Objective To find out demography characteristic and risk behaviors of occupation groups and to evaluate the effect of health education. Methods A baseline survey was conducted among occupation groups in the western part of Liaoning province by stratified random cluster sampling. Health education started to intervene in occupation groups in Linghai city of Liaoning province. An investigation of brucellosis related behaviors was carried out before and after a health education among occupation groups. Other occupational groups were as the control group. The research on high-risk behaviors of occupation groups was in the following eight aspects: protection taken when contact with abortion livestock, timely slaughter and burying deeply of sick animals, not selling sick animals do not eat dead meat, nor drink raw milk, do not eat raw meat, and immunity of livestock. Results Before the intervention, a total of 916 objects, of which intervention group 499 and control group 417 were investigated. The high-risk behaviors of brucellosis were not significantly different between the two groups[70.9% (354/499), 64.3%(321/499 ), 53.8% (268/499), 92.2% (460/499), 82.2% (410/499 ), 87.5% (437/499), 93.6% (467/499), 56.2%(280/499) in intervention group, 68.8% (287/417), 59.2% (247/417 ), 54.7% (228/417), 89.2% (372/417 ), 85.6%(360/417) ,885%(369/417),94.0%(392/417),55.9%(233/417) in control group, all P ＞ 0.05]. After the intervention,a total of 908 survey objects, of which intervention group 499 and control group 409, were investigated. The above eight aspects of high-risk behaviors in the intervention group were 85.4% (426/499),79.0% (394/499),69.9%(349/499),96.4%(481/499),943%(471/499),94.9%(474/499),94.0%(469/499), 99.4%(496/499), respectively; in the control 66.8% (273/409),57.3% (234/409),50.1% (205/409),85.3% (349/409),88.8% (363/409),89.5%(366/409) ,90.1% (369/409), and 57.2% (234/409), respectively. Between the two groups, the difference was statistically significant (x2 = 43.991,49.833,37.111,35.032,9.537,9.826,4.485,253.808, all P ＜ 0.05 ). The above seven aspects of high-risk behaviors except do not eat raw dairy at the beginning of intervention were compared with those of after the intervention, the differences were statistically significant (x2 = 30.426,26.284,27.854,7.364,36.027,17.238,9270.286, all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Health education intervention can significantly improve the behavior change rate of occupational groups at high risk of brucellosis, and the education intervention is worthwhile to communicate and promote.

Gout ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

[Objective]To explore the roles of TIDC(tumor infiltrating dendritic cell)and TIL-T(tumor infiltrating T lymphocyte)in tumor immunity of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma(EBVaGC)and their clinical significance.[Methods]TIDC and TIL-T in EBVaGC(n=49)and EBVnGC(EBV-negative gastric carcinoma)(n=20)were detected by immunohistochemistry method and then their subtypes and their relationships with clinical and pathological factors were analyzed.[Results]Mild infiltration was detected in 29 of 49(59.2%)EBVaGCs and 18 of 20(90%)EBVnGCs,while marked infiltration of TIDC was detected in 20 of 49(40.8%)EBVaGCs and 2 of 20(10%)EBVnGCs.And the difference between the two groups was significant (P=0.013).The number of TIL-T in EBVaGC was hisher than that in EBVnGC(P=0.017),and most of them were CTLs.The number of TIL-T was positively correlated with that of TIDC(r=0.386,n=49,P=0.006).The degree of TIL-T infiltration in EBVaGC had negative relationship with the lymph node metastasis(P＜0.001),while TIDC had no relationship with the clinical features.[Conclusion]TIDC and TIL-T may play important roles in the tumor immunity of EBVaGC;TIDC may contribute to the TIL-T recruitment in EBVaGC.

Congresses as Topic ; Otolaryngology ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; surgery

Objective To analyze the differences of video laryngoscope, direct laryngoscopy and fibreoptic bron﹣choscope nasal intubation on hemodynamics, inflammatory and stress response. Methods 117 patients underwent surgery from November 2013 to March 2015 were chose as research subjects and randomly divided into video laryn﹣goscope group, direct laryngoscopy group, fiberoptic bronchoscope group based on different cannula enrolled way. Then compared the hemodynamics, inflammation, stress level after intubation among the three groups. Results Com﹣pared with the T0, the three groups patients' systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin -6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), norepinephrine (NE), plasma cortisol (Cor), angiotensinⅡ(ATⅡ) differences had no significant difference (P>0.05);compared with direct laryn﹣goscopy group, video laryngoscope group, fiberoptic bronchoscope group patients' T1, T2, T3 SBP, DBP, HR, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, NE, Cor, ATⅡ levels were lower; compared with the video laryngoscope group, optical fiber bron﹣choscopy group patients SBP, DBP, HR, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, NE, Cor, ATⅡ low levels at T1, T2, T3 were lower (P<0.05). Conclusions Fibreoptic bronchoscope nasal intubation has less influence on patients, will not cause severe stress and inflammatory response, it is one of the ideal instrument anesthesia induction intubation.

Objective: To understand the relationship between mental health status and vision-related quality of life( VRQL ) of students with moderate and high myopia, and to provide basis for the optimization of VRQL. Methods: Using convenient sampling method, the 8-18 years old students with moderate and high myopia were selected from Sichuan, Chongqing and Zhejiang. The mental health status and VRQL of students with moderate and high myopia were evaluated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Quality of Life Scale for Ametropia. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for VRQL. Results: A total of 360 questionnaires were sent out and 354 were effectively recovered, with an effective rate of 98.33%. There were 116 ( 32.77% ) boys and 238 ( 67.23% ) girls; the median age was 16.65 years old. There were 211 ( 59.60% ) cases of moderate myopia and 143 (40.40%) cases of high myopia.There were 141 ( 39.83% ) found to be anxious and 176 ( 49.72% ) depressed. The median score of Quality of Life Scale for Ametropia was 64. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex ( β＇= -0.179 ), diopter ( β＇= 0.208 ), eyesight with glasses ( β＇= -0.229 ) and anxiety ( β＇= 0.439 ) were influencing factors for VRQL. Conclusion The mental health problems of the students with medium and high myopia are prominent; anxiety has a significant impact on the VRQL of the students.

Penaeidin-2 (Pen-2) is an important antimicrobial peptide derived from the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, and possesses both antibacterial and antifungal activities. Recent studies suggest that recombinant penaeidins show similar activities to the native Pen-2 protein. Previous researches have shown that some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. To date, there have been no studies on the antitumor effects of Pen-2. This study evaluated the potential of recombinant pen-2 (rPen-2) in the selective killing of kidney cancer cell lines ACHN and A498, and its action mechanism. MTT assays found the maximal growth inhibition of HK-2, ACHN and A498 cells treated with 100 μg/mL rPen-2 at 48 h was 13.2%, 62.4%, and 70.4%, respectively. DNA-specific fluorescent dye staining showed a high percentage of apoptosis on cancer cells. Flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis rate of HK-2, ACHN and A498 cells was 15.2%, 55.2%, and 61.5% at 48 h respectively, suggesting that rPen-2 induced higher apoptosis rate in cancer cells than in HK-2 cells. Laser confocal scanning microscopy demonstrated that the plasma membrane was the key site where rPen-2 interacted with and destroyed tumor cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the morphologic changes of the cell membranes of kidney cancer cells treated with rPen-2. These results suggest that rPen-2 is a novel potential therapeutic agent that may be useful in treating kidney cancers.

In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics parameters of SPIO-shRNA dual functional molecular probe and observed the main organ distribution by MRI in vivo. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe, respectively. The blood samples were collected to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters by measuring the iron content at 30 minutes before and after the injection. Twenty-four Kun Ming (KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group was injected intravenously with physiological saline 200 µL per mouse via the tail vein, the other 3 groups were injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. MRI observation was performed in 24 hours, and the liver, spleen, kidney, brain and muscle were collected for iron quantification with Prussian blue staining to determine distribution of the SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in the main organ in vivo. Our results suggest that the molecular probe blood half-life is more than 3 hours. The data of MRI suggest the probe was distributed in liver and spleen, and the MRI signal was reduced with the increase in probe's doses (P < 0.05). The results of Prussian blue staining confirmed the results of MRI. Most of the probe could escape the phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocyte system. Our data provide the pharmacokinetic and distribution of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in organs. Meanwhile, it suggests the choice of the time and dose of probe for MR imaging of tumor in vivo.
Animals ; Half-Life ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Molecular Probes ; pharmacokinetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; chemistry ; Rabbits

Examination reform was explored in Introduction to clinical medicine, and a new evaluation system was constructed which included the combination of formative assessment and sum-mative assessment as well as content system, operation system and monitoring system. The feedback mechanism of formative assessment was put into a full use to improve the teaching effect in this new evaluation system. At the same time, the method of summative assessment was substituted from the traditional closed-book exam to literature translation and presentation carried out by groups. The com-bination of summative assessment and formative assessment could evaluate the teaching efficiency of introduction to clinical medicine more comprehensively and objectively. In addition, it played an ac-tive role in improving students' comprehensive ability and their learning enthusiasm.

BACKGROUND: Xiaohuoluo pill can expel pathogenic wind, remove dampness and activate collaterals. It is used for treatment of Bi-syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness, pain and numbness in limbs.OBJECTIVE: To observe the pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity (including cellular immunity and humoral immunity), non-specific immunity [including complement 3(C3), mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and red blood cell (RBC)adhesion function] and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.DESIGN: A randomized controlled stratified trial.SETTING: Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice of 6 to 8 weeks were involved in this trial. Xiaohuoluo pills (components: Dannanxing, Zhichuanwu, Zhicaowu, Dilong, Ruxiang and so on; Chenli Pharmaceutical Factory,Guangzhou; Brach No. 19980612) were used in this trial. Rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 antiserum reagent kit (Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health) and reagent kit for measuring the antioxidizing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (Jiancheng Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing) were used.METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health during September 1998 to December 1999. ① To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on cock red blood cell (CRBC)-induced secondary immune response: Eight-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected.Twenty of 84 mice served as blank controls; The other 64 mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophos-phamide (CY) of 0.2 g/kgonce. On the 4th and 12th days, CRBC was intraperitoneally injected into the mice twice to induce immunoenhancing pathological models to form secondary immune response. Mice served as blank controls were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline; The immunoenhanced mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=20, CY, 40 mg/kg, intragastric administration, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=21, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (n=20, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.); once a day within 7 successive days. 19 days later, the levels of serum IgG and C3 were measured with single immunodiffusion method, and the level of circulating immune compound (CIC) was measured with polyethylene glycol precipitation method. ② To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH): Fifty-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected. On the 1st day, the mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of 10 g/L 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzen e (DNFB) of 50 μL for each. On the 4th day, the sensitized mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: Prednisone group (n=18, prednisone, 0.01 g/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=18, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.), model group (n=18, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), all once a day within 7 successive days. 11 days later, 10 g/L DNFB of 25μL was spread on the right ear of each mouse in each group. The swelling degree was calculated 24 hours later (The mass difference between right ear and left ear). ③ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on immune adhesion function of RBC of mouse: Thirty-six NIH mice, male and female in half, were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=12, CY, 20 mg/kg,I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=12, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.)and blank control group (n=12, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days. 7 days later, blood was taken from the orbit of mice for calculating the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and the rosette rate of RBC immune compound. ④ To observe the suppressive effect o20 Mg/kg, I.g.),Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) , once a day within 7 successive days; IgM-type hemolytic concentration (HC50)was measured at 2 hours after the last administration on the 7th day [ (Sample absorption / Absorption at HC50 of CRBC) ×diluted time]. The levels of serum C3 and MDA and the activity of SOD were measured according to the method from corresponding reagent kit. ⑥ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on agar granulation tissue hyperplasia in mice:Fifty-nine NIH mice were selected and given subcutaneous injection of 20 g/L agar of 0.5 mL for each. 24 hours later, the mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac, 10 mg/kg,I.g..), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days; On the 8th day, the mice were sacrificed. The hyperplasiainhibiting effect was presented in the form of the mass of agar granulation tissue in one kilogram body mass ⑦ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on acetic distortion reaction: Sixty-three NIH mice were se lected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac,50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg,I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.),once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, the mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mol/L acetic acid of 0.2 mL for each one. The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes were counted. ⑧ To observe the effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on the acute exudative inflammation evoked by dimethylbenzene, croton oil and carrageenan, and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates:Totally 219 NIH mice were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot:diclofenac group (diclofenac, 50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.) once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, dimethylbenzene of 25 μL was spread on the right ear for 20 minutes, or croton oil of 25 μL was also spread on the right ear, 4 hours later, the swelling of right ear was calculated (mass of right ear-mass of left ear). 10 g/L carrageenan of 20 μL was subcutaneously injected into the right foot, 3 hours later, the swelling degree was calculated (The difference of right foot and left foot); and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates was measured. ⑨ t test(t' test for heteroscedasticity) was used for comparing the difference in measurement data among groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity, non-specific immunity and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.RESULTS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice were involved in result analysis. ① The level of IgG and CIC of mice in the model group was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups respectively (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01). ② The swelling degree of mice in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group respectively ( both P ＜ 0.01). ③ The rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and RBC immune compound in the blank control group was significantly higher than that in the other 2 gro ups respectively (P ＜ 0.01). ④ The phagocytic index (K value )in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group, respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).⑤ IgM-type HC50 and the level of serum MDA of CY group and Xiaohuoluo pills group were obviously lower than those in the immune control group (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was higher than that of immune control group, there was no significant difference in the activity of serum SOD between CY group or Xiaohuoluo pills group and immune control group (P ＞ 0.05). ⑥The ratio of agar granulation tissue mass to body mass in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P ＜ 0.01).⑦ The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group were signifi cantly less than those of model group(P ＜ 0.01,0.05).⑧The ear swelling degree of dimethylbenzene-induced inflammatory models and croton oil-induced inflammatory models,and foot swelling degree of carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory models as well as the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the diclofenac group were significantly milder or lower than those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01),and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Xiaohuoluo pills possess pharmacological effects of immunosuppression, anti-proliferative inflammation, analgesia and antioxidation.