Being introduced in Korean peninsula, Chinese medicine, which is called Korean medicine in Korea, has caused great influence in Korean ethnomedicine, culture and living.Korean medicine takes an important part in Korean medical education and medical treatment. This paper introduces the origin of Korean medicine, the current mode and feature of Korean medicine education, as well as the overview and characteristic of Korean Hospital Affiliated Qing Xi University and Korean Hospital Affiliated Daejeon University. The mode of Korean medical education and hospital can offer reference for Chinese medicine education.

Objective To explore a new method of functional reconstruction of hand digits and joints with free transfer of foot tissues so as to increase the success rate of the operation.Methods After micro-anatomic study of the plantar and dorsal metatarsal arteries,retrograde and free grafts of foot tissues pedicled with plantar metatarsal arteries were designed and applied in transplantation to treat 76 cases of hand digital or joint defects.The surgeries included 58 cases of transfer of the second toe,four cases of transfer of composite tissues of the second toe, eight cases of transfer of proximal interphalangeal joint,and six cases of nail flap transfer.Results The mi- cro-anatomic study found that the first plantar metatarsal artery was anatomically constant and the diameter of its branch to the second toe was larger than that of the first dorsal metatarsal artery.Flaps survived in 75 of the 76 patients(98.7%),with fine appearance and significantly improved function.One patient who had received free transfer of the second toe to reconstruct the thumb function had to undergo a second repair with infraclavicula skin tube because of refractory arteriospasm of anastomosed vessels.Conclusion Transfer with free retrograde grafts of foot tissues pedicled with plantar metatarsal artery to reconstruct hand functions can effectively improve the success rate of the operation,because it is free of the shortcomings of great anatomic variation of blood vessels and time-consuming and complex procedures in conventional transfer.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; Jugular Veins ; pathology ; Male ; Pharynx ; Rupture ; etiology

To investigate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of patients requiring endodontic retreatment for apical periodontitis. Patients with apical periodontitis who were referred for endodontic retreatment were examined. The type and quality of the restoration, symptoms, quality of obturation were recorded. During retreatment, an oral rinse sample and root canal sample were cultured using brain-heart infusion agar and bile esculinazide agar to select for E. faecalis. The 16S rRNA technique was used to identify E. faecalis. A total of 32 women and 22 men (mean age: 38 years; s.d.: 11 years) and 58 teeth were studied. The prevalence of E. faecalis was 19% in the saliva and 38% in the root canals. The odds that root canals harbored E. faecalis were increased if the saliva habored this bacterium (odds ratio=9.7; 95% confidence interval=1.8-51.6; P<0.05). Teeth with unsatisfactory root obturation had more cultivable bacterial species in root canals than teeth with satisfactory root obturation (P<0.05). E. faecalis is more common in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis than in saliva. The prevalence of E. faecalis in root canals is associated with the presence of E. faecalis in saliva.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; microbiology ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Enterococcus faecalis ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Periapical Periodontitis ; microbiology ; therapy ; Quality of Health Care ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Retreatment ; Root Canal Obturation ; Saliva ; microbiology ; Young Adult

The development of acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina in Namibia was introduced in the article. The history of acupuncture in Namibia is only 15 years, and there are 3 acupuncturists and Tuina practitioners with permanent resident permit in Namibia. The University of Namibia has already established a medical college, which is now cooperating with the concerning Chinese medical university of China and carrying out education for the undergraduate students. The development of acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina has a great potential in Namibia with an extensive indication involving diseases of internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, orthopedics, and neurology.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Massage ; Namibia

AIMTo investigate the in vitro and in vivo stability of 9-nitrocamptothecin lactone form in rat plasma.

METHODSThe specific and accurate HPLC method was developed for quantifying 9-nitrocamptothecin lactone form and the total lactone and carboxylate forms simultaneously. By using of this method, the ratios of lactone form to the total in rat plasma at different time were determined in vitro and in vivo. The results were compared to determine which was the main factor influencing the stability of 9-nitrocamptothecin lactone form in rat plasma in vivo.

RESULTSThe stability of lactone form in rat plasma was much higher in vivo than that in vitro.

CONCLUSIONBlood cells help to increase the stability of 9-nitrocamptothecin lactone form. Clearance from blood in vivo is the primary factor which influences the plasma stability of 9-nitrocamptothecin lactone form. The kinetic process of 9-nitrocamptothecin lactone form and total drug in rats were both best fitted to a two-compartment model. However, the process of 9-nitrocamptothecin carboxylate form in vivo was best fitted to a one-compartment model.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Carboxylic Acids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Lactones ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Summarize the application of SOAP in the medical field and find out its problems in the course of traditional Chinese medicine, to explore the significance and value of SOAP in teaching practice in TCM. Organize relevant literature and discuss the application of SOAP in the course of Chinese medicine. SOAP is widely used in various aspects of medicine, and there are still some problems in the course of TCM. The use of SOAP model for teaching and assessment has important practical significance and value in the course of Chinese medicine internal medicine practice, and SOAP emphasize the practice of the post competence oriented teaching, which is worth promoting.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous injection of recombinant human interleukin-2 (Proleukin) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

METHODSForty-one patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic RCC after radical nephrectomy were enrolled into this study. Two or four consecutive cycles of subcutaneous injection of rhLL-2 were given, with each cycle duration of five weeks consisting of 4 weeks of treatment and one week of rest. The rhLL-2 was injected twice daily subcutaneously at a dose of 9 MIU on D1-D5 during week one, then 9 MIU twice daily on D1-D2 and followed by 9 MIU daily on D3-D5 during week 2-4. Patients were evaluated after the second cycle of treatment. If an objective response or stable disease was observed, the patient would receive another two cycles of treeatment.

RESULTSOf the 41 patients, the overall objective response rate was 17.1% (95% confidence interval, 5.6% to 28.6%) with a complete response (CR) rate of 0.0% and partial response rate (PR) of 17.1%. However, nineteen patients (46.3%) still had a stable disease (SD), and 15 (36.6%) had progressed disease (PD). The disease control rate was 63.4% and the median time to progression (mTTP) was 6 months. The 1-year survival rate was 71.2% with a median overall survival (mOS) rate of 22.5 months. Among 36 PP population, the overall objective response rate was 19.4% (95% confidence interval, 6.5% to 32.3%) with CR rate of 0.0% and PR rate of 19.4%. Sixteen patients(44.4%) had stable disease, and 13 (36.1%) progressed disease. The disease control rate was 63.9%. The 1-year survival rate was 66.7% with a median time to progression of 6 months. The median overall survival (mOS) had not reached yet. The follow-up data showed that the long term survival of the patient who responsed to the IL-2 therapy can be prolonged. Severe toxicity (> or = grade III) was rarely observed. Grade I or II toxicities such as fatigue (100.0%) and fever (82.9%) were frequently observed but reversible.

CONCLUSIONSubcutaneous injection of recombinant human interleukin-2 may prolong the survival of patients with a metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This regimen is tolerable with rare severe toxicities.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Disease Progression ; Fatigue ; chemically induced ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interleukin-2 ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Male

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on the activity of ATPase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the mitochondria of rat neurons after brain injury. Methods rhEPO was intraperitoneally injected in rats immediately after brain contusion injury induced by impact of a free-falling object.In the control rats,an equivalent volume of saline was injcoted intraperitoneally after the brain injury.At 6,12,24,and 48 hafter rhEPO or saline injection,the mitochondria were isolated from the brain neurons of the rats to determine the activity of ATPasc and SOD and the content of MDA.Results At 12.24 and48 h after rhEPO trealraent.the activity of ATPase and SOD increased and MDA content decreased significantly in the mitochondria of the brain neurons as compared with the measurements in the control group at the corresponding time points(P<0.05). Conclusion rhEPO treatment can ameliorate secondary brain injury in ratsfollowing brain trauma by modulating the mitochondrial function.