italic>γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter found in various cells in the human body. While the GABAergic system is typically associated with the nervous system, recent research has revealed that immune cells and tumor cells also express components of this system. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), GABA is secreted to act extracellularly on other cells. GABA is metabolized via the GABA shunt and is involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by generating succinate, which can provide energy for tumor cells. Activation of GABA receptors (GABARs) is a major pathway through which GABA participates in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. The activation of GABA type A receptors (GABA_ARs) can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells, elicit anti-inflammatory macrophages, and promote tumor cell growth and migration, while activation of GABA type B receptors (GABA_BRs) is generally considered to inhibit cancer cell migration and induce cancer cell apoptosis. In general, receptor activation inhibits immune cells, but the effect on tumor cells varies. Additionally, the downregulation of the expression levels of GABA transporters (GATs) is involved in tumor progression. Although antagonists of GABA metabolism and drugs that act on GABA receptors are considered therapeutic drugs for tumors, there have been few clinical studies conducted on them.

OBJECTIVETo establish the method for determining polysorbate 80 in Reduning injection by HPLC-ELSD, and to control the mass of polysorbate 80 in Reduning injection.

METHODIt was performed by HGPC-ELSD with TOSHTSK-GEL G4000PWxl (7.8 mm x 300 mm, 10 μm). Water was used as mobile phase, the flow rate was 0.7 mL x min(-1), and the temperature was set at 30°C. The evaporated light scattering detector was adopted. The drift tube temperature was 55°C, and nitrogen was used as carrier gas, with the flow rate of 2.0 L x min(-1) and gain of 1.0.

RESULTThe calibration curve showed good linearity of polysorbate 80 in the test range from 1.01 to 15.20 g x L(-1) (r2 = 0.999 3). The recovery rate was 98.10% with RSD of 2.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable and suitable for the determination of polysorbate 80 in Reduning injection.

Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Injections ; Polysorbates ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical effects and superiority of applying external fixation and bone transport to treat osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone.

METHODSFrom August 2008 to December 2013,16 patients with osteomyelitis and bone defect of femoral bone were treated including 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 42 years old ranging from 13 to 62 years old. The average course of disease was 18 months ranging from 2 months to 4.5 years, and the average length of bone defect was 7.8 cm ranging from 4.5 to 15 cm. The bone defect of all cases were treated by external fixation and bone transport, the bone transport began at 1 week after operation, 1 mm per day and 4 times per day.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 10 to 36 months (means 22.5 months). One patient did not cooperate with treatment leads to the failure, then took the amputation. The remaining 15 cases of osteomyelitis were under control, including 12 cases of bone transport achieved one stage bone union, 3 cases achieved bone union via bone graft from iliac bone. The bone union time was 5 to 13 months(means 7.9 months). Thirteen patients almost obtained the same length of two lower extremities,2 patients had shortening of 1.5 to 2 cm. The time of moving the external fixation was from 6 to 16 months (means 9.3 months).

CONCLUSIONApplication of external fixation and bone transport is an effective method in treating the osteomyelitis and bone defect that can control the infection, eradicate wounds, and be the equalization of limb length.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; External Fixators ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; surgery

A 42-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for an 11-month history of pustular lesions of the mouth and lips as well as a 5-month history of pustules,ulcer,proliferative plaques on the head,neck and trunk.She had suffered from 8 years of ulcerative colitis.Dermatological examination revealed mild erosion of eyelids,swelling of buccal mucosa and oral lips,as well as typical snail track lesions formed by pustules,exudates and mucilage.There was a large pitchy proliferative plaque sized 20 cm × 10 cm with an elevated margin in the neck as well as palm-to persian walnut-sized proliferative plaques in the prothorax,armpit,periumbilical area and left inguinal area.Histopathology revealed epitheliomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis with the formation of eosinophilic microabscesses,and superficial dermal infiltrate with numerous neutrophils and eosinophils.Direct immunofluorescence tests for IgA,IgG,and C3 were negative.A diagnosis of pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans was made.The patient was given intravenous methylprednisolone 40 mg/day and symptomatic treatment,which leaded to a gradual subsidence of skin lesions.

Objective:To explore the gene differential expression pattern of polycystic ovary syn-drome.Methods:We carried out microarray analysis to define the gene networks by the PCOS granulosacells in order to identify differentially expressed genes in PCOS patients.These granulosa cells of fivePCOS cases and five control cases which were derived during oocyte retrieval from women undergoingIVF.Results:As compared with control human ovarian granulosa cells,46 genes were screened out,25genes were up-regulated,and 21genes were down-regulated in PCOS.These differentially expressedgenes were involved in various biologic functions,such as regulation of fatty acid metabolism,cell-cellsignal transduction,immune and inflammatory response,reflecting the complexity of clinical manifesta-tions of PCOS.Conclusion:Microarray analysis technology is an effective mothod to identify novel PCOSassociated candidate genes.

OBJECTIVETo understand the survival rate of adult blood-borne human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in a county.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was carried out to determine the survival from HIV infection and related factors among 78 adult HIV cases infected by blood and confirmed by the end of 2002. Kaplan-meier method was used to describe the survival distribution and Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the factors associated with the survival time.

RESULTSThe total mortality after infection was 78.57/1000 p-y and AIDS related mortality was 72.95/1000 p-y. The median survival time was 7.40 years (95% Confidence Interval: 6.79 - 8.02). After adjustment for the clinical stage at presentation (HIV or AIDS), people who got infected at the age of 30 - 40 years or infected by the end of 1995 would proceed to death slower than the other groups.

CONCLUSIONThe survival of HIV cases infected by blood at the county level might have been underestimated and should be adjusted when HIV/AIDS was estimated and projected. Survival was associated with age when infection started so different survival functions should be used on different age groups that infection started.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; transmission ; Adult ; Blood-Borne Pathogens ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; mortality ; transmission ; HIV-1 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Transfusion Reaction

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Blood Donors ; China ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Prejudice ; Rural Population

OBJECTIVETo discuss the treatment of the scrotal vein malformation in teenagers and clinical efficacy.

METHODS32 cases with the local and diffuse scrotal vein malformation were retrospectively analyzed. 31 cases underwent local injection with 40% urea before resection. The urea was injected locally into tumor through multi-points within 30 seconds, 2-6 ml every time, one time a day. The injection was performed for 5-12 days. The treatment was refused in one case. The therapeutic effect and cosmetic result were recorded.

RESULTSThe tumors were removed radically in 28 cases including one operation in 25 cases and secondary operation in 3 cases. The patients were followed up for 1-3 years with no recurrence. Cosmetic result with bilaterally symmetric scrotum was satisfactory. The tumors in 3 severe cases were partially resected with improvement.

CONCLUSIONSCombined treatment with urea injection and surgical procedure can effectively treat the scrotal vein malformation with satisfactory result.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum ; blood supply ; Urea ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Vascular Malformations ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of anterior cervical decompression and fusion by microscope in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

METHODSFrom February 2005 to March 2010,21 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 13 males and 8 females with an average age of 51.5 years (ranged, 32 to 71), were treated with anterior cervical decompression using high-speed bur,then bone grafting and fusion with auto iliac bone and internal fixation by microscope. According to JOA score of cervical spondylosis to evaluate clinical effects before and after operation.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 18 to 24 months with an average of 20 months. JOA score improved significantly from preoperative 9.26 +/- 1.72 to postoperative 13.64 +/- 1.38 (t = 2.452, P = 0.000). According to JOA score, 12 cases were excellent, 7 good and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONAnterior cervical decompression and fusion by microscope is a refined, safe and effective surgical procedure for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spondylosis ; surgery

The purpose of this study was to identify point mutation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH1 and IDH2) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and its clinical significance. 90 de novo AML patients were selected for this study, the genomic DNA was served as template, the exon4 of IDH1 and IDH2 were amplified respectively. The IDH mutation was detected by using directly sequencing method for PCR product. The results indicated that among 90 de novo AML patients, 4 patients (4.4%) showed the IDH1 gene mutation positive, and 7(7.8%) patients showed IDH2 gene mutation positive. None was found harboring both mutations, the overall rate of mutation positive of them was 12.2%. In the AML patients with IDH gene mutation positive, the rate of normal karyotype was 72.7%, which was significantly higher than that in abnormality karyotype. The CR rate in mutation positive patients was 72.7%, which seemed as if higher than that in mutation negative patients, but without statistical significance. The mutation disappeared when the patients gained CR, and reappeared in same loci after relapse occurred. It is concluded that the IDH gene point mutation appears in normal karyotype patients, especially in patients combined with NPM1 gene mutation. The IDH gene mutation may be an important target for therapy and evaluating clinical prognosis of patients with normal karyotype.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; Young Adult