Objective To develop a plateau emergency medical treatment system on the helicopter for firstaid of critical patients in the plateau at peace time and wartime.Method With the characteristics of M17B-7 helicopter considered,the components of the system were supposed to include a chest for pulmonary resuscitation and monitoring,a firstaid backpack,two thermal bags and four transport stretchers.Results The resuscitation and monitoring device was gifted with perfect ergonomic design,and the requirements for firstaid,resuscitation,rewarming and heat preservation were satisfied by the firstaid backpack and thermal bags.The system could be applied to emergency treatment of combined,multiple injuries,such as dressing,hemostasia and fixation,as well as keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed,efficient respiratory support,maintenance of vital signs and treatment of cold injury.Conclusion The plateau emergency medical treatment system on the helicopter behaves well in medical treatment and field survival ability,and thus can be allocated according to service requirements and troops' organizational system for searching and firstaid of the person in distress in the plateau.

Quality is the lifeline of graduate education and the tutor team plays an important role in postgraduate training. To control the selection of tutors strictly, to implement the combination of openness and stability in tutor team, and to carry out academic exchanges actively are the keys to construct an excellent tutors staff and to ensure the quality of graduate student training.

Objective To study the application value of high frequency ultrasound to the diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthri‐tis .Methods 40 cases were selected ,who were diagnosed with early rheumatoid arthritis ,as the RA group ,another 40 healthy per‐sons were selected as the normal control group .Objects in the 2 groups were examined with high frequency ultrasound and X‐ray . Comparison of the examination results was made ,at the same time ,the results of suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion of the positive detection rate in group RA from the analysis of high‐frequency ultrasound and X‐ray examination were also compared .In addition ,the relativity between the related index and ESR index and CRP index in group RA was also ana‐lysed .Results The suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia ,bone erosion of color flow rate and bone erosion of the posi‐tive detection rate were higher than those in normal control group(P<0 .05);Compared with the control group ,the artery resist‐ance index was less ,the femoral condyle and lateral condylar cartilage thickness of RA group increased more(P<0 .05) .High fre‐quency ultrasound positive detection rate suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia ,bone erosion in patients of group RA were higher than those of X‐ray(P<0 .05) .The knee joint suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia of synovial membrane thickenss ,the thickness of the color blood flow grade and CRP ,ESR of patients in RA group were correlated(P<0 .01) .Conclusion High frequency ultrasound can respond to the situation of early rheumatoid arthritis patients ,and the lesion detection rates are higher ,there is a certain correlation between ultrasonographic indexes and CRP ,ESR .

Objective To investigate the clinical value and effect of spinal nerve medial branch ablation through transforaminal endoscopic in treatment of lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. Methods From August 2008 to October 2013 ,96 patients diagnosed as lumbar zygapophysial joint pain were included in the research. 36 patients were treated by spinal nerve medial branch ablation through transforaminal endoscopic ,while 60 patients received conservative treatment. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedics Association(JOA) scores before treatment,1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment were recorded and analyzed. The MacNab scores were recorded and analyzed 12 months after treatment. Results The VAS and JOA scores of surgical treatment group showed significant improvement compared with that before operation (P < 0.05),and there were no significant difference at each time point after surgery. The VAS and JOA scores of conservative treatment group in showed significant improved at 1 months after treatment compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),but there were no significant difference at each time after treatment compared with pretreatment. The VAS and JOA scores of surgical treatment group showed significant improvement compared with conservative treatment group at each time after treatment(P<0.05). The MacNab scores of surgical treatment group(94.44%)was significantly higher than that of conservative treatment group(33.33%). Conclusion The spinal nerve branches ablation under transforaminal endoscopic is an effective and safe minimally invasive spine surgery technique with important clinical value in the treatment of lumbar zygapophysial joint pain.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), also Lateral gene transfer (LGT), is any process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another species that is not its offspring. With the increase of available genomic data, it has become more convenient to study the way to detect the genes, which are products of horizontal transfers among a given genome. There are few data about known horizontal gene transfers in three bacterium genomes under consideration, so the experiments, which simulated gene transfer by artificially inserting phage genes, were carried out. Combining the feature analysis methods of gene sequences with support vector machine (SVM), a novel method was developed for identifying horizontal gene transfers (HGT) in 3 fully sequenced bacterium genomes (Escherichia coli K12, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bacillus cereus ZK). According to our previous work, codon use frequency (FCU) was selected as the sequence feature, in respect that it is inherently the fusion of both codon usage bias and amino acid composition signals. In addition, another computational method was proposed considering strand asymmetry and predicting horizontal gene transfers of leading strand and lagging strand of genomes under consideration, respectively. To avoid the occasionality of simulating gene transfer through artificially inserting phage genes, 100 times of the transfer-and-recover experiment were repeated and arithmetic average of measurement for each genome being considered were reported to evaluate algorithm's performance. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for both parameter and accuracy estimation. The best results were obtained for C-Support Vector Classification (C-SVC) type by using the radial basis function kernel with ?=100, while for one-class SVM type the best performance was obtained using the polynomial kernel of three degree. The performance of the approach was compared with that of Tsirigos' method ,which is one of the best predictive approachs to date in detecting of horizontal transfer genes. Firstly, for the original method that did not consider the strand asymmetry, the C-SVC type has a high relative improvement(RI) of 31.47% on hit ratio for Escherichia coli K12, while the one-class SVM type has RI of 11.61% for Borrelia burgdorferi. Moreover, as theoretically expected, the method considering the strand asymmetry resulted in higher RI than the original method. In order to examine the approach's performance in detecting factual gene transfer events, the approach was applied in genome of Enterococcus faecalis V583. It is not only succeed in recovering all the seven factual horizontally transferred genes, also found that the whole segment from 7 kb upstream of gene EF2293 to 38 kb downstream of gene EF2299 was probably transferred into E. faecalis V583 genome simultaneously with the above seven genes.

Objective To understand the correlative factors of impacting schistosomiasis prevalence so as to provide the scientific evidence for drawing up the control project in Three Gorges Reservoir areas.Methods The report system of schistosomiasis was set up,and the cases were investigated.The population were screened by indirect haemagglutination test(IHA),and the serum-positive people were examined with Kato-Katz technique.The livestock and plants imported from the schistosomiasis endemic areas were investigated.Results Eighty-eight floating people returning from schistosomiasis endemic areas and 107 floating persons from endemic areas were investigated,and the serum positive rates were 1.14% and 1.87%,respectively.No schistosome eggs were found in stool examinations.There was no livestock and plant imported from schistosomiasis endemic areas.The production of local inhabitants depended on mainly cattle,and the river water contact was popular.Conclusions There are infection resources of schistosomiasis imported from endemic areas,which has a potential risk of schistosomiasis prevalence.

Objective To investigate the changes of silver-stainng protein of nuclear organizer regions(AgNORs)expression of T lymphocytes and helper T (Th) cell subsets in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cancer patients and to analyze the relationship between them.Methods AgNORs expression in T cells activated by a multiple clonal activator was examined using a special image system. After activation of PBMC with ionomycin plus PMA for 5 h, both interferon-? (IFN ?) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)producing cell frequencies were detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). The stimulated with ionomycin plus PMA for 24 h, the IFN ?-and IL-4-production were assayed by ELISA.Resuts AgNORs expression of activated T cells in PBMC from cancer patients (n=86) and healthy persons (n=44) was (4.90?1.20) I.S% and (7.82?1.28) I.S% respectively. Th2 frequency was significantly higher and the ratio of Th1 to Th2 frequency was more lower in cancer patient group. Moreover, the IFN ? and IL-4 production in cancer patient group were changed in the way similar to Th subset frequencies. In lung cancer patients the AgNORs expression, Th1 frequency, Th1/Th2 ratio and IFN ? production were significantly decreased in metastasis or in recurrence status,AgNORs expression in cancer patients correlated with their Th1 frequencies, Th1/Th2 ratio, IFN ? production levels and Karnofsky′s estimators.Conclusions In analyzed cancer patient cases, the expression of AgNORs and the function of Th1 cell were significantly decreased and correlated.

Objective To understand the effect of astragalus on serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into control group (28 patients) and treatment group (28 patients),the control group was given control of blood glucose,blood pressure,lipids and other necessary treatment,and the treatment group was additionally treated with astmgalus granule based on the control group.The course for both treatments is 12 weeks.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were tested before and after treatment in both groups with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs,sRAGE levels.Results ① Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the control group after treatment (7.28± 0.83)％ was significantly decreased than before treatment (9.57±1.14) ％,the difference was statistically significant (t＝5.75,P＜0.05); glycerin three greases (TG) in the control group after the treatment (1.45± 0.39)mmol/L decreased significantly compared with those before treatment (1.92± 1.01)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant(t＝2.79,P＜0.05); ② HbA1c (7.16± 0.88) ％ in the treatment group after treatment was significantly decreased than before treatment (9.29± 1.62)％,the difference was statistically significant (t＝6.08,P＜0.05) ; TG (1.53 ± 0.41) mmol/L in the treatment group after treatment was significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (2.11 ± 0.79)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant (t ＝ 2.40,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of serum sRAGE (20.38 ± 8.01) ng/ml in the treatment group after treatment increased obviously compared with those before treatment (15.10 ± 9.22)ng/ml,the difference was statistically significant (t＝-2.29,P＜0.05); ③ The level of serum sRAGE (20.38 ± 8.01) ng/ml in the treatment group after treatment increased obviously than the levels of serum sRAGE (15.13 ± 9.27)ng/ml in the control group after treatment,the difference was statistically significant (t＝-1.17,P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragali can increase serum sRAGE expression in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To understand the serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were chosen from 2010 September to 2011 December in Department of Endocrinology Changshou Chinese medicine hospital in Jiangsu Province,and 30 healthy people were screened as control group.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were detected,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs and sRAGE levels.Results The levels of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (1379.2 ± 431.8) and (1154.5 ±326.4) pg/ml,and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The levels of serum sRAGE in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (14.6± 9.3)and (19.5 ± 8.9)ng/ml,and there were also significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The level of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was positive correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),and the level of serum sRAGE was associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) negative correlation.Conclusion The level of serum AGEs increase in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,and the level of serum sRAGE decrease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND:Liquid chip techniques (Luminex) is a recently rising method for detecting anti-panel reactive antibody, which is characterized by high sensitivity, and strong specificity, less interference and high flux.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the sensitivity and detection difference of panel reactive antibody in serum of kidney disease patients detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex.
METHODS:Serum samples of 280 patients with kidney disease were selected. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex methods were used to measure positive rate of panel reactive antibody. Chi-square test for fourfold table data was utilized for statistical analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The positive rates of panel reactive antibody were respectively 18.9%and 33.6%as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex method. The positive rates of anti-HLA-I antibody and anti-HLA-II antibody were respectively 12.8%and 12.5%, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive rates of anti-HLA-I antibody and anti-HLA-II antibody were respectively 25.0%and 20.7%, as detected by Luminex method. Positive detection rate was significantly higher in the Luminex group than that in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay group. Moreover, Luminex method could precisely detect the low-concentration antibody. Chi-square test for fourfold table data showed P<0.01. Significant differences in the differences of panel reactive antibody of kidney disease patients were detected between the two methods. Results demonstrated that compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Luminex method is more sensitive and accurate, and more suitable for clinical detection.