The prescriptions containing pericarpium citri reticulatae that built by Professor. Yan were collected to build a database based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inheritance assist system. After analyzed by data mining, such as apriori algorithm, the frequency of single medicine, the frequency of drug combination, the association rules between drugs and core drug combinations can be get from the database. Through the analysis of 1 027 prescriptions with pericarpium citri reticulatae, these prescriptions were commonly used to treat stomach aches, cough and other syndromes. The most frequency drug combinations were "Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Poria", "Paeoniae Radix Rubra-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium" and so on. The drug association rules that the confidence was 1 were "Glycyrrhizae Radix ex Rhizoma --> Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium", "Paeoniae Alba Radix-Cyperi Rhizoma --> Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium", "Poria --> Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium", and so on. The drugs in the prescriptions containing pericarpium citri reticulatae that built by Professor Yan mostly had the effects of regulating the flow of Qi and invigorate blood circulation, which reflected the clearly thought when making prescriptions.
Citrus ; chemistry ; Data Mining ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects, safety of pneumatic lithotripsy and 2 μm laser via transurethral ureteroscope for ureteral calculi accompanied with granulation. Methods27 cases (30 sides) of ureteral calculi accompanied with granulation treated with 2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsy via ureteroscope were reviewed. Results28 sides were fragmented successfully in a single procedure. The operation time was 15～45 min (mean 25 min). The intraoperative blood loss was 3～15 ml (mean 5 ml). The postoperative hospitalization time was 3～7 d (mean 5.5 d). 1 upper ureteral stone was pushed back to the renal pelvis and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was needed. The insertion of the ureteroscope was failed in 1 cases, who accepted open operation finally. Double-J tubes were pulled out in all the patients after 1 month, and 26 sides were stone-free. They were followed-up for 3～15 months (mean 8 months), no ureteral stenosis or urinary infection was found. Conclusion2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsy via ureteroscope is an effective and safe therapy for ureteral calculi with granulation, especially for those on middle or lower levels.

In this study, prescriptions were collected to establish a database based on the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS). Such data-mining methods as software's statistical statement module, data analysis module and apriori algorithm were used to analyze the frequency of single drug, the frequency of drug combination, the association rules and the core drug combinations of ostreae concha-containing prescriptions. The results showed that Ostreae Concha-containing prescriptions were frequently used to treat insomnia, vertigo, stomach-ache and other syndromes. The frequently used drugs included Ossis Mastodi Fossilia, Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Paeoniae Rubra Radix. The frequently used drug combinations included "Ostreae Concha and Ossis Mastodi Fossilia", "Ostreae Concha and Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen", and "Ostreae Concha and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis". The drug association rules with the confidence coefficient of more than 0. 95 included "Ossis Mastodi Fossilia-->Ostreae Concha", "Cocos Poria-Ossis Mastodi Fossilia-Ostreae Concha", "Ossis Mastodi Fossilia-Parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-->Ostreae Concha", and "Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix-Ossis Mastodi Fossilia--Ostreae Concha".
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Data Mining ; Databases, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Prescriptions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Ostrea ; chemistry ; Physicians ; Software

Based on the data mining methods of association rules and clustering algorithm, the 188 prescriptions for cough that built by Yan Zhenghua were collected and analyzed to get the frequency of drug usage and the relationship between drugs. From which we could conclude the experiences of Yan Zhenghua for the treatment of cough. The results of the analysis were that 20 core combinations were dig out, such as Bambusae Caulis in Taenias-Almond-Sactmarsh Aster. And there were 10 new prescriptions were found out, such as Sactmarsh Aster-Scutellariae Radix-Album Viscum-Bambusae Caulis in Taenian-Eriobotryae Folium. The results of the analysis were proved that Yan Zhenghua was good at curing cough by using the traditional Chinese medicine that can dispel wind and heat from the body, and remove heat from the lung to relieve cough.
Algorithms ; Cough ; drug therapy ; Data Mining ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the value of color power doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Methods Fifty-seven sacroiliac joints in 31 patients with active AS and 40 sacroiliac joints in 20 volunteers were detected by color power doppler ultrasonography.The color flow signs inside the sacroiliac joints were observed,and the resistance index(RI) was measured. Results In active AS,color flow signs were seen in 55 joints,and the mean RI value was 0.53?0.08 in 45 joints,while the other 10 color flow signs represented reversed phase in diastolic phase on pulse doppler ultrasonography.In the volunteers,color flow signs were seen in 16 joints,and the mean RI value was 0.97?0.01 in 6 joints,while the other 10 color flow signs represented reversed phase in diastolic phase on pulse doppler ultrasonography. Conclusion The abnormal flow signs at the sacroiliac joints can be detected by color power doppler ultrasonography.Low RI values provide diagnosis evidence for active AS.

The prescriptions including Polygoni Multiflori Caulis that built by Pro. Yan were collected to build a database based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inheritance assist system. The method of association rules with apriori algorithm was used to achieve frequency of single medicine, frequency of drug combinations, association rules between drugs and core drug combinations. The datamining results indicated that in the prescriptions that including Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, the highest frequency used drugs were parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Ostreae Concha, Ossis Mastodi Fossilia, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, and so on. The most frequent drug combinations were "Polygoni Multiflori Caulis-parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen", "Ostreae Concha-Polygoni Multiflori Caulis", and "Polygoni Multiflori Caulis-Ossis Mastodi Fossilia". The drug association rules of confidence coefficient 1 were "Ostreae Concha-->Polygoni Multiflori Caulis", "Poria-->Polygoni Multiflori Caulis", "parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-->Polygoni Multiflori Caulis", and "Paeoniae Alba Radix-->Polygoni Multiflori Caulis". The core drug combinations in the treatment of insomnia were Ossis Mastodi Fossilia, Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ostreae Concha, Polygalae Radix, Margaritifera Concha, Poria, and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. And the core drug combinations in the treatment of obstruction of Qi in chest were Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Trichosanthis Fructus, Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, and Paeoniae Rubra Radix.
Data Mining ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polygonaceae ; chemistry ; Prescriptions

Analyzed the prescriptions for phlegm retention syndrome that built by Ma Peizhi by the association rules and clustering algorithm, the frequency of drug usage and the relationship between drugs could be get. And from that we could conclude the experiences for phlegm retention syndrome of Ma Peizhi of menghe medical genre. The results of the analysis were that 18 core combinations were dig out, such as Citri Exocarpium Rubrum-Eriobotryae Folium-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. And there were 9 new prescriptions were found out such as Aurantii Fructus-Citri Exocarpium Rubium-Eriobotryae Folium-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The results of the analysis were proved that Ma Peizhi of Menghe Medical Genre was good at curing phlegm retention syndrome by using the traditional Chinese medicine of mild and light, such as the medicines of mild tonification, and clearing damp and promoting diuresis.
Algorithms ; Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Prescriptions ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mucus ; chemistry ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; drug therapy

The clinical prescriptions of hemoptysis that built by Menghe physician Ma Peizhi were collected, and were analyzed by the method of unsupervised data mining, such as association rules and clustering algorithm. From the prescriptions, we got the frequency of drugs, the association rules among drugs, 10 core drug combinations and 5 new prescriptions. Accordingly, after the analysis, Menghe physician Ma Peizhi had rich experience in the treatment of hemoptysis. His therapy for hemoptysis was clearing heat and moistening lung, dispel heat from blood to stop bleeding, and enriching yin and blood. And we can also make a conclusion that the TCM inheritance support system is of great practical value for minning the old doctors' clinical experiences.
Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Prescriptions ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Hemoptysis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

Data mining, as known as knowledge discovery in databases, is a non-trivial process of revealing the implied, previously unknown and potentially useful information from the massive data. In recently years, the applications of data mining in the field of pharmaceutical research of traditional Chinese medicine have widespread. Especially in the field of the heritage of experiences of na-tional medical masters, data mining plays an important role. In this study, we would expound of the use of methods of data mining in the heritage of experiences of national medical masters, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages, such as association rules, Bayesian networks, neural networks, and decision trees.
Data Mining ; Databases, Pharmaceutical ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neural Networks (Computer)

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects, safety of ureteral calculus accom panied with granulation treated with pneumatic lithotripsy and two-macron laser via transurethral uret eroscopic. Methods From June 2007 to March 2010, 38 cases of ureteral calculus accompanied with granulation were treated with 2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsy via ureteroscope. All the patients had middle to severe hydronephrosis. The granulation under the calculus was vaporized with the 2 μm laser, and then the ureteral stone was fragmented with pneumatic lithotripsy. The clinical datum,stone disintegration rate, lithagogue rate and complication were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 38 cases of ureteral stones, rate of successful fragmentation in a single procedure was 92%(35/38). The operation time ranged from 15 to 45 min, mean (23.0±6.5)min. Estimated the intraoperative blood loss was (7.0±4.5)ml. The postoperative hospitalization time was (5.2±0.6)d. Two upper ureteral stones were pushed back to the renal pelvis and a conversion to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was needed. The insertion of the ureteroscope was failed in 1 case who was accepted open operation finally. Among the 37 cases treated via ureteroscopy, stone clearance rate was about 86% after operation 1 month. Follow-up examinations for 3-15 months (mean 8 months)showed no ureteral stenosis or urinary infection. Conclusion 2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsyvia ureteroscope could be a highly effective and safe therapy for treatment of ureteral stone with granulation.