It have been known that many epigenetic alterations palyed an important role in development of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In contrast to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations could be in principle pharmacologically reversed. Application of epigenetic drugs can reactivate inactivated suppressor genes. Epigenetic drugs mainly include demethylating agents and histone deacylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which are available in treatment. 5-AZA and decitabine as DNA demethylation agents have been approved by FDAof treatment in intermediate or high risk MDS, especially those old patients who are resistant to chemotherapy.HDAC inhibitors such as valproic acid are mostly employed in phase I trial, probably effective in treating low risk MDS, but treatment schedules and curative effects still have to be evaluated. The combination of demethylation agents and HDAC inhibitors may result in synergistic activity, but its therapeutic effect seems not to be superior to monotherapy of demethylation agents in current clinical trials, and it still need new clinical trials containing more cases and rational treatment schedules to identify safety and effect of combination.

Objective To study COX-2 expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma in order to explore the relationship between the immunohistochemical staining and biological behavior of bladder cancer. Methods The expression of COX-2,Ki-67,and VEGF was examined in 50 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 10 normal bladder mucosa by means of immunohistochemical technique.Results The expression of COX-2 in BTCCs was higher than that in normal bladder mucosa.The positive rate of COX-2 was 80% in BTCCs while it was not detected in normal bladder mucosa.COX-2 was highly positively related to the grade,stage and prognosis of tumors.The expression of COX-2 in poorly differentiated,invasive or re- curring BTCCs was higher than that in well differentiated superficial or nonrecurring ones.But there was not significant difference between the solitary tumour and multiple ones.There were positive correlation both be- tween COX-2 and Ki-67 and between COX-2 and VEGF.Conclusion The high expression of COX-2 may benefit increase in bladder cancer cell proliferative activity.VEGF expression in COX-2 positive tumor was significantly higher than that in COX-2 negative tumor.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Male ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Objective To compare fentanyl and sufentanil in total intravenous anesthesia for liver resection. Methods 100 patients undergoing liver resection were randomly received either sufentanil (group S, n = 50) anesthesia or fentanyl (group C, n = 50). Hemodynamic variables, time to spontaneous eye opening and extubation were recorded. VAS-scale was used to assess postoperative pain. The incidence of nausea & vomiting, agitation and respiratory depression was recorded and compared. Results Patients in group S had a more stable hemodynamic variables, and the incidence of postoperative pain (VAS: group S 4. 2± 1.1, group C 6. 1 ± 1.2), agitation (group S 2 cases, group C 11 cases) and respiratory depression (group S 1 case, group C 5 cases)was lower. Conclusions Both sufentanil and fentanyl were safe and efficacious in total intravenous anesthesia for liver resection. Compared with fentanyl, Sufentanil had higher hemodynamic stability, and lower incidence of postoperative pain, respiratory depression and agitation.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of percutaneous fenestration of intimal flap(FIF) and endovascular stent(ES) placement for aortic dissection. Methods Male patient, 54 years old. DeBakey Ⅲb aortic dissection, tear of intimal flap situated at the beginning of desconding aorta, developed to abdominal aorta and right iliac artery. The true lumen was 3 mm at narrowest locatation. Through femoral artery approach, percutaneous fenestration of intimal flap and ES placement are operated and four ES were placed. Results The blood flow of aortic true lumen and branches were resumed. The true lumen raised to 12 3 mm at the narrowest locatation. The clinical symptoms vanished. Conclusion Percutaneous fenestration and ES placement for aortic dissection feature little injure, high safety and effecacy. So, It is the first choice for certain aortic dissection.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare thermo-sensitive ornidazole hydrogel and establish its quality control method.METHODS: Thermo-sensitive ornidazole hydrogel was prepared with ornidazole as chief constituent using poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 as base.The content of ornidazole in the hydrogel was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.RESULTS: The preparation was white or yellowish semisolid gel,and its test results were up to the related standard specified in Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 Edition).The linear range of ornidazole was 3.98～43.77 mg?L-1(r=0.999 8),and its mean recovery was 98.52%(RSD=1.1%).CONCLUSION: The preparation is simple and feasible in preparation process,and the quality of the preparation is stable and controllable.

Lymphatic metastasis is one of the main routes of tumor metastasis. The limitation of traditional medicine in the treatment of lymphatic tumor metastasis lies in the low concentration of the drug in lymphatic metastases resulting in poor efficacy. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery system plays an important role in enhancing drug targeting, improving drug bioavailability, and reducing side effects. This review introduces the composition and function of the lymphatic system as well as its role in tumor metastasis, enumerates the present therapeutic means and limitations of anti-tumor lymphatic metastasis, and focuses on the recent advances in the passive, active and antigen-presenting cell-mediated lymphatic targeted drug delivery systems in tumor metastasis are highlighted.

Objective To assess the feasibility of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in renal artery using the iterative reconstruction technique (iDose4) in Brilliance iCT (Philips Ltd.).Methods 90 patients (body weight 60-70 kg) supposed to undergo renal artery CTA were selected and randomly divided into three groups:A(120 kV,120 mAs),B(120 kV,60 mAs) and C(100 kV,100 mAs).CTA images from Group A were obtained using filtered back projection and those from the rest groups were generated by iDose4.Then CT number of renal artery,noise (denoted as standard deviation SD),signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of images for each group were measured and recorded.Images were post-processed using volume reformation (VR) 3D imaging and image quality were assessed in five-level grade (1-5).Results The five parameters (CT number of renal artery,SD value,SNR,CNR and VR grade) of group A and group B were statistically insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).While SD values of group C were comparable to those of group A and B,the rest four parameters of group C were apparently larger,which was statistically significant (tCT value =-12.326,tSNR =-7.136,tCNR =-7.649,ZVR =-2.690,PVR ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Image quality could still fit the diagnosis requirements using iDose4 when mAs decreased lower than 50％.The image quality increases when radiation dose is halved at 100 kVp kV.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; toxicity ; Humans ; Male ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; therapy