Antioxidants ; therapeutic use ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy

Coptis chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to have multiple pharmacological effects recently. Some research showed that C. chinensis has antioxidant effects, including scavenging oxygen free radicals, alleviating lipid peroxidation, enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes, et al. C. chinensis may inhibit several classical pathological pathways in diabetes. C. chinensis is a potential medicine to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus and its complications. This review focuses on the recent research progress in the study of antioxidant effects of C. chinensis and its major contributions to diabetes treatment/therapy.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects

Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; prevention & control ; Quercetin ; therapeutic use

Aldehyde Reductase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Autoantibodies ; metabolism ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Phospholipids ; immunology ; Phytotherapy ; Somatomedins ; metabolism

Diabetic Neuropathies ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Phytotherapy

Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inventions

Anthracosis ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery

The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key protein of endogenous antioxidant defense systems in the body. In response to oxidative stress, Nrf2 translocates to nucleus and binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE), regulating the expression of a large amounts of antioxidant genes and maintaining a proper redox balance. The pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with generation of reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a cardinal role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Nrf2-inducer compounds can reduce oxidant stress and have shown therapeutic efficacy in many neurodegenerative disease models. How to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway effectively has been received much attention. Here we provided an overview of specific mechanism of Nrf2-ARE pathway and the protective effects of Nrf2 in different neurodegenerative diseases, and summarized the Nrf2 activators recently in preclinical study.
Antioxidants ; physiology ; Humans ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; physiology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Animals ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors ; drug effects ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Schwann Cells ; drug effects

Brainstem infarction accounts for about 9% to 21.9% of all cerebral infarctions. This article reviews the etiology of brainstem infarction and its pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,and treatment.