Objective To investigate the effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems of school-aged children in Shanghai. Methods A total of 4 108 school-aged children from 10 primary schools of Shanghai were enrolled by multi-stage cluster sampling and surveyed by questionnaires. The information of television-watching and computer-using, family and personal condition was investigated by self-prepared questionnaire, and the Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was employed to survey the sleep behaviors of children. The effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results The percentage of children who watched television≥2 h per day was 4.1% during weekdays, and that came to 49.2% during weekends. In terms of frequency of computer-using, most children reported "rarely" (88.2%, 0-1 time/week), followed by "often" (11.0%, 2-4 times/ week) and "usually" (0.8%, 5-7 times/week). With the age increase, the percentages of children who watched television≥2 h per day and those who "often" used computer gradually increased. It was revealed by multiple linear regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis that television-watching and computer-using were not only positively correlated with later bedtime, later wake time and shorter sleep duration but also significantly associated with sleep problems such as bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration disorder, sleep anxiety and parasomnia. Conclusion Television-watching and computer-using exert influences on sleep behaviors of sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems. Concerns about the potential negative effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep behaviors may help to promote healthy sleep patterns and improve sleep quality.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of protecting liver of brevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin of Phyllanthus simplex.

METHODRats were administered with CCl4 (ip) or alcohol (ig) to establish acute or chronic liver injured model, respectively. ALT, AST and TBIL in serum were measured using colorimetric analysis to evaluate liver function. MDA content or SOD activity in serum and liver tissue was measured by thiobarbituric acid chromatometry and xanthine oxidase methods, respectively. The hemorheological parameters were observed.

RESULTBrevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin reduced the increase of ALT induced by CCl4, but they did not influence the increase of AST. And it could inhibit the pathologic increase of serum TBIL induced by alcohol. They could ameliorate the MDA increase or SOD decrease in serum and liver tissue in rats with liver injury, and decrease abnormal changed hemorheological parameters.

CONCLUSIONBrevifolin and 8,9-single-epoxy brevifolin show protective effective against acute and chronic liver injuries, and the mechanism is relevant to antagonizing the lipid peroxidation of free radical and improving the blood circulation.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hemorheology ; drug effects ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Phyllanthus ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taxoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

AIMTo study the antitumor peptide components in the stems and leaves of mistletoe (Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai), the primary structure of the novel peptide was elucidated.

METHODSCation exchange, gel filtration and HPLC were employed for isolation and purification. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry was used to determine the mass. The complete amino acid sequence of the novel peptide was obtained by Edman degradation combined with enzyme digestion. The antitumor activity of the peptide in vitro was studied with MTT method.

RESULTSThe primary stucture of the peptide named as viscotoxin B2 is KSCCKNTTGRNIYNTCRFAGGSRERCAKLSGCKIISASTCPSDYPK. The IC50 value of viscotoxin B2 on the Rat Osteoblast-like Sarcoma 17/2.8 cells in vitro is 1.6 mg x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONViscotoxin B2 in V. coloratum, which has high similarity with viscotoxins from V. album, showed antitumor activity.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Peptides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; drug effects ; Viscum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe therapeutic effect of acupuncture at acupoints selected according to rehabilitation medical theory on upper limb spasticity in the patient of poststroke.

METHODSSixty cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and an electro-stimulation group, 30 cases in each group. The acupuncture group were treated by acupuncture at the contralateral scalp motor region of the affected limb, Jiquan (HT 1), Chize (LU 5), Daling (PC 7) on the flexor side and Jianyu (LI 15), Tianjing (TE 10), Yangchi (TE 4) on the extensor muscle side of the affected limb; the electro-stimulation group were treated by electric stimulation. The two groups also were treated with necessary medical treatment and anti-spasm rehabilitation motor training. The course was 3 weeks. Modified Ashworth Scale for muscle spasm (MAS), modified Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) for upper limb motor function, and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) for ability of daily living were used for assessment of the therapeutic effect.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the spasm was significantly alleviated, the motor function of the upper limb and daily living ability were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the two groups; after treatment, BMI scores in the acupuncture group was very significantly superior to that in the electro-stimulation group. The total effective rate was 93.3% in the acupuncture group and 86.7% in the electro-stimulation group, with no significant difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONProper acupuncture is an effective method for upper limb spasm in the patient of poststroke, and the therapeutic effect is better for mild-moderate spasm of the upper limb.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Spasticity ; therapy ; Stroke Rehabilitation

OBJECTIVETo determine the half-effective dose (IED50) of rocuronium for intratracheal intubation in female patients of different ages by sequential experiments and evaluate the effect of age on IED50 of rocuronium.

METHODSForty ASA class I-II female patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided (n = 20) into young patient group and elderly patient group. The intratracheal intubation dose was divided into 4 grades by geometric progression, namely 0.24, 0.29, 0.35, and 0.42 mg/kg in the young patient group and 0.22, 0.26, 0.31, and 0.37 mg/kg in the elderly group. The IED(50) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of rocuronium during intubation in both groups were determined by sequential experiments.

RESULTSThe IED50 was 0.284 mg/kg in the elderly patient group, which was 91% that of in the young patient group (0.312 mg/kg), showing significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe IED50 of rocuronium is significantly lower in elderly female patients than in young female patients, suggesting the necessity of reducing the dose of rocuronium accordingly in anesthesia induction in elderly female patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage ; Sex Factors

Abstract： Objective　To analyze the value and influencing factors of cross-primer isothermal amplification technology(CPA) in clinical screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Methods　We collected 543 inpatients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, including 179 patients with tuberculosis, 187 patients with pneumonia and 177 patients with other diseases. The patients' sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, pleural effusion and midstream urine were detected by CPA, smear microscopy, culture method and gene detection. The value of CPA detection in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and its influencing factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results　The total positive rate of CPA was 14.4% (78/543), and the positive rate of sputum samples accounted for 29.1% (39/134). Among the 78 cases of CPA positive patients, the tuberculosis group accounted for 69.2% (54/78), followed by pneumonia group 21.8% (17/78), and other diseases group accounted for 9.0% (7/78). Taking CPA test as the reference method, the "sensitivity" of smear microscopy was lower than that of genetic testing and culture, while the "specificity" was higher than that of culture and gene testing, and the "missed diagnosis rate" of smear microscopy was higher than that of genetic testing and culture. CPA test positive was related to gender, ESR and pneumonia. There is a good agreement between CPA test and culture method and gene test (Kappa>0.9), and a moderate agreement between CPA test and smear microscopy (Kappa=0.616). Conclusions　Sputum specimen is the best choice for CPA detection, while the value of pleural effusion detection is relatively limited. Sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and midcourse urine can be used as clinical specimens for screening and diagnosis of "tuberculosis group and other disease group", while sputum can be used for screening and diagnosis of "tuberculosis group and pneumonia group". Gender, ESR and pneumonia are the influencing factors of CPA positive patients. Therefore, CPA testing is worthy of clinical promotion, but more clinical research data are needed.

OBJECTIVEThe effects of sleep deprivation on the immature brain remain unknown. Based on a computer controlled chronic sleep deprivation animal model, the effects of chronic partial sleep deprivation on growth, learning and memory in young rats were explored.

METHODSTwelve weaned male Spraque-Dawley rats (3-week-old) were randomly divided into sleep deprivation, test control and blank control groups. Sleep deprivation was performed using computer-controlled "disc-over-water" technique at 8-11 am daily, for 14 days. The temperature and weights were measured every 7 days. Morris water maze was used to test spatial learning and memory abilities before and 7 and 14 days after sleep deprivation. After 14 days of sleep deprivation, the rats were sacrificed for weighting their major organs.

RESULTSAfter 14 days of sleep deprivation, the rats' temperature increased significantly. During the sleep deprivation, the rate of weight gain in the sleep deprivation group was much slower than that in the test control and blank control groups. The thymus of the rats subjected to sleep deprivation was much lighter than that of the blank control group. After 7 days of sleep deprivation, the rats showed slower acquisition of reference memory, but were capable of successfully performing the task by repeated exposure to the test. Such impairment of reference memory was not seen 14 days after sleep deprivation.

CONCLUSIONSChronic sleep deprivation can affect growth of immature rats, as well as their abilities to acquire spatial reference memory.

Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Weight ; Growth ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation ; physiopathology ; psychology

OBJECTIVETo survey the sleep habits (bedtime, wake time), sleep duration, and sleep problems in school-age children of China.

METHODFrom November to December, 2005, a total of 19,299 school-age children from 55 elementary schools of 9 cities entered the study by a cross-sectional survey. A parent-administered questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire were applied to investigate children's sociodemographic characteristics and sleep behaviors, respectively.

RESULTSThe mean sleep duration was 9 hours and 10 minutes (9:10, SD:48 min) during the weekdays and 9:48 (SD: 63 min) during the weekends. In about 71.4% and 41.8% school-aged children the sleep duration per day did not reach the lowest criterion of 10 hours recommended by the Ministry of Education of China during weekdays and weekends, respectively. Sleep problems were common with prevalence ranging from 14.5% for sleep-disordered breathing to 75.3% for daytime sleepiness. Parasomnia (chi(2) = 13.76, P < 0.01) and sleep-disordered breathing (chi(2) = 119.83, P < 0.01) were more prevalent in boys than in girls; however, sleep anxiety was more prevalent in girls than in boys (chi(2) = 19.42, P < 0.01). Except for night waking, other types of sleep problems were significantly associated with age.

CONCLUSIONSInadequate sleep duration and sleep problems prevail among school-age children, which indicates that children's sleep health may be a major public health concern in China.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Habits ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep ; Sleep Stages ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland volume, thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies in the areas with different iodine intakes.

METHODSA cross-sectional epidemiological study in Panshan (mild iodine-deficient area), Zhangwu (more than adequate iodine intake area) and Huanghua (iodine-excessive area) was conducted in 3761 subjects in 1999.80.2 % of them were followed up in 2004. Questionnaires, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, urinary iodine concentration,and thyroid B ultrasound were performed.

RESULTSThe prevalence of goiter was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (15.1% vs. 11.5%, P< 0.05). The average thyroid volume was higher in smokers with phenomenon more obvious in Panshan and Huanghua areas. Data from logistic analysis showed that smoking cigarette was an independent risk factor of goiter. There was no difference in serum TSH and Tg level between smokers and non-smokers. The positive rate of TPOAb (>100 IU/ml) was higher in smokers than in non-smokers(10.8% vs. 9.0 % , P <0.05) and was especially obvious in Huanghua area. Smoking was a independent risk factor of increasing positive rate of TPOAb. During the prospective observation,it was found that the incidence of positive TPOAb(>,100 IU/ml) was 7.4% in the subjects that were from non-smokers turning to smokers and 2.9% in those whose smoking behavior did not change. Logistic analysis indicated that the shifting from non-smoking to smoking was independent risk factor for the increase on high incidence of positive TPOAb.

CONCLUSIONSmoking cigarette was a independent risk factor of goiter. Smoking was also a risk factor of increasing TPOAb positive rate. Shifting from not smoking to smoking was an independent risk factor of increasing high incidence of positive TPOAb.

Autoantibodies ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Goiter ; blood ; epidemiology ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; physiopathology ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood

OBJECTIVETo understand prevalence of sleep problems and presence of improper sleep habit of children aged one to 23 months in Shanghai, and to identify their related factors.

METHODSTotally, 1 252 normal children, without severe illness and abnormal delivery history, aged one to 23 months were randomly selected from five districts of Shanghai. Under strict quality control system, their parents were interviewed with questionnaire to look into their familial and social environment, as well as sleep-related factors.

RESULTSFully-completed information was obtained in 1 129 of 1 252 children, with a response rate of 90.18%. Prevalence of sleep problems in children was 65.90% in Shanghai, remarkably higher than in the other areas. Prevalence of nightmare, level of fright at night, snore and sleep apnea in boys were significantly higher than those in girls. Prevalence of improper sleep habit in children was also higher, including sleeping with their parents, parental presence at sleep onset and irregular sleep time. Main risk factors related to children's sleep problems were maternal anxiety, children's irregular sleep time, parental presence at sleep onset, difficulty-type temperament and maternal poor sleep during pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONSIn Shanghai, prevalence of sleep problems in children aged one to 23 months was relatively higher and main risk factors for them were social, cultural and familial environment, especially negligence of cultivating proper sleep habit and parental improper response to children's poor sleep behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Maternal Behavior ; psychology ; Mother-Child Relations ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors