonic route NOTES. Conclusion NOTES via trans-gastric and trans-colonic routes or via trans-gastric and trans-vaginal for salpingectomy and liver biopsy are both feasible, while trans-vaginal route seems to be safer than trans-colunic route.

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of combined transgastric and transcolonic endoscopic cholecystectomy in porcine model.Methods Five female miniature swines were subjected to cholecystectomy by the combined transgastric and transcolonic approach using two flexible endoscopes.The gastric wall of the swine was punctured with a needle knife,followed by dilatation with a balloon-dilator via the transgastric access.then a double channel endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity.Another double-channel endoscope was advanced via a transcolonic access.Gallbladder excision was performed using transcolonic endoscope assisted by transgastric endoscope.After eholecystectomy the gastric and the colonic incisions were closed with clips.The animal was examined 14 days after operation.Results Cholecystectomy was failed in 4 swines because of incomplete exposing the gallbladder(3 swines)and hemarrhage during separating the gallbladder from the liver bed(1 swine).Only one swine was successfully performed cholecystectomy.But 3 perforations were found in the diaphragm which might be done by transcolonic endoscope.The swine lost 4 kg 14 days after the operation.The necropsy revealed a complete transmural healing of the gastric incision with minimal adhesions and a complete healing of the colonic incision with heavy adhesions.An abscess with severe adhesions was found in the right lower quadrant.One perforation of the diaphragm healed,and the other two perfolrations merged and formed a diverticulum embedded with the liver.Conclusion Combined transgastric and transcolonic approach appears difficult for cholecystectomy and the safety remains tO be further studied.

Objective The comparison of the clinical role of stress-redistribution/reinjection with dual isotopes of 99Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) and 201TI in the detection of myocardial viability.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with clinically suspicious coronary artery disease (CAD) were included.All had intravenous injection with 740 MBq of 99Tcm-MIBI.Pharmacological challenge with dobu-macological challenge with dobutamin,111 MBq of 201Tl Was injected to all.Myocardial SPECT images were performed in all at 10-min (stress) and 3-h (redistribution/rest) after injection.The 201Tl(37 MBq)would be given to those patients with myocardial perfusion defect at stress images by 201Tl and were demon-strated by both 201Tl(redistribution) and 99Tcm-MIBI (rest).Coronary angiography (CAG) Was performed within two weeks.X2-test was used with SAS 6.12.Results Coronary artery abnormalities were found in all with 76 patients had one vessel disease,51 had two and 33 had three.Of the 152 patients who had myo- cardial perfusion defect during stress images,63 had redistribution by both 201TI and 99Tcm-MIBI.5 had re-distribution by 201Tl only.9 had redistribution by 99Tcm-MIBI only,and 75 had no redistribution in 201Tl or 99Tcm-MIBI images.The sensitivity of detection myocardial viability with myocardial SPECT images between 201Tl at redistribution (66.0%,68/103) and 99Tcm-MIBI at rest (69.9%,72/103) were insignificant (x2=O.36.P>0.05).Of the 75 patients who did not have redistribution in 201Tl or 99Tcm-MIBI images.34.7% (26/75)had myocardial perfusion when reinjection of 201Tl.In all,there were eight false negative myocardial perfusion SEPCT images.Three were triple vessel disease,one Was two, three were one, and the other was patent collateral circulation.Conclusions Stress.redistributed/reinjection 201TI myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging is superior to stress 201Tl/rest 99Tcm-MIBI simultaneous dual-isotopic myocardial imaging in the detec-tion of myocanrdial viability.