Background:Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is an important pathogen for peptic ulcer and gastric cancer,and is reportedly associated with a variety of extragastrointestinal diseases. However,there is no body fluid detection technique for Hp infection in clinical practice. Aims:To identify Hp infection-associated differentially expressed proteins in urine with relative molecular mass more than 10 kDa and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis of Hp infection through body fluid detection. Methods:Midstream urine was collected from volunteers in the morning,and 13 C-urea breath test was performed to determine Hp infection. Each of 15 Hp-negative and 15 Hp-positive urine samples were mixed respectively for protein extraction. Spectra data were acquired by high performance liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometry,and label-free technology was used for relative quantitative analysis. The other 26 urine samples(15 Hp-negative and 11 Hp-positive) were used for validation by full scan. IPA software was employed for bioinformatics analysis. Results:A total of 475 urinary proteins were detected by label-free quantitative analysis and 42 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Finally,11 significantly up-regulated differentially expressed proteins were confirmed by external scanning validation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the molecular functions,biological pathways,and related diseases of these differentially expressed proteins. Conclusions:These 11 differentially expressed proteins more than 10 kDa identified in urine might be potential biomarkers for diagnosis of Hp infection and provide molecular evidence for the correlation of Hp infection with extragastrointestinal diseases.

This paper report the development of a new dosage form - self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films, which can improve the oral bioavailability of water insoluble drugs and have good compliance. A three factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was used for optimizing formulation, investigated the effect of amounts of microcrystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and hypromellose on the weight, disintegration time, cumulative release of indomethacin after 2 min, microemulsified particle size and stretchability. Optimized self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films could fast disintegrate in (17.09 +/- 0.72) s; obtain microemulsified particle size at (28.81 +/- 3.26) nm; and release in vitro at 2 min to (66.18 +/- 1.94)%. Self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films with broad application prospects have good compliance, strong tensile and can be released rapidly in the mouth through fast self-microemulsifying.

Solid carriers had important effects on the properties of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS). In order to make the basis for further development of S-SMEDDS, the influences of silica on the absorption of S-SMEDDS were investigated. An in vitro lipolysis model was used to evaluate the influence of silica on self-microemulsifying drug delivery system digestion from intestinal tract. S-SMEDDS containing silica were prepared by extrusion/spheronization. The drug release and absorption were investigated. The results showed that lipolysis rate and drug concentration in aqueous phase after intestinal lipolysis both increased by adding silica, which was benefit to drug absorption. And silica was not benefit to absorption for slowing drug release. Consistently, there was no significant influence of silica on intestinal absorption. This study implied that the influences of silica on lipolysis rate and drug release were both amount dependent and it is suggested that silica could be used as the solid carrier but the proportion needs to be optimized.

The distribution fate and solubilization behavior of indomethacin through the intestinal tract were investigated with in vitro lipolysis model, by comparing the Capmul MCM and Labrafil M 1944 CS type I lipid formulations. The results showed that the more favorable solubilization was in the aqueous digestion phase from each lipid formulations for indomethacin. The lipolysis rate and extent were decided with chemical constitution of the lipid excipients, which meant that less indomethacin was transferred from the long chain polar oil lipid solution into the aqueous digestion phase. Increasing the concentration of indomethacin in the lipid formualitons from a solution to a suspension led to a linear increase in the concentration of indomethacin attained in the aqueous digestion phase from lipid formulations. This study also implied that adverse effects of the lipolysis rate and extent on drug absorption were could be taken into consideration when screening lipid formulations. Lipid suspensions likely had better enhancement of drug absorption. Last, this study demonstrated that a potential basis for optimizing and assessing type I lipid formulations and also researching in vivo-in vitro correlations of lipid formulations were provided by an in vitro lipolysis model.

A new dynamic in vitro intestinal absorption model for screening and evaluating lipid formulations was established by means of the characteristics of the intestinal digestion and absorption of the lipid formulations. This model was composed of two systems, including intestinal digestion and the intestinal tissue culture, which drew the evaluation method of intestinal absorption into the in vitro lipolysis model. The influence of several important model parameters such as Ca2+, D-glucose, K+ on the two systems of this model has been investigated. The results showed that increasing of Ca2+ concentration could be significantly conductive to intestinal digestion. The increasing of D-glucose concentration could stepped significantly down the decay of the intestinal activity. K+ was able to maintain intestinal activity, but the influence of different concentration levels on the decay of the intestinal activity was of no significant difference. Thus the model parameters were set up as follows: Ca2+ for 10 mmol x L(-1), D-glucose for 15 mmol x L(-1) and K+ for 5.5 mmol x L(-1). Type I lipid formulation was evaluated with this model, and there was a significant correlation between the absorption curve in vitro and absorption curve in vivo of rats (r = 0.995 6, P < 0.01). These results demonstrated that this model can be an attractive and great potential method for the screening, evaluating and predicting of the lipid formulations.

Simvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug that inhibits hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase to control elevated cholesterol,or hypercholesterolemia.Previous studies have shown that simvastatin may attenuate inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion injury and sepsis.Herein,we hypothesized that simvastatin may prevent rats from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock.In our study,rats were divided into a saline group,an LPS group and an LPS plus simvastatin group.Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with simvastatin (1 mg/kg) for 30 min before the addition of LPS (8 mg/kg),with variations in left ventricular pressure recorded throughout.Ninety min after LPS injection,whole blood was collected from the inferior vena cava,and neutrophils were separated from the whole blood using separating medium.The neutrophils were then lysed for Western blotting to detect the levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).In addition,mesentery microcirculations of inlet diameter,outlet diameter and blood flow rate were measured in all three groups.The results indicated that simvastatin significantly promoted heart systolic function and increased the level ofuPA while simultaneously inhibited the expression of PAI-1 as compared with LPS group.Moreover,simvastatin reversed the LPS-induced inhibition of mesentery microcirculation.Taken together,it was suggested that simvastatin can effectively protect the rats from LPS-induced septic shock.

Objective To research the differential expression of trace phosphorylated proteins in human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial (AGS) cells infected by Helicobacter pylori. Methods H. pylori 26695 strain infected AGS cells 4 h and AGS cells was cultivated for 4 h as a comparison. The proteins of AGS and comparison AGS cells were extracted. Their phosphorylated proteins were enriched by metal ion af-finity adsorption enrichment techniques. After desalinated and purified the phosphorylated proteins samples were separated by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique. Computer assisted image analysis was used to analyze the differential proteomic expression. The significantly differentially ex-pressed proteins were unambiguously assigned identities by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Results Fifteen kinds of proteins were down-regulated, 4 kinds of new proteins were observed, 1 kind of proteins were up-regulated, 1 kind of proteins unexpression. The 21 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed , including cellular calcium ion homeostasis, transcription, interpretation, protein folding and transport, ribosomal assembly, centrosome replication, chromosome stability, cellular structure, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusion H. priori can cause a wide range change to human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cell protein pheshorylation. This change character has great significance to further comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori.

Patients who are diagnosed with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) usually have ventilation-perfusion mismatch, severe decrease in lung capacity, and gas exchange abnormalities. Health care workers have implemented various strategies in an attempt to compensate for these pathological alterations. By rotating patients with ALI/ARDS between the supine and prone position, it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2, decrease shunting and therefore improve oxygenation without use of expensive, invasive and experimental procedures. Prone positioning is a safe and effective way to improve ventilation when conventional strategies fail to initiate a patient response. Because a specific cure for ARDS is not available, the goal is to support the patients with therapies that cause the least amount of injury while the lungs have an opportunity to heal. Based on current data, a trial of prone positioning ventilation should be offered to the patients who have ALI/ARDS in the early course of the disease. Published studies exhibit substantial heterogeneity in clinical results, suggesting that an adequately sized study optimizing the duration of proning ventilation strategy is warranted to enable definitive conclusions to be drawn.
Acute Lung Injury ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Prone Position ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Time Factors

To determine the distribution and drug resistance tendency of Gram-negative bacillus so as to provide a reasonable selection for antibiotic in clinical treatment.The clinical isolates bacillus were mainly Gram-Negative bacillus during three years.The detection out ratio for Gram-Negative bacillus had decreased gradually but the ratio for non-fermental gram-negative bacillus had increased.The combinations of antibiotic and enzyme inhibitor has more antibacterial activity to non-fermental gram-negative bacillus than antibiotic.The detection out ratio for ESBLs had gradually increased.

Objective To explore the risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin(RLH) level among students from 6 to 13 years old, and to formulate strategies and policies in this regard. Methods Surveillance on hemoglobin concentration was conducted among 71 742 students aged from 6 to 13y between 2013-2014 based on the annual physical examination for primary and middle school in Minhang District.Of those students, 670 were diagnosed with low hemoglobin level according to WHO criteria.A 1 ︰ 1 matched case-control study was conducted based on gender, age and school type.Questionnaire surveys for data collection were analyzed using Cox′s proportional hazards regression. Results Factors as pregnancy anemia(OR=2.32, 95%CI:1.49-3.63), non-pregnancy anemia(OR=4.65, 95%CI:1.22-17.69), maternal anemia(OR=2.51, 95%CI:1.50-4.21), drinking strong tea(OR=2.56, 95%CI:1.27-5.13) and dietary bias(OR=1.94, 95%CI:1.45-2.59) were risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level.Chewing pencils(OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.25-2.59) or toys(OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.10-2.86) and wasting(OR=3.37, 95%CI:1.11-10.21)might be the risk factors. Conclusion The risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level among students aged from 6 to 13 years are related to maternal anemia status and their dietary habits.We should strengthen education for women of child-bearing age, and help to develop healthy eating practices for their babies.Emaciated students should be focused on in this regard.