The study is aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on yield and quality of the Salvia miltiorrhiza. The plant growth regulators was spraying on Salvia plants in July or August in field experiment, then the yield, ingredient content and the antioxidant activity were determined. The results showed that plant growth regulator 'Zhuanggenling' could increase the yield of Salvia with root-planting by 38.45%. Plant growth regulator 'Duoxiaozuo' could increase the yield of Salvia with seedling planting by 14.19%. Both plant growth regulator significantly reduced the antioxidant activity of Salvia in vitro, but they had no significant effect on active ingredient contents.
Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development

To investigate the effect of Tanreqing injection on immune activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer and healthy persons were separated by the density gradient centrifugation method for subsequent experiments, with those from healthy persons as the positive control. The effect of Tanreqing injection on stimulating the proliferation of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was determined by MTT method. The effect of Tanreqing injection on the lymphocyte secretions of IFN-γ and TNF-α and the subset ratio of lymphocytes cultured separately or with Tanreqing injection of different concentrations were examined by ELISA and flow cytometry (FCM) respectively. In addition, the LDH release assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). According to the findings, all of immunological indexes of lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer were weaker than that of healthy persons, but with the obvious increases in proliferation activity and IFN-γ and TNF-α secretions of lymphocytes co-cultured with Tanreqing Injection (P < 0.05). Among lymphocyte subsets co-cultured with Tanreqing Injection, CD3+, CD3+ CD4+ and CD3- CD16 + 56+ cell ratios notably increased, whereas CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell ratio obviously decreased (P < 0.05). In the meantime, Tanreqing injection can markedly promote the cytotoxicities of CTL and NK (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Tanreqing injection shows a significant effect in promoting the immune activity of lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer and their anti-tumor immunity.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; immunology ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; physiopathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) stimulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induces neuron death or apoptosis through the transcription factor NFκB (nuclear factor κB) signal pathway mechanism. Aβ functiones together with microglia and astrocyte to stimulate the inflammatory responsecorrelative with expression ofiNOS, the activation of the NFκB signal pathway and the expression ofiNOS,which results in significant peroxynitrite damage to neurons and the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activation of CD36 signaling in microgila by Aβ fibrils initiates the association of the Src-family kinase Lyn with CD36. Together with another Src kinase, Fyn, Lyn activates a MAPK signaling response and results in the activation of inflammatory programs such as the production of MCP-1 and ROS.In parallel, Syk-family kinase activity specifically regulates increased cytokine production in response to Aβstimulation. After the stimulation, NFκB works independent of Src and Syk activation. Aβ-stimulated microglial secretes TNF-α and O2-, resulting in iNOS overexpression and excessive peroxynitrite and neuronal apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and regulatory mechanism of ILK on angiogenesis in hypertrophic scar.

METHODSThe human scar microvascular endothelial cells (HSMECs) were isolated from 6 patients' hypertrophic scar in vitro. The HSMECs with good condition in 2nd to 4th generation were selected as experimental objectives. (1) HSMECs were divided into the blank control group (treated with routine culture), negative control group (treated with only Lipofectamine 2000), LY294002 group (incubated with 50 nmol/L LY294002), ILK siRNA group (incubated with 20 nmol/L ILK siRNA). RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of ILK mRNA and its protein after transfecion for 48 h. (2) The digested HSMECs of four groups were resuspended with DMEM without serum and then seeded onto the upper compartment of transwell insert which contained complete medium in its lower compartment. The cell migration experiment was stopped in 10 h and then the migrated cells were counted to analyze the effects of different interventions on the migration ability of HSMECs. (3) The thawed ECMatrix was put into each well of pre-colled 48-well tissue culture plate, and then the plate was put into the incubator at 37 degrees C to make it to become gel. The HSMECs of four groups were seeded onto the surface of the ECMatrix gel and were put into incubator. Eight random view-fields per well should be valued by the sheet of pattern recognition about angiogenesis after 8 hours to evaluate the ability of angiogenesis in vitro between four groups.

RESULTS(1) The expression of ILK mRNA (ILK mRNA = 0.829 +/- 0.109, t = 13.151, P = 0.006) and protein (ILK protein = 0.096 +/- 0.049, t = 36.656, P = 0.000) were both inhibited obviously in ILK siRNA group compared with the blank control group (ILK mRNA = 0.829 +/- 0.109, ILK protein = 1). And, the expression of ILK in LY294002 group was slightly lower than that of black control group, but there was no statistical difference. (2) The number of migrated cells in ILK siRNA group (88.111 +/- 3.079) and LY294002 group (138. 667 +/- 2.404) were respectively lower than that in blank control group (322.333 +/- 3.712, P < 0. 05) in 10th hour. (3) Compared to blank control group (4.333 +/- 0.191), the ability of angiogenesis in vitro decreased significantly ILK siRNA group (2.625 +/- 0.125) and LY294002 group (3.125 +/- 0.250), in which, the vascular network structures were not formed perfectly in 8th hour (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe ability of HSMECs' migration and angiogenesis in vitro are inhibited significantly when the expression of ILK is down-regulated. It reveals that ILK may play an role in the regulation of scar angiogenesis.

Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; enzymology ; pathology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lipids ; pharmacology ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; etiology ; pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; RNA, Small Interfering ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

BACKGROUNDFundus changes associated with high myopia (HM) may mask those associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study aim to determine the characteristics of RNFL thickness changes in patients with both POAG and HM and compare these to changes in patients with only HM. The diagnostic capabilities of both OCT and GDxVCC in this subset of patients are also evaluated.

METHODSTwenty-two eyes with POAG and HM (spherical equivalent (SE) between -6.0 and -12.0 D) were evaluated, and 22 eyes with HM were used for comparison. Characteristic retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness profiles in patients with POAG and HM were examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDxVCC), and the diagnostic capabilities of these imaging modalities were compared. RNFL parameters evaluated included superior average (Savg-GDx), inferior average (Iavg-GDx), temporal-superior-nasal- inferior-temporal (TSNIT) average, and nerve fiber indicator (NFI) on GDxVCC and superior average (Savg-OCT), inferior average (Iavg-OCT), nasal average (Navg-OCT), temporal average (Tavg-OCT), and average thickness (AvgThick-OCT) on OCT (fast RNFL scan). Visual field testing was performed and defects were evaluated using mean defect (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD).

RESULTSThe RNFL parameters (P < 0.05) significantly different between groups included Savg-GDx, Iavg-GDx, TSNIT average, NFI, Savg-OCT, Iavg-OCT, Tavg-OCT, and AvgThick-OCT. Significant correlations existed between TSNIT average and AvgThick-OCT (r = 0.778), TSNIT average and MD (r = 0.749), AvgThick-OCT and MD (r = 0.647), TSNIT average and PSD (r = -0.756), and AvgThick-OCT and PSD (r = -0.784). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of TSNIT average, Savg-GDx, Iavg-GDx, NFI, Savg-OCT, Iavg-OCT, Navg-OCT, Tavg-OCT, and AvgThick-OCT were 0.947, 0.962, 0.973, 0.994, 0.909, 0.917, 0.511, 0.906, and 0.913, respectively. The NFI AUROC was the highest value.

CONCLUSIONSRNFL thickness was significantly lower in all but the nasal quadrant in patients with POAG and HM, compared to patients with only HM. Measurements with OCT and GDxVCC were well-correlated, and both modalities detected RNFL thickness changes. However, GDxVCC was better than OCT in detecting POAG in HM patients.

Adult ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia ; pathology ; Nerve Fibers ; pathology ; Retinal Neurons ; pathology ; Scanning Laser Polarimetry ; methods ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; methods

objecfive To know and compare the intelligence level of children born in different time periods in regions with iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Liaoning province.Methods All 7-14 year-old children from ten schools were chosen as the subjects respectively from six villages in each of the six counties and in regions with iodine deficiency,who were respectively born at the initialization of iodinated salt supplying period(1978-1980);non-iodinated salt supplying period(1981-1990);recovery of supplied iodized salt period(1991-1995);universal iodized salt period(1996-2000),respectively.Intelligence quotient(IQ)was measured by Combined Ravens Test in China(CRT-C)and Combined Ravens Test-the Rural,in China,2nd edition(CRT-RC2).Results IQ of children during the non-iodized salt period(91.9±14.3)was significantly lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(95.8±14.6,q=8.60,P<0.01),recovery of supplied iodized salt period(99.7±14.7)was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period(q = 9.53, 18.13, all P < 0.01 ),universal salt iodization( 104.3 ± 14.9) was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period, recovery of supplied salt iodization(q = 20.00,28.00,10.46, all P < 0.01). Children's rate of mental retardation (IQ≤69) was higher in non-iodinated salt supplying period (6.7%, 88/1314 ) than the initial supply of iodized salt (4.4%, 21/471, χ2 = 3.85, P < 0.05), recovery of supplied iodized salt period(3.3%,48/1470) was significantly lower than non-iodinzed salt supplying period (χ2 = 15.37, P < 0.01), universal salt iodization period(2.7%, 36/1344) was lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(χ2 = 4.41, P < 0.05) and non-iodinzed salt supplying period(χ2 = 26.34, P < 0.01 ). The IQ and intelligent retarded rates in children born during the initial years of iodinated salt supplying period were not different. The IQ of the children during ten years of non-iodized salt supplying period fluctuated in a "∪" curve, while the intelligent retardation rates in a "∩" curve.The children born during the period of recovery supplied iodized salt increased their IQ and lowered the retardation rates year after year. The IQ of the children in universal iodized salt period kept on increasing while intelligent retarded rates reduced to the lowest level. Conclusions The intelligence level of children born in regions with IDD during non-iodized salt supplying period is remarkably lower than that of the beginning years of iodinated salt supplying period. The intelligence level of children born after universal iodized salt period is remarkably higher than that of the initial iodinated salt supplying period and recovery of supplied iodized salt period, respectively.

The prognostic value of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase,catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is controversial.We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PIK3CA mutation in patients with ESCC.EMBASE,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception through Oct.3,2016.The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).Seven studies enrolling 1505 patients were eligible for inclusion of the current meta-analysis.Results revealed that PIK3CA mutation was not significantly associated with OS (HR:0.90,95％ CI:0.63-1.30,P=0.591),with a significant heterogeneity (I2=65.7％,P=0.012).Additionally,subgroup analyses were further conducted according to various variables,such as types of specimen,the sample size,technique and statistical methodology.All results suggested that no significant relationship was found between PIK3CA mutation and OS in patients with ESCC.For DFS,there was no significant association between PIK3CA mutation and DFS in patients with ESCC (HR:1.00,95％ CI=0.47-2.11,P=0.993,I2=73.7％).Publication bias was not present and the results of sensitivity analysis were very stable in the current meta-analysis.Our findings suggest that PIK3CA mutation has no significant effects on OS and DFS in ESCC patients.More well-designed prospective studies with better methodology for PIK3CA assessment are required to clarify the prognostic significance of PIK3CA mutation in ESCC patients.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects of close manipulative reduction combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate fixation(MIPPO) and conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

METHODSFrom April 2008 to March 2013, among the 75 patients with fractures of proximal humerus, 26 patients were male and 49 patients were female, ranging in age from 22 to 80 years; 18 patients had injuries caused by traffic accident and 57 patients had injuries caused by falling down. According to Neer classification, there were 49 cases of two-part fractures and 26 cases of three-part fractures. All the patients were divided into two groups: MIPPO group and ORIF group. There were 12 males and 21 females in the MIPPO group,including 22 cases of Neer two parts and 11 cases of Neer three parts, who were treated with close manipulative reduction combined with MIPPO. While the other 42 patients were in the ORIF group,including 16 males and 26 females. Among those patients,27 cases belonged to Neer two parts and 15 cases of Neer three parts, who were treated with ORIF. Length of the incision, blood loss, operating time, early postoperative pain(recorded by VAS), neck-shaft angle of proximal humerus and postoperative function of shoulder(recorded by Constant-Murley score, including pain, function, ROM and muscle length) were compared.

RESULTSThe mean lengths of incision were (6.74 +/- 0.38) cm in MIPPO group and (16.82 +/- 1.74) cm in ORIF group;blood losses were (110.15 +/- 29.49) ml in MIPPO group and (326.19 +/- 59.71) ml in ORIF group; operation times were (48.60 +/- 10.18) min in MIPPO group and (68.84-16.22) min in ORIF group. VAS of patients in MIPPO group on the 1st and 3rd days postoperatively were lower than those of patients in the ORIF group. The postoperative radiographs verified good position of all screws and satisfactory reduction of bone fracture reduction in both groups. All the patients were followed up,and the durig ranged from 8 to 24 months (mean 14.2 months). In the MIPPO group, there was no humeral head necrosis and all patients gained bone union; while in the ORIF group, 3 patients sustained nonunion and received reoperation for bone grafting, and 2 patients sustained humeral head necrosis. The mean Constant-Murley scores of shoulder were 88.94 +/- 2.57 in the MIPPO group and 86.00 +/- 3.36 in the ORIF group.

CONCLUSIONThe close manipulative reduction combined with MIPPO is a better choice for fixation of proximal humerus fractures, compared with conventional plate. This method possesses such advantages as a shorter incision, less disturbance of the blood supply and stable fixation of the fracture, allowing early exercise so that the function of shoulder recovers rapidly.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Humerus ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Euphorbia sororia.

METHODIsolation and purification were carried out by silica gel and Sephadex LH -20 column chromatographies. Compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTTen compounds were isolated from the plant . Their structures were identified as kaempferol (1), scopoletin (2) , kaempferol 3-O-glucopyranoside (3) , quercetin (4) , vanillic acid (5) , E-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (6) , protocatechuic acid (7), 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin (8), beta-sitosterol (9), and daucosterol (10) , respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll the above compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Scopoletin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification