Objective To investigate the clinical features and distribution of G types of rotavirus diarrhea in infants and children in Suzhou and Maanshan areas.Methods 1267 stool specimens were collected from children under 5 years with acute diarrhea. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and nested polymeras chain reaction (Nested-PCR) were used to detect rotavirus and serotypes.Results In 1267 stool specimens, 378 were detected RV positive, and serotype G was the prevalent type in the two cities with number of 250 and the G3 and G1 types were the most prevalent which accounted for 40%(100/250) and 44.40 % (111/250), respectively. While the G2 ,G4, G9 types and mixed infections were 8,3,3,4 and the un-identified type was 8.40%(21/250). G1 type was the most prevalent in Maanshan are which accounted for 58.54% in all cases,while the G3 type accounted for the most of case(47.85%) in Suzhou area.Conclusions The results indicated that rotavirus was the most important etiologic agent in Maanshan and Suzhou areas,G1 and G3 were the most prevalent types,respectively. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(3):208-210

Objective To compare the adverse reactions of intranasal and intravenous dexmedetomidine on tracheal extubation during wake up of general anesthesia.Methods One hundred and twenty patients who ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ grade were divided into four groups (each 30 patients) by random digits table method.The patients in intravenous group were given 0.5 μ g/kg intravenous dexmedetomidine (diluted to 10 ml by 0.9％ sodium chloride,intravenous injection slowly,≥30 s).The patients in intranasal group 1 were given 0.5 μg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine.The patients in intranasal group 2 were given 0.8 μg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine.The patients in control group were given intravenous 0.9％ sodium chloride.The systolic blood pressure(SBP),mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),heart rate were compared among groups.Eyes open time and extubation time,the rate of cough and the degree during extubation were compared too.Results The SBP,MAP,heart rate in intravenous group,intranasal group 1 were significantly higher than those in basal state (P ＜ 0.05).The SBP,MAP,heart rate at different time in intranasal group 2 had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The SBP,MAP,heart rate before extubation and after extubation for 3 min in control group were significantly higher than those in intravenous group,intranasal group 1 and intranasal group 2 (P ＜ 0.05).Eyes open time and extubation time among four groups had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The rate of cough,restlessness and 3 scores of degree before extubation in intravenous group,intranasal group 1 and intranasal group 2 were significandy lower than those in control group [43％ (13/30),50％(15/30),47％(14/30) vs.70％ (21/30); 17％(5/30),23％(7/30),20％(6/30) vs.43％(13/30);53％ (16/30),60％ (18/30),50％ (15/30) vs.80％ (24/30)] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Either intravenous or intranasal dexmedetomidine can effectively prevent the stress reaction during extubation,decrease the degree of restlessness and cough.Intranasal dexmedetomidine(0.8 μ g/kg) is more effective and safe.

BACKGROUND: Recently biodegradable hydrogel has been extensively used to delivery anticancer drug and bioactive macromolecule. However, to protect the activity of the bioactive macromolecule, we need to obtain series of hydrogel which have milder hydrogelation conditions and shorter hydroglation time.OBJECTIVE: To prepare enantiomeric poly(L-Lactic acid) (PLLA)-poly(ethylene glycol (PEG)-PLLA/ poly(D-Lactic acid) (PDLA)-PEG-PDLA stereocomplex hydrogel which has shorter hydroglation time, to physically encapsulate a model drug-lysozyme and sustained release it from the hydrogel. METHODS: Triblock copolymers of PLLA-PEG-PLLA and PDLA-PEG-PDLA were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L(D)-lactide using PEG as the initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. The triblock copolymers were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, FT-IR and X-Ray diffractometry. A hydrogel was prepared from an aqueous mixture of PLLA20-PEG227-PLLA20 and PDLA21-PEG227-PDLA21 (10 wt% concentration) at room temperature for 12 hours. X-Ray diffractometry test was used to research the gelation mechanism. The release profile of the lysozyme as a model drug from the hydrogel was tested. The morphology of the freeze-dried hydrogel was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The cytotoxicity of the hydrogel was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Triblock copolymers of PLLA-PEG-PLLA and PDLA-PEG-PDLA were obtained. Both the PEG and PLA blocks in the copolymers could crystallize, but the crystallization of the PEG block was predominant. The stereocomplex formation between the PLLA and PDLA blocks within the hydrogel was confirmed by the X-Ray diffractometry analysis. The release profile of the lysozyme from the hydrogel exhibited a sustained-release pattern with a duration period of 7 days. The hydrogel exhibited a 3D interconnected porous structure with 50-100 μm pore size after being freeze-dried. The mouse fibroblast cell viability percentage was 99.3% after the cells contacted with the 100% extracted liquid for 72 hours.

OBJECTIVETo study the passive immunization with human monoclonal antibodies as for prophylaxis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.

METHODSFab monoclonal antibodies to HCMV were recovered by repertoire cloning of mRNA from a HCMV infected individual. Antigen binding specificity, CDR sequence of V(H) and V(L) and neutralizing activity on HCMV AD169 stain were analyzed in vitro. The light and heavy chain Fd fragment genes of Fab antibodies were further cloned into a recombinant baculovirus expression vector pAC-kappa-Fc to express intact IgG. Secreted products were purified with affinity chromatography using protein G.

RESULTSSDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed the expression of the intact IgG. Immuno-blotting and -precipitation were used to identify HCMV proteins. One Fab monoclonal antibody recognized a conformational HCMV protein.

CONCLUSIONIgG antibodies can neutralize the HCMV AD169 strain efficiently at a titer of 2.5 microg/mL and may prove valuable for passive immunoprophylaxis against HCMV infection in humans.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytomegalovirus ; immunology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Immunoprecipitation ; Insecta ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of parecoxib on morphine dosage in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) following thoracoscope-assisted thoracotomy.

METHODSA consecutive series of 100 patients undergoing thoracoscope-assisted thoracotomy were randomized into 5 groups and received PCA with morphine doses at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg given in 200 ml saline (groups P(1), P(2), P(3), P(4), and P(5), respectively). Parecoxib (40 mg) was given in all the patients immediately before the operation, and the mixture (4-5 ml) of lidocaine and ropivacaine was administered into the 3 intercostal spaces upper and lower to the incision before chest closure. PCA was administered for each patient. The visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and coughing and the respiratory functional parameters were recorded at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after the start of PCA, and the actual and effective button-pressing times (D(1)/D(2)) in PCA were also recorded.

RESULTSNo patients showed signs of respiratory inhibition within 24 h after the operation, and the resting VAS was comparable between the groups within the initial 6 postoperative hours. At 8 to 24 h postoperatively, the VAS scores at rest and coughing were significantly higher in P(1) group than in the other groups (P<0.05), and no significant differences were found between the groups at 36 to 48 h. D(1)/D(2) in groups P(1) and P(2) were significantly different from those in the other 3 groups at 4-24 h, but no such difference was found between groups P(3), P(4), and P(5).

CONCLUSIONThe application of parecoxib may reduce the dosage of morphine in PCA following thoracoscope-assisted thoracotomy and results in good analgesic effect without affecting the patients respiratory function and sputum elimination.

Adult ; Aged ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Isoxazoles ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphine ; administration & dosage ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy ; Thoracoscopy ; Thoracotomy ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shourong compound formula on treating Parkinson's disease.

METHODParkinson's disease model mice induced by reserpine was used and by HPLC-ED the levels of Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites were determined.

RESULTMadopar could increase the levels of DA in brain of PD mice. The effect of madopar together with Sourong compound formula was better than that of madopar(P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONShourong compound formula together with madopar has synergic effect on increase of DA level in brain and can reduce clinic dose of madopar so that side effect of madopar can be decreased.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Animals ; Benserazide ; pharmacology ; Brain ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid ; metabolism ; Levodopa ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reserpine

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Dimethylformamide ; adverse effects ; Formamides ; analysis ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; physiopathology ; urine ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To elucidate the effects of SP600125 at different concentrations on the proliferation and osteo-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs).Methods The hASCs harvested were cocuhured with SP600125 at concentrations of 0 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L in growth medium (OM group) and in osteogenesis medium (OM group),respectively.The DNA quantitative assay was carried out to evaluate proliferation of the hASCs;flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of SP600125 on the cell cycles of hASCs;Alkaline phosphatase level (ALP) and calcium deposition tests were conducted to observe the effects of SP600125 at different concentrations on osteogenic differentiation of the hASCs.Results The proliferation of hASCs was inhibited by 42.1％ when the cells were cocultured with SP600125 at the concentration of 10 μmol/L;the suppression decreased with decreased concentration of SP600125.The hASCs of phase G0/G1 in GM cocultured with SP600125 at the concentration of 10 μmol/L were more than those in GM cocultured with dimethylsulfoxide at the same concentration.ALP test revealed that after 10 days of culture in vitro the staining was more and more weakened and scattered and the ALP activity was more and more decreased with the increased concentration of SP600125.The extracellular calcium deposition of hASCs after 14 days of culture in vitro showed that the size and number of calcium nodules decreased with the increased concentration of SP600125.Conclusion SP600125 can suppress the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in vitro.

0.05), CGI and HAMA. Safety analysis suggested that no significant differences were found in symptoms and frequency of side effects between the two groups.Conclusion Bupropion hydrochloride tablet is an effective and safe antidepressant. It has similar effect and safety compared with fluoxetine in the treatment of depression.

BACKGROUNDRecent studies showed that aminoglycosides destroyed the cochlear cells and induced ototoxicity by producing reactive oxygen species, including free radicals in the mitochondria, damaging the membrane of mitochondria and resulting in apoptotic cell death. Bcl-x(L) is a well characterized anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. The aim of this study was to determine the potential cochlear protective effect of Bcl-x(L) as a therapeutic agent in the murine model of aminoglycoside ototoxicity.

METHODSSerotype 2 of adeno-associated virus (AAV2) as a vector encoding the mouse Bcl-x(L) gene was injected into mice cochleae prior to injection of kanamycin. Bcl-x(L) expression in vitro and in vivo was examined with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry separately. Cochlear dissection and auditory steady state responses were checked to evaluate the cochlear structure and function.

RESULTSThe animals in the AAV2-Bcl-x(L)/kanamycin group displayed better auditory steady state responses hearing thresholds and cochlear structure than those in the artificial perilymph/kanamycin or AAV2-enhanced humanized green fluorescent protein/kanamycin control group at all tested frequencies. The auditory steady state responses hearing thresholds and cochlear structure in the inoculated side were better than that in the contralateral side.

CONCLUSIONSAAV2-Bcl-x(L) afforded significant preservation of the cochlear hair cells against ototoxic insults and protected the cochlear function. AAV2-mediated Bcl-x(L) might be an approach with respect to potential therapeutic application in the cochlear degeneration.

Aminoglycosides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; toxicity ; Cochlea ; drug effects ; physiology ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Hearing Loss ; chemically induced ; Kanamycin ; toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; bcl-X Protein ; genetics