Community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen.It can cause a series of infections cause morbidity and mortality,including bacteremia,pneumonia and soft tissue infections.USA300 clone is highly toxic and contagious.Its prevalence in the United States continues to rise,and has begun to spread to the rest of the world.This article briefly reviews the recent research on relevant aspects of molecular epidemiological characteristics,grug resistance mechanisms and treatment of USA300 clone.

Aged ; Catheter Ablation ; adverse effects ; Heart Injuries ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; therapy

Objective:To establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) method for determining the concentration of amlodipine besylate in human plasma and to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of amlodipine besylate tablets.Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled into a single crossover study.A single dose of the suspension equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine besylate or a reference preparation was given in a crossover way.The plasma concentrations of amlodipine besylate were determined by LC-MS method in the volunteers at different time points;the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated and the bioequivalence of the 2 preparations were evaluated.Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters for experimental and the reference preparations were: C_max(6.21?1.88) vs(6.03?1.08) ng/ml;AUC_0-120(250.68?52.61) vs(246.14?52.11) ng h/ml;T_max(6.0?2.3) vs(6.1? 2.5) h;t_1/2(40.45?6.68) vs(43.74?9.05) h,respectively.The linear range of the present method was 0.1-20.0 ng/ml;the lowest detectable concentration of amlodipine besylate was 0.1 ng/ml.There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 tablets.Conclusion: The present method is simple to use,fast,and accurate.The 2 preparations of amlodipine besylate are bioequivalent.

BACKGROUND: Raman spectrum, compared with conventional detection technologies, is a rapid, non-invasive and label-free optical method. Its application has become an issue of concern in biomedical research. However, further studies are warranted to optimize the acquisition condition of Raman spectra from different stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the wavelength of laser and the groove frequency of gratings to obtain the optimized parameter combination for Raman spectrum collection in human stem cells. METHODS: Using human mesenchymal stem cells as samples, the effects of different laser wavelengths (532, 38,785 nm) and different grating groove frequency (600, 1200, 1800 gr/mm) on Raman spectra were compared respectively. Then the different combinations of the wavelength and groove frequency were used and compared in terms of the spectra resolution and acquisition time, and the best acquisition condition was selected and applied in a comparison study on the Raman spectra from human mesenchymal stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wavelengths of lasers and groove frequencies of gratings showed compound impacts on both the spikes at different wavenumbers and the ratio between spikes; the combination of 785 nm and 1200 gr/mm was confirmed to be the best spectrum features for human mesenchymal stem cells. The comparison of Raman spectra from human mesenchymal stem cells and human embryonic stem cells implies that the embryonic stem cells contain higher nucleic acids than the mesenchymal stem cells, while the mesenchymal stem cells appear to contain more proteins and lipids.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria/the drug resistance/the correlated risk fators/the prophylaxis control strategy of the severe craniocerebral injury patients combined with intracranial infection .Methods The clinical data of 35 craniocerebral injury patients with intracranial infection were retrospectively analyzed .Results 35 patients′cerebrospinal fluid were separated and 54 pathogenic bacterium had been cultured ,including G+ bacterium(61 .11% ) ,the G - bacteria(33 .33% ) , fungi(5 .56% ) .The pathogenic bacteria showed a higher resistance .The single factor analysis found that the wound itself exists in-fection factors ,the postoperative drainage of incision ,liquorrhoea ,with other basic diseases ,surgery lasted for a long time (>4 h) reoperative ,surgery is placed foreign body is severe craniocerebral trauma combined with intracranial infection were the main rele-vant factors .The total effective rate was 62 .86% ,and the mortality was 11 .43% by the positive therapy .Conclusion G+ bacteria were the main pathogenic bacterium in the severe craniocerebral injury patients combined with intracranial infection .The iatrogenic factors leaded to the increase of the proportion of intracranial infection and the resistance increased year after year .The clinical in-travenous antibiotics combined intrathecal injections were beneficial to control intracranial infection ,shorten the course of treatment and enhance the curative effect .

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Leukemia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles ; genetics

Objective To study the effect of antiapoptosis factors PED/PEA-15 and XIAP on prostate cancer cells(PC-3)apoptosis.Methods The expressions of XIAP and PED/PEA-15 in prostate cancer cells(PC-3)were respectively assayed using the RT-PCR technique.XIAP and PED/ PEA-15 specific siRNA vectors were designed and constructed and then were transiently cotransfected into PC-3 cells under induction of liposome.The effects of siRNA vectors on PED/PEA-15 and XIAP transcription were assayed by RT-PCR technique,and the effect of XIAP and PED/PEA-15 on cancer cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry and microscope observation.Results PED/PEA- 15 and XIAP were both highly expressed in PC-3 cells.Enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed that the PED/PEA-15 and XIAP-specific siRNA expression vectors were constructed successfully.The designed siRNA sequences of PED/PEA-15 and XIAP could specifically inhibit their transcription.The PC-3 cells which were cotransfected with PED/PEA-15 and XIAP- specific siRNA vectors were more sensitive to doxorubicin.The apoptosis rate of cotransfected cells was significantly increased.Conclusions PED/PEA-15 and XIAP might be involved in the development of prostate cancer.

Objective To evaluate the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of both twin and singleton pregnancies, which delivered in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. The twin pregnancies were divided into two groups:those with (GDM-T, n=51) and without GDM (non-GDM-T, n=130), which were matched by maternal age and delivery time (within one month) in a ratio of 1∶2 among singleton pregnancies with (GDM-S, n=102) and without GDM (non-GDM-S, n=102), respectively. The differences of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among these four groups were examined. The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes was completed using Delphi method. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, rank test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results (1) When compared to GDM-S and non-GDM-S group respectively, less women conceived with the help of assisted reproductive technology, higher proportion of women underwent and gestational age at delivery tend to be earlier in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (all P<0.01). In oral glucose tolerance test,the fasting blood glucose level of GDM-T group was higher than the other three groups (F=21.716, P<0.01), the glucose levels at 1 and 2 h were higher than non-GDM-T and non-GDM-s respectively (both P<0.01), but no significant difference was found when compared with GDM-S group (P>0.01). Similarly, no significant difference was found in prenatal glycosylated hemoglobin value between GDM-T and GDM-S group (P>0.01). (2) There was no significant difference in the incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, asphyxia neonatorum, small for gestational age, hypoglycemia of newborn, hyperbilirubinemia of newborn and perinatal death between GDM-T group and the other three groups(all P>0.01). Higher incidences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage were shown in the GDM-T group than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S groups, respectively (both P<0.01). The incidences of preterm birth in GDM-T and non-GDM-T group were both higher than that in GDM-S and non-GDM-S, respectively [54.9%(66/102), 53.8%(140/260), 5.0%(10/102) and 3.0%(6/102), all P<0.01], while no significant difference was found between GDM-T and non-GDM-T group (P>0.01). (3) The overall assessment of pregnancy outcomes did not show any difference between GDM-T group and the other three groups (χ2=6.707, P>0.01). However, the score for fetal outcomes in the GDM-T group was higher than in the GDM-S and non-GDM-S group, but lower than in non-GDM-T group [M(Q)=1.0(2.3), 0.0(3.0), 0.0(0.0), 1.0(2.8) score, χ2=122.818, P<0.01]. Conclusions GDM does not increase the risk of adverse pregnant outcomes in twin pregnancies.

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Styrenes ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on treatment of primary liver cancer with pulmonary metastases.Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups:group A (treatment group,n =30) and group B (control group,n =30).Group A was received periodic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and 10 mg arsenic trioxide by intravenous infusion for 5 hours per day,3 days after TACE.Each cycle consisted of 14 days' administration,and repeated after 2 weeks.Each patient was received 3-4 successive cycles.Group B was received periodic TACE alone.Objective efficiency,benefit rate,quality of life and the correlates with metastatic tumor size and number in the both groups were recorded.Results The objective efficiency was 26.7％ (8/30),and the benefit rate was 60.0％ (18/30) in group A,while they were 0 and 16.7％ (5/30) in group B with significant statistics differences (x2 =7.067,P =0.008;x2 =11.915,P =0.001).The quality of life was improved in 4 patients and stable in 18 of group A,while no patient was improved and 13 were stable in group B (x2 =9.669,P =0.008).There was a significantly positive correlation between the tumor burden and therapeutic effect (Kendall r =-0.765,P ＜ 0.001 ;Spearman r =-0.821,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Arsenic trioxide combined TACE is an effective treatment method in treating primary liver cancer with pulmonary metastases.