Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Microsatellite Instability ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Child ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Recurrence

Objective To investigate the changes of silver-stainng protein of nuclear organizer regions(AgNORs)expression of T lymphocytes and helper T (Th) cell subsets in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cancer patients and to analyze the relationship between them.Methods AgNORs expression in T cells activated by a multiple clonal activator was examined using a special image system. After activation of PBMC with ionomycin plus PMA for 5 h, both interferon-? (IFN ?) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)producing cell frequencies were detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). The stimulated with ionomycin plus PMA for 24 h, the IFN ?-and IL-4-production were assayed by ELISA.Resuts AgNORs expression of activated T cells in PBMC from cancer patients (n=86) and healthy persons (n=44) was (4.90?1.20) I.S% and (7.82?1.28) I.S% respectively. Th2 frequency was significantly higher and the ratio of Th1 to Th2 frequency was more lower in cancer patient group. Moreover, the IFN ? and IL-4 production in cancer patient group were changed in the way similar to Th subset frequencies. In lung cancer patients the AgNORs expression, Th1 frequency, Th1/Th2 ratio and IFN ? production were significantly decreased in metastasis or in recurrence status,AgNORs expression in cancer patients correlated with their Th1 frequencies, Th1/Th2 ratio, IFN ? production levels and Karnofsky′s estimators.Conclusions In analyzed cancer patient cases, the expression of AgNORs and the function of Th1 cell were significantly decreased and correlated.

Objective To investigate the application of PBL and LBL teaching in medical imag-ing teach-ing. Methods Totally 124 five-year clinical students were divided into two groups:PBL teaching (n=57)and LBL teaching(n=67). Teaching in PBL group was conducted through the following 6 proce-dures:grouping-giving cases-asking questions-establishing hypothesis-collecting data-hypoth-esis testing-team summarizing. Teaching in LBL group was conducted mainly by teachers with multime-dia, course-ware,wall charts,models,samples,etc and finally summarized by teachers. Effect was eval-uated by reading test,closed-book exam and questionnaire survey. t test was employed to do statically analysis,with P≤0.05 being statistical differences. Results Reading test score ((82.4±14.8)vs (74.5±9.7))and case analysis score((13.9±5.1)vs (10.2±6.1))were higher in PBL group than in LBL group(P≤0.05). Most students in PBL group appreciated the teaching method. Conclusions PBL teaching can help improve the clinical analysis of students and is welcomed by students. Moreover, PBL,as a supplement of traditional teaching,can initiate the learning interests and enhance the innova-tion of students.

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of vascularized pisiform transfer for patients with Kienb(o)ck's disease in Lichtman stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Methods Eleven patients were reviewed to analyze results after lunate resection and vascularized pisiform transfer for Lichtman stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ. There were six men and five women. Age ranged from 20 to 67 years with a average of 41.0±14.3 years. According to Lichtman stage. There were 4 cases in stage Ⅲa, 5 cases in stage Ⅲb, and 2 cases in stage Ⅳ. Assessment criteria included subjective assessment of pain, visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), grip power,Cooney wrist score and radiographic changes on each follow-up visit. The radiographic changes including pis iform bone location, shape, sclerosis change, osteoarthritis, carpal height ratio, Nattrass index, Radioscaphoid angle and ulnar variance were recorded. Results The follow-up periods of all of cases were 61-202 months,with an average of 104.1 months. Pain had improved in 10 patients and disappeared in 7 cases. The VAS score was 2.2±1.9 at follow-up visit. Range of motion of injured wristw as only 65.3% of opposite side. Grip power was 84.3% of the contralateral hand. According to Cooney score, the results were excellent in 1 case, good in 7cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 1 case, with the excellent and good rate of 72.7%. Radiologically, 8 cases had normal position of the pisiform bone, 2 had volar displacement and 1 had ulnar displacement which leaded to widen scaphopisiform space. Six pisiform bones had normal trabecular structure, three had degenerative changes. Bone sclerosis was seen in 2 cases and osteoarthritis was found in 3 patients. Compared with radiographic parameter before surgery, carpal height ratio and Nattrass index significantly lowered and radioscaphoid angle significantly increased. Conclusion Lunate resection and vascularized pisiform transfer is an effective method for Kienb(o)k′s disease in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Although carpal collapse appeared postoperatively,the results show high patient satisfaction and good function after vascularized bone transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the technique and therapeutic effect of bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in young children. Methods:From June 2006 to June 2012,45 young children with femoral shaft fractures were treated by bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion,which was designed according to arch bridge mechanical principle and structure. There were 31 males and 14 females with an average age of 3.2 years old ranging from 8 months to 5.5 years old; 14 cases were upper 1/3 femoral fractures,26 cases were middle 1/3 femoral fractures,5 cases were lower 1/3 femoral fractures; 20 cases were transverse fractures, 14 cases were oblique fractures,6 cases were spiral frac- tures, and 5 cases were comminuted fractures. X-ray, follow-up imaging changes,clinical curative effect and complications were assessed.

RESULTSForty-five patients were followed up for 6 to 21 months (averaged 12 months). All fractures were reached clinical bone healing after 5 to 7 weeks (averaged 6 weeks) fixation. Seven cases appearred limb soft tissue complications, including buttocks bedsore,dorsal foot and Achilles tendon epidermal necrosis, and healed after dressing and removal of external fixation. During follow-up,the original overlap angle and lateral displacement were remodeled, and limbs were restored to the normal line of force and bone structure. According to Flynn standard, 35 cases got excellent results, 8 cases good, 2 cases fair.

CONCLUSIONThe bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral. shaft fractures in young children (less than 6 years old) is safe,feasible, simple,and has raliable effect, which can be applied in primary hospitals.

Ankle ; surgery ; Bone Wires ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Femur ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To identify the Para-Bombay blood group on the basis of its serological characteristics .Methods ABO blood typing , H antigen detection , absorption and elution test , and saliva neutralization test were conducted for serological identification of ABO blood group .PCR-SSP was used to sequence FUT1 and FUT2 genes.Results Results of ABO genotyping of eight individuals of the Para-Bombay blood group were consistent with results of their serological blood typing.Among these cases, there were 3 cases of Amh,4 cases of Bmh,and 1 case of Abmh.The results of their FUT1 genotyping were h1h1 in 3 cases, h2h2 in 2 cases and h1h2 in 3 cases.Conclusion The differentce of agglutination intensity between Ac and Bc in reverse ABO blood typing and abnormal Oc agglutination is of greet significance for Para -Bombay blood group.

Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate the roles of internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SL-NB) in the treatment of breast cancer patients with clinically positive axillary lymph nodes. Methods:This study is a one-armed clini-cal research conducted from June 2013 to October 2014. A total of 64 breast cancer patients from Shandong Cancer Hospital with clini-cally positive axillary lymph nodes were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Meanwhile, IM-SLNB was performed in all patients using the new injection method of radiotracer. Results:Among the 64 enrolled patients, the visual-ization rate of internal mammary lymph node was 59.4%(38/64). For the 38 patients who were subjected to visualization of the internal mammary node, the detection rate was 100%(38/38), and the incidence of complications was 7.9%(3/38). The metastasis rate of inter-nal mammary lymph node was 21.1%(8/38). Patients with upper inner quadrant tumors and metastasis of more axillary lymph nodes had a significantly higher chance of developing sentinel lymph node metastasis (P<0.001 and P=0.017, respectively) than the other pa-tients. The clinical benefit rate of the above mentioned treatment was 59.4%. Among the patients, 12.5%(8/64) received extra internal mammary radiotherapy, whereas 46.9%(30/64) patients avoided the unnecessary internal mammary radiotherapy. Conclusion:IM-SL-NB should be performed in breast cancer patients with clinically positive axillary lymph nodes because IM-SLNB could provide the ac-curate indication of radiation to the internal mammary area, especially for the patients with upper inner quadrant tumors and those with a suspiciously high level of axillary lymph node metastasis.

The complete chloroplast genome of medicinal plant Asarum caudigerum Hance and its close relative A. cardiophyllum Franchet were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq technology, and assembled, annotated, and characterized by bioinformatic methods in this study. Then phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of A. caudigerum, A. cardiophyllum, and twelve published species was conducted. The results indicated that the chloroplast genomes ranged from 186 215-186 985 bp in length, with a large single copy (LSC, 89 445-90 169 bp) and two inverted repeats (IRa/IRb, 48 387-48 408 bp). The overall GC content was 37.4%-37.5%. A total of 144 chloroplast genes were annotated, including 98 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. In addition, complex genomic rearrangements were detected in the chloroplast genome of Asarum. Meanwhile, visual evaluation of the discrete type of the sequence indicated that the variation level of non-coding region was higher than that of coding region. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that A. caudigerum and A. cardiophyllum were clustered into a single clade and A. cardiophyllum, A. sieboldii var. seoulense, A. misandrum and A. maculatum were clustered into another single branch. These two clade were sister species. This study provides a scientific basis for the identification, phylogenetic relationship, molecular breeding of Asarum species.

Objective To observe the effect of butylphthalide injection on neurological function and plasma fibrinogenin in patients with progressive cerebral infarction.Methods Seventy-eight patients with progressive cerebral infarction were randomly divided into control group (n =39) and treatment group (n =39).Control group was orally given clopidogrel 300 mg + aspirin 100 mg on first day,qd,and orally given clopidogrel 75 mg + aspirin 100 mg on 2-14 d,qd.On the basis of control group,treatment group was treated with butylphthalide and sodium chloride injection 100 mL,bid,interval time ≥ 6 h,intravenous drip.All the patients were treated for 2 weeks.The clinical effect,the levels of plasma fibrinogen (Fib),D-dimer (D-D),platelet count (PC),mean platelet volume (MPV),endothelin-1 (ET-1),nitric oxide (NO),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),the National institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS),Barthel index(BI) score,and the incidence of adverse drug reactions in two grousp were compared.Results After treatment,the improved rates in control group and treatment group were 74.36％ (29 cases/39 cases),92.31％ (36 cases/39cases),with significant difference (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of Fib in treatment group and control group were (2.75 ± 1.04) and (3.58 ± 1.20) g · L-1,the D-D were (0.71 ± 0.34) and (0.98 ± 0.39) mg · L-1,the PC were (157.42 ± 10.28) × 109/L and (165.35 ± 11.47) × 109/L,the MPV were (10.41 ± 1.21)and(11.98 ±1.35)fL,the ET-1 were(61.24 ±9.84) and(70.26 ± 10.07)ng · mL-1,the VEGF were(143.69 ± 25.87) and (210.03 ± 28.68) ng · mL-1,the NO were (65.34 ± 13.27) and (53.26 ± 12.45)U · mL-1,the NIHSS were 4.19 ±2.05 and 6.41 ±2.26,the BI scores were 46.15 ±5.97 and 40.82 ±5.34,all with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions were nausea,vomiting,rash and head discomfort in treatment group,with the incidence of 15.38％.The adverse drug reactions were nausea,vomiting and fever in control group,with the incidence of 12.82％.There was no difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of butylphthalide is great in the treatment of progressive cerebral infarction patients,and can improve the nerve defect and vascular endothelial function,reduce the content of fibrinogen in plasma with high safety.