Objective To retrospectively evaluate the mammographic features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)and DCIS with small invasive foci,and to analyze the correlation between the mammographic findings and the prognostic biologic factors.Methods The mammographic examination was performed in 95 consecutive women with breast DCIS(n = 50)and DCIS with invasive foci(n = 45 ).The prognostic biologic factors including progesterone receptor(PR),C-erbB-2,and p53 were evaluated in 62 of 95 cases.Categorical data were expressed as percentages and analyzed by using the X~2 test,and furthermore the odds ratio was measured.Results(1)Only one abnormality was seen on mammography in 62 patients. Combined two abnormalities on mammography were seen in 26 patients.Mammograms were normal in 7 patients.(2)Calcifications with or without other abnormality were noted in 62 cases.Of them,73% (n =45)had higher probability of malignancy calcifications and the others were intermediate concern calcifications.Clustered calcifications(36 lesions)was the most common distribution,which usually accompanied by another abnormality.And then were segmental(18 lesions)distributed pattern.As far as the shape of mass (n = 22)was concerned,the oval shaped lesion(13 cases)was the most common,and the margin of the mass appeared as ill-defined in 15 eases,microlobulated in 1,circumscribed in 4,and obscured in 2,respectively.Isodensity mass had a higher frequency in this group(12/22,55%).Other non-calcification findings included architecture distortion(7 cases),local asymmetry (15 cases),global asymmetry (5 cases),and solitary dilated duct (3 cases),and most of them accompanied with other signs. (3)For expression profile of the biological factors,significant differences were found among malignant calcification group,intermediate concern calcification group,and non-calcification group. The odds of PR positive for the lesions noted as non-calcification were 11.00 times higher (X~2 =8.571 ,P=0.003 ;95% CI, 1.998—60.572)than the lesions noted as intermediate concern calcifications,and 8.80 times higher (X~2 = 9.748,P=0.002 ;95% CI,2.024—38.253)than the lesions noted as malignant calcifications.The odds of C-erbB-2 positive for the lesions showed as malignant calcifications were 12.35 times higher (X~2=7.353, P=0.007 ;95% CI,1.447—105.443)than the lesions showed as non-calcification,and 5.74 times higher (X~2=4.977,P = 0.026;95% CI,1.110—29.645)than the lesions showed as intermediate concern calcifications.Conclusion The mammographic features of DCIS and DCIS with small invasive foci were characteristic.Mammographic findings could be a prognostic markers,which could provide a possibility for making a treatment plan.

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; therapy

To study the regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells by triptolide (TP) and the possible mechanism, by using qRT-PCR and Western blot, the AR mRNA and protein levels in TP treated LNCaP cells were detected, and the AR protein level in TP and NF-κB inhibitor treated LNCaP cells was also detected; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter gene vectors were built using restriction-free cloning method, and the vectors were employed to investigate the effects of TP on the transcriptional activity of AR promoter in LNCaP cells; the upstream proteins which may play regulatory roles were detected using western blot assay. After treated LNCaP cells with TP for 48 h, AR mRNA and protein expressions decreased with increasing TP concentration. The expression of AR target gene PART1 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also downregulated by TP treatment; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter vectors were constructed and validated by sequencing and luciferase activity; the results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TP downregulated AR at the transcriptional level; PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway which is associated with AR promoter activity was drowregulated by TP. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of AR in LNCAP cells was downregulated by TP, and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway may be involved in the regulation mechanism.

50 days),whereas third party skin grafts were vigorously rejected.Conclusion Blockade of CD28-B7 and CD40-CD40 ligand interactions resulted in long-term allograft survival and donor-specific tolerance in mouse cardiac transplantation without chronic rejection.

Objective To evaluate the b value of diffusion-weighted(DW)MRI in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods Three diffusion-weighted sequences were implemented with 500,1000 and 2000 s/mm~2 b values respectively on 95 breast lesions in 83 patients.All lesions were confirmed by pathology.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values and signal intensity (SI)were recorded and compared in different lesions(breast cancer,benign lesion,cyst and normal beast tissue)with the same b value and the same lesions with the different b values.Results(1)The mean ADC value and SI of breast cancer were 1.375?0.378 and 839.713?360.493 respectively with b= 500 s/mm~2,1.176?0.311 and 459.314?229.609 with b=1000 s/mm~2,0.824?0.198 and 243.825? 110.616 with b=2000 s/mm~2.The differences in the mean ADC value were significant between two type lesions(cancer and benign lesion,cancer and cyst,cancer and normal breast tissue)with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.But the significant differenee was only seen between cancer and benign lesions when b value was 2000 s/mm~2.(2)The one-side upper limits of 95% confidence interval of mean ADCs were adopted as the point to separate the malignant from the benign lesions,the sensitivity was 70.92%, 70.73% and 69.77%,the specificity was 77.19%,75.70% and 54.76%,the accuracy was 77.12%, 74.32% and 62.35% respectively with b values of 500 s/mm~2,1000 s/mm~2 and 2000 s/mm~2.The areas under ROC eurves were Az_(500)=0.775?0.046(P0.05).Conclusion DWI MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.

Objective To retrospectively assess diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in preoperative assessment of local extent of breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)and DCIS with small invasive foci,compared with the mammography and ultrasonography(US)imagings.Methods Results of MRI,mammography,and US imaging from 17 consecutive women with known breast DCIS and DCIS with invasive foci were analyzed,and then compared with pathologic examination.Results(1) Fourteen lesions showed enhancement on dynamic breast MRI,of which 11 lesions were no-mass-like enhancement.Six of 11 lesions appeared segmental enhancement,and 2 were regional enhancement.Ductal and multiple focal areas enhancement were 1 case respectively.Symmetric diffuse enhancement in bilateral breast was showed in 1 patient.Ductal dilation was visible in ipsilateral breast on pre-contrast MRI in 2 cases,which manifested bloody nipple discharge in clinical examination,and duct enhanced on post- contrast imaging in one of them.Two lesions appeared mass enhancement with irregular shape and homogeneous signal.Linear enhancement surrounding the oval homogeneous mass with smooth margin found in 1 case.(2)Thirteen of 17 patients underwent bilateral mammography.There were various findings in mammograms,including microcalcifications(6 cases),normal mammograms(2 cases),calcifications with other appearance(2 cases),and non-calcification abnormity(3 cases).In 8 lesions with calcifications, 5 were noted higher probability of malignancy calcifications and 3 intermediate concern calcifications. Calcifications distributed clustered(5 cases),regional(2 cases)and diffuse(1 case)shape.(3)Sixteen of 17 patients were performed breast US examination.Eleven lesions,which were correct diagnosed, appeared higher echo spots within irregular lower echo area.One lesion diagnosed benign and 4 were negative on US examination.(4)Regarded the size measured on pathologic examination as golden standard, accordance of lesion extent was 13 of 17 case in MRI,7 of 13 in mammography,and 7 of 16 in US.There were 2 lesions overestimation of extent in MRI,3 in mammography,and 2 in US.Underestimation of extent showed 1 case and 3 cases in mammography and US imaging respectively.The difference was not significant (P = 0.161).Conclusion The MR imaging features of DCIS and DCIS with small invasive loci were characteristic.The combination of MRI and mammography could improve diagnostic accuracy.

"Prescription embodied in Preparation", Chinese medicine preparation, aims to study the specific form of Chinese medicine from raw materials to preparation for acting on patients directly. Its development has gone through three stages according to the characteristics of raw materials pretreatment, including "direct smash and initial extraction for Chinese materia medica", "Extensive extraction and preliminarily impurity for Chinese materia medica" and "Refining and purification for Chinese materia medica". With the development of new technologies and new theories, Chinese medicine preparation emerged in a new stage: structural components of Chinese medicine, with the characteristics of definited material basis, clear mechanisms, determined ADME/T properties, reasonable drug release system designs and scientific productions quality controls. This requires multidisciplinary to solve systemly the problems of Chinese medicine preparation. In this article, we reviewed the development of Chinese medicine preparation in different times, and analyzed the development and the characteristics of Chinese medicine preparation; and mainly focused on a fact that multidisciplinary promoted the study and development of Chinese medicine preparation, especially in structural components of Chinese medicine. It provides development direction and theoretical basis for Chinese medicine preparation.
Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To explore the value of arginase-1(Arg-1) and glypican-3 (GPC-3) combined examination in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),metastatic carcinoma (MC) of liver and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods From January 2005 to December 2011,a total of 54 patients with HCC were selected,including 10 cases with high differentiation,25 cases with moderate differentiation and 19 cases with poor differentiation.At the same time,25 patients with MC of liver and 20 patients with ICC were selected.A total of 31 normal liver specimens were set as control.The expressions of Arg 1 and GPC-3 in the above tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method.The sensitivity and specificity of the examination in the diagnosis of HCC were analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for count data analysis.Results The positive expression rate of Arg-1 in HCC,MC of liver,ICC and normal liver tissues was 87.0％ (47/54),4.0％ (1/25),5.0％ (1/20) and 100.0％ (31/31),respectively.The Arg 1 positive expression rate in HCC tissues was higher than that in other tumor tissues of non-HCC,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =66.98,P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of GPC-3 in HCC,MC of liver,ICC and normal liver tissues was 70.4％ (38/54),12.0％ (3/25),5.0％ (1/20) and 0 (0/31),respectively.The GPC-3 positive expression rate in HCC tissues was higher than that in other tumor tissues of non-HCC and the difference was statistically significant (x2=37.98,P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of Arg-1 or GPC-3 positive in HCC diagnosis was 92.6％ (50/54) and 86.7％ (39/45).The sensitivity and specificity of both Arg 1 and GPC-3 positive in HCCdiagnosis was 64.8％ (35/54) and 100.0％ (45/45).Conclusion Arginase-1 and glypican-3 combined examination has an important value in HCC diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

BACKGROUND:Exogenous neurotrophic factors or chemical induction can induce rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells. However, exogenous inductors exert a short inducible action, and their chemical substances inevitably have a negative impact on cellviability to limit the application prospects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to a certain extent.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor, green fluorescent protein gene transfection by adenovirus vector on biological characteristics of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, to observe the expression of glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor and green fluorescent protein and the role of nutrition on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and to explore the ability to differentiate into neuron-like cells induced by glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor.
METHODS:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at passage 3 were transfected by recombinant adenovirus (Multiplicity of infection=10, 50, 80, 100, 150, 200). The experiment had two groups according to target genes:bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfected by Ad-GDNF-GFP in transfection group, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were not transfected in control group. The expression of green fluorescent protein was detected by inverted fluorescence microscope. Transfection efficiency was calculated by flow cytometry. cells viability and the morphological changes of cells were compared respectively by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and inverted fluorescence microscope between the two groups. On days 5 and 10 after transfection, the expression of glial cel-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA was detected by PCR. On day 5, the expression of neuron-specific enolase was determined by immunofluorescence examination. On day 10, the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 was identified.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:By the end of 12 hours after transfection, the green fluorescent protein expressed in cells, and the fluorescence intensity gradual y increased with time. When the multiplicity of infection was 100, the fluorescence intensity was strong and stable, and the transfection rate was nealy 90%on day 3 after transfection. cellviability in the transfection group was strengthened after transfection. On day 5 after transfection, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressed neuron-specific enolase, and neuron-like protrusions gradual y extended. On day 10 after transfection, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressed microtubule-associated protein 2 and glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA, and exhibited neuron-like morphology and interconnected synpases. The recombinant adenovirus, Ad-GDNF-GFP, can highly transfect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells when the multiplicity of infection is 100, and glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor can promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells.

In order to improve the interfacial bonding strength of hydroxyapatite/polyurethane implanted material and dispersion of hydroxyapatite in the polyurethane matrix, we in the present study synthesized nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane composites by in situ polymerization. We then characterized and analyzed the fracture morphology, thermal stability, glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. We seeded MG63 cells on composites to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the composites. In situ polymerization could improve the interfacial bonding strength, ameliorate dispersion of hydroxyapatite in the properties of the composites. After adding 20 wt% hydroxyapatite into the polyurethane, the thermal stability was improved and the glass transition temperatures were increased. The tensile strength and maximum elongation were 6.83 MPa and 861.17%, respectively. Compared with those of pure polyurethane the tensile strength and maximum elongation increased by 236.45% and 143.30%, respectively. The composites were helpful for cell adhesion and proliferation in cultivation.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Humans ; Polymerization ; Polyurethanes ; Tensile Strength ; Transition Temperature