Glaucoma,optical neuritis and trauma are optic nerve injury-related diseases.These ocular diseases cause irreversible damage of the vision and even blindness.The study on optic nerve regeneration is a powerful approach for rescuing vision and improving the quality of life of patients.Therefore,how to promote optic nerve regeneration is always the focus in ophthalmology.In recent years,great progression has achieved by modulation of cellular signal pathway,usage of glial cells,stem cells and neurotrophic factor,etc,which lays a basis for the treatment of optic nerve injury.Ophthalmologist should trace and participate in these researches to promote the development of regeneration medicine.This review summarizes these new approaches after discussing factors effecting optic nerve regeneration briefly and proposes questions to answer.

AIM:To establish the quality standard of Compound Shouwu Granule (Radix Polygoni multiflori,Radix et Rhizoma Thalictri Baicalensis,Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis,etc.) METHODS:TLC was performed to identify Radix Polygoni Multiflori,Radix et Rhizoma Thalictri Baicalensis,Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis.HPLC was used to determine 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-0-?-D-glucoside. RESULTS:The study on the quality control showed that the characteristic of identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific.The quantitative evaluation had the linear range of 0.04-0.72 ?g.The average recovery was 99.99% and RSD was 1.3%. CONCLUSION: The method for identification and quantitation was simple,accurate,realizable and reproducible.It can be used effectively for the quality control of Compound Shouwu Granule.

Cytoplast and microprotoplast are main subprotoplasts that can play an important role in plant genetic improvement.The present review highlights the advancements in isolation and fusion of plant subprotoplast,and some suggestions and prospects are proposed for the future studies.

Objective To explore the effect of different indexes on evaluating insulin resistance in obese children. Methods Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in obese children (n= 61) and age - matched normal volunteers( n= 23) Serum glucose and insulin levels were determined at 0,30,60,120,180 min after OGTT, insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Indexes such as the ratio of area under the curve of glucose(AUCG)/area under the curve of insulin(AUCI), the ratio of fasting blood sugar(FBG) and fasting blood insulin (FINS) were meanwhile calculated. Results The level of serum FINS was significantly higher in obese children(P

Objective To explore the safety and the efficacy of the two-stage sedation administration method for the elderly in gastroscopic examination. Methods 128 elderly patients were divided into two groups according to age and body mass index (BMI), and were given sedation treatment before gastroscopic examination by two-stage administration method(group TSAM, n= 64)and continual administration method (group CAM, n= 64) of analgesics respectively. The following major data were recorded : ( 1 ) mean artery pressure (MAP) ;( 2 ) Blood oxygen saturation ( SpO2 ) ;(3)sedation level;(4) recovery time;(5) the amount of propofol used for sedation;(6) electrocardiogram (ECG) ;(7)the degree of pharyngeal malaise;(8) the oblivion degree of malaise. Results There was no significant difference in MAP alteration between two methods(P>0. 05). Compared with group CAM, the decreased degree of SpO2 was slighter and no patient's SpO2 was lower than 90% in group TSAM (P<0. 05). Fifty-seven patients in group TSAM fell into sedative state for gastroscopy with OAA/S score 2, while sixty patients in group CAM with OAA/S score 2, which represented a deeper sedation level in group CAM (P<0. 01). The recovery time was shorter and the amount of propofol used was significantly less in group TSAM than in group CAM (P<0. 01). During the process of gastroscopic exmaination, ST-T change and arrhythmia in ECG were not seen in either of these two groups. The pharyngeal malaise of patients in group TSAM was more severe than in group CAM (P<0. 01). However, there was no difference in the oblivion degree of malaise between two methods(P>0.05). Conclusions The two-stage sedative administration method is safer and more effective for gastroscopic examination for the elderly.

Objective To explore the application of propofol combined with midazolam intrave-nous anesthesia in pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, Methods A total of 497 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients who received sedative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were assigned to a children group (2～14 years) and an adults group (18～65 years). The 2 groups were treated with midazolam (0.02～0.03 mg/kg, iv) and propofol (0.6～0.7 mg/s, iv) with an interval of 3～5 minutes. Enterseopy was inserted at light sleep, relaxing muscles, and disappearance of eyelash relaxation. Combining of pro-endoscopy, reaction to intravenous administration, dose of propofol, reaction to en-doscopy, time of returning to consciousness, changes of SpO2, R, HR, and BP, and sedative quali-ty were evaluated. Results Good sedation of the 2 groups after intravenous administration was ob-served. Rate of combining of pro-endoscopy in children was lower (42%) than that in adults (100%). The incidence of restlessness, hyperphasia, temporary decreasing of SpO2, dose of propofol of per kilogram weight, time of returning to consciousness in the children were 82.7%, 17%, 2.4 mg/kg, and (17.5±3.2)min, respectively, which were all higher in the adults [9%,4%,1.4 mg/kg, and (9.5±1.3)min, P<0.01]. HR and BP decreased in the 2 groups, and recovered rapidly after the endoscopy. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion It is safe and effective to use propofol combined with midazolam intravenous sedation anesthesia in pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

To study the interaction of drugs of different properties, namely puerarin, borneol and catalpol in the process of in- clusion, in order to explore the inclusion regularity of multi-component and multi-property traditional Chinese medicine compound in- clusions. With HP-β-CD as the inclusion material, the freeze-drying method was used to prepare the inclusion. The inclusion between puerarin, borneol and catalpol was tested by measuring the inclusion concentration, DSC and X-ray diffraction. According to the find- ings, when insoluble drugs puerarin and borneol were included simultaneously, and puerarin was overdosed, puerarin included was almost equal to puerarin included, and borneol was not included. When puerarin was under-dosed, and HP-β-CD was overdosed, borne- ol was included, and the simultaneous inclusion was lower than the separate inclusion of borneol. When water-soluble drug catalpol was jointly included with puerarin or borneol, the simultaneous inclusion was almost the same with their separate inclusion, without charac- teristic peak of catalpol in DSC and X-ray diffraction patterns. There is a competition in the simultaneous inclusion between water-solu- ble drugs puerarin and borneol and a stronger competition in puerarin. The water-soluble drug catalpol could be included with HP-β-CD with no impact on the inclusion of puerarin or borneol.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Bornanes ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Freeze Drying ; Iridoid Glucosides ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Solubility ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

Branchioma ; complications ; Child ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative ; complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).

METHODSThirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetes group and treatment group( n = 10). Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was utilized to establish a rat model of DCM. The rats with DCM in treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with NaHS solution. After treated for 12 weeks, the hearts isolated from rats were perfused on a langendorff apparatus. The ventricular hemodynamic parameters were measured. The ultrastructures of myocardium were observed using electron microscopy. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in myocardial tissue were determined by spectrophotometry. The expressions of C/EBP homologous protein( CHOP), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and Caspase 12 at mRNA level in myocardium were detected using RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the cardiac function and myocardial ultrastructure were damaged obviously in diabetic rats. In myocardial tissue, the content of MDA was increased, while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased. CHOP, GRP78 and Caspase 12 mRNA expressions were increased significantly. Compared with diabetes group, cardiac function and myocardial ultrastructure damage were improved in treatment group. The content of MDA was decreased, while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly. The mRNA levels of CHOP, GRP78 and Caspase 12 were increased.

CONCLUSIONH2S can protect myocardium in diabetic rats, maybe it is related to reduce oxidative stress damage and inhibition of the ERS-induced apoptosis pathway.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; pharmacology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; ultrastructure ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Streptozocin ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; metabolism

A RP-HPLC method was established for simultaneous determination of phellodendrine hydrochloride (PH1), magnoflorine hydrochloride (MH), jatrorrhizine hydrochloride (JH), palmatine hydrochloride (PH2) and berberine hydrochloride (BH) in Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex by using ionic liquids as mobile phase additives. The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection. The effect of extraction solvent, detection wavelength, length of alkyl chain on different imidazolium ionic liquids and concentration of ionic liquids on the separation and determination of alkaloids were investigated. Ionic liquid, [BMIm] BF4, can obviously improve the resolution and peak shape. This ILs-HPLC method is simple, rapid, and reliable, which can be used for determination of alkaloids in Phellodenddri Chinensis Cortex.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Phellodendron ; chemistry