To prepare salvianolic acid phospholipid compound. With the compound of salvianolic acids and soybean phospholipid as the index, mono-factor experiment and orthogonal design experiment were conducted to screen its technical parameters. According to the results, the optimal preparation conditions of salvianolic acid phospholipid compound were that THF were taken as the reaction solvent, the concentration time was 3 h, the reactant concentration was 5 g x L(-1), the mass ratio of salvianolic acids and phospholipid was 1: 1.5, and the reaction temperature was 40 degrees C. The oil/water partition coefficient of the prepared salvianolic acid phospholipid compound significant increased in water and buffers with different pH values. The results of phase analysis such as DSC, XRD and FTIR indicated that salvianolic acids existed in phospholipid in an amorphous state.
Alkenes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Intestinal Absorption ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Polyphenols ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Soybeans ; chemistry ; Temperature

ObjectiveTo investigate whether small epithelial cells (SEC) exist in human hepa- tocellularcarcinoma (HCC) and if so, whether they exhibit immunolabelling for both albumin and cytokeratin 7 (CK7). MethodsThirty cases of human HCC from operative specimens were investi- gated by immunohistochemistry with antibody against albumin, a marker of hepatocyte differentiation and CK7, a marker of biliary differentiation. Ten cases were investigated by electron microscopy and by immuno- electron microscopy. ResultsThe SEC were found in 20 of 30 cases that located around the edges of the tumors and appeared as proliferative small biliary ductules. Under electron microscopy they were of small size, contained sparse cytoplasm, few free ribosomes, intracellular tonofilarnents, and intercellular junctions. Immunoelectron microscopically the SEC exhibited labelling for both albumin and CK7 in 5 out of 10 cases. ConclusionSEC in human HCC are found that represent the same mor- phology like those seen in hepatoblastoma and biliary atresia, co- expressed markers for hepatocytic and biliary differentiation.

Carcinoma in Situ ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of wuling Capsule combined with Pinaverium Bromide in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

METHODSSixty-four IBS patients were randomized into two groups, the treatment group and the control group, 32 in each group. Patients in the treatment group took wuling Capsule (0. 33 g/capsule, 3 times per day) and Pinaverium Bromide (50 mg/tablet, one tablet each time, 3 times per day) , while those in the control group only took Pinaverium Bromide (50 mg/tablet, one tablet each time, 3 times per day). The therapeutic course for all was 6 weeks. IBS symptom score questionnaire, IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) , Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) , and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were assessed before and after treatment. Adverse reactions were also observed.

RESULTSThe improvement of abdominal pain, stool frequency, and stool properties, as well as changing rates of integrals were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0. 05). The improvement of dysphoria, body image, concerns for health, and dietary restriction of IBS-QOL, as well as changing rates of integrals were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0. 05). The improvement of SDS and SAS, as well as changing rates of integrals were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0. 05). No severe adverse reaction occurred in either group.

CONCLUSIONCombination therapy of wuling Capsule and Pinaverium Bromide could improve abdominal pain and defecation, attenuate depression and anxiety of IBS patients with higher safety.

Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Biomedical Research ; Capsules ; Defecation ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Morpholines ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

OBJECTIVETo study regular patterns of cone artifact resulted from interpolation algorithm of spiral CT.

METHODSBased on the principle of interpolation algorithm and back-projection reconstruction, a mathematical model of the reconstructed image was established to clarify the relation of the scanning parameters and the characteristics of the scanned object with the cone artifact. Experiments were carried out by a set of acrylic phantoms on siemens plus 4 CT scanners.

RESULTSThe artifact in the image was directly proportional to the table increment per gantry rotation of the scanner, and was positively correlated to the tangent of half cone-angle and inversely to the radii in the reconstruction plane of the phantom. The theoretical analysis was validated by experimental results.

CONCLUSIONThe cone artifact is related to the scanning parameters and the characteristics of the scanned object.

Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Computer Simulation ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; standards ; Models, Theoretical ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; instrumentation ; methods

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Risk Assessment ; Workplace

Numerous interpolation-based methods have been described for reducing metal artifacts in CT images, but due to the limit of the interpolation methods, interpolation alone often fails to meet the clinical demands. In this paper, we describe the use of quartic polynomial interpolation in reconstruction of the images of the metal implant followed by linear interpolation to eliminate the streaks. The two interpolation methods are combined according to their given weights to achieve good results.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Dental Prosthesis ; Humans ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVEElectron microscopical study of infected cells to identify the pathogenic agent of SARS.

METHODSVero E6 cells infected with lung autopsy samples or nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS patients of Beijing and Guangzhou were inoculated. The supernatant and cultured cells exhibiting identifiable cytopathic effect (CPE) were prepared for electron microscopic study.

RESULTSExamination of CPE cells on thin-section revealed characteristic coronavirus particles within the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles and extracellular space. They were mainly spherical or oval in shape, annular or dense, about 80 nm in diameter. Negative-stain electron microscopy identified coronavirus particles in culture supernatant, 80 - 120 nm in diameter, with club-shaped surface projections. Elongated, rod-, kidney- or other irregular shaped virons with the size of 100 - 200 nm by 60 - 90 nm were also found in the cultured cells infected with the lung samples from the Guangdong patients. Infectious virons entered cells by endocytosis or membrane fusion and released through a budding process.

CONCLUSIONThese data indicate a novel coronavirus as the causative agent of SARS. Most viral particles showed typical characteristics of coronavirus. The potential role of special shape viruses is expected to be further investigated.

Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; SARS Virus ; ultrastructure ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; virology ; Vero Cells