Phytoremediation effectiveness and remediation costs are driving factors of this project. Full utilization of plant resources after their being used for phytoremediation is an unsolved problem. GC/MS technique was used to investigate the volatiles of the flowers from Elsholtzia argyi (PFE1: Purple Flower Elsholtzia) and their variation (WFE: White Flower Elsholtzia), naturally growing in Pb/Zn mined area, and Elsholtzia argyi (PFE2: Purple Flower Elsholtzia), naturally growing in Jiuxi uncontaminated agriculture soil. Seventeen compounds constituting 86.88% of total essential oils were identified in PFE1, with 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester being the main constituent (63.30%). Sixteen compounds accounting for 95.32% of total essential oils were identified in WFE, with caryophyllene being the main component (55.02%). Compared to PFE1, PFE2 contains lower level of 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester (31.76%), which is the main constituent in the total essential oils of PFE2. Caryophyllene is the main ingredient of flavor. Elsholtzia ketone was identified in all the three Elsholtzia plants. It can be concluded that the selected Elsholtzia argyi plants can be exploited on their versatile uses as fragrances and antiseptics due to the perfume ingredient and antibacterial components existing in their essential oils.
Agriculture ; methods ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Flowers ; classification ; metabolism ; Lamiaceae ; classification ; metabolism ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; metabolism ; Species Specificity

A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 micromol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with leaf Cu level. The leaf Glu level negatively correlated with leaf GABA level in Elsholtzia splendens. The depletion of leaf Glu may be related to the enhanced synthesis of leaf GABA under Cu stress.
Copper ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Lamiaceae ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the cardioprotective effect of hemin against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is through the inhibition of calpain activity, and to explore its underlying mechanism.

METHODSSixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8): sham, I/R, MDL+ I/R, MDL, hemin + I/R, hemin, and ZnPP + hemin+ I/R, ZnPP. Iangendorff isolated rat heart perfusion model was used. The rat hearts were suffered from 40 min of ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. After that, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was recorded. Infarct size and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Calpain, heme oxygenase (HO), and caspase 3 activities were evaluated. Expression of calpastatin protein was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) After suffered from ischemia/reperfusion, the calpain activity and caspase 3 activity increased. MDL28170, an inhibitor of calpain, prevented ischemia/reperfusion induced increases in LDH and infarct size, improved the LVDP recovery. (2) Compared with ischema/reperfusion rat hearts, pretreatment of hemin enhanced the HO-1 activity, decreased the calpain and caspase 3 activities, declined LDH release and infarct size, and improved LVDP recovery. (3) Ischemia/reperfusion reduced the expression of calpastatin protein in rat hearts, which was inhibited by hemin pretreatment. And HO-1 inhibitor could abolish the cardioprotection of hemin.

CONCLUSIONCardioprotective effect of hemin against ischemia/reperfusion injury is through the inhibition of calpain activity, the mechanism might be involved in the increase in calpastatin protein expression.

Animals ; Calpain ; metabolism ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Hemin ; pharmacology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; genetics ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; genetics ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Young Adult

Cognition Disorders ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Manganese ; toxicity ; Manganese Poisoning ; epidemiology

Flavonoids are natural products that are ubiquitous in the natural world, with wide physiological activities and low toxic and side effects. In recent years, their anti-tumor effect has caused widespread concern and studies. According to the findings, flavonoids have prominent effects in preventing and treating lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer and so on. Their anti-tumor mechanisms mainly include anti-oxidation, anti-free radical, induction of apoptosis of cancer cells, impact on cell cycle, immune regulation, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, inhibition of COX-2, inhibition of telomerase activity and so on. This article focuses on the advance in domestic and foreign studies on anti-cancer activity and mechanism of flavonoids, in order to provide theoretical basis and research ideas for the further development and clinical application of flavonoids.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans

12E7 Antigen ; Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Nephrectomy ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Venae Cavae ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Wilms Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology

This article firstly established a new efficient method for screening anti-osteoporosis ingredients, which used two-dimensional zebrafish model combined with hyphenated chromatographic techniques to evaluate anti-osteoporosis activities of epimedin A and its metabolite baohuoside I. Adult zebrafish was used for metabolism of epimedin A in 0.5% DMSO, and LC-MS was used for analysis of the metabolite, which was captured by HPLC, and prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model of zebrafish was used to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activities of trace amounts of epimedin A and baohuoside I. The results indicated that epimedin A and baohuoside I can prevent prednisolone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish. The developed method in this paper enables the separation, enrichment and analysis of micro-amount metabolite of epimedin A, and anti-osteoporosis activities in vivo of epimedin A and baohuoside I was simple and efficient screening resorting to zebrafish osteoporosis mode. This paper would provide new ideas and methods for a rapid and early discovery of anti-osteoporosis activities of micro-ingredients and its metabolite of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; Zebrafish

OBJECTIVETo break through the restrictions of the evaluation model and the quantity of compounds by using the two-dimensional zebrafish model combined with chromatographic techniques, and establish a new method for the high-throughput screening of active anti-osteoporosis components.

METHODAccording to the research group-related studies and relevant foreign literatures, on the basis of the fact that the zebrafish osteoporosis model could efficiently evaluate the activity, the zebrafish metabolism model could efficiently enrich metabolites and the chromatographic techniques could efficiently separate and analyze components of traditional Chinese medicines, we proposed that the inherent combination of the three methods is expected to efficiently decode in vivo and in vitro efficacious anti-osteoporosis materials of traditional Chinese medicines.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe method makes it simple and efficient in the enrichment, separation and analysis on components of traditional Chinese medicines, particularly micro-components and metabolites and the screening anti-osteoporosis activity, fully reflects that efficacious materials of traditional Chinese medicines contain original components and metabolites, with characteristic of "multi-components, multi-targets and integral effect", which provides new ideas and methods for the early and rapid discovery of active anti-osteoporosis components of traditional Chinese medicines.

Animals ; Chromatography ; methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Reproducibility of Results ; Zebrafish ; physiology

Clove oil and turmeric oil were absorbed by mesoporous carbon. The absorption ratio of mesoporous carbon to volatile oil was optimized with the eugenol yield and curcumol yield as criteria Curing powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorietry (DSC). The effects of mesoporous carbon on dissolution in vitro and thermal stability of active components were studied. They reached high adsorption rate when the absorption ratio of mesoporous carbon to volatile oil was 1:1. When volatile oil was absorbed, dissolution rate of active components had a little improvement and their thermal stability improved after volatile oil was absorbed by the loss rate decreasing more than 50%. Absorbing herbal volatile oil with mesoporous carbon deserves further studying.
Adsorption ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; methods ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry