In order to optimize extraction process conditions of tannins from Geranium orientali-tibeticum by supercritical CO2, the content of tannins was determined by phosphomolybdium tungsten acid-casein reaction, with extraction pressure, extraction temper- ature and extraction time as factors, the content of tannins from extract of G. orientali-tibeticum as index, technology conditions were optimized by orthogonal test. Optimum technology conditions were as follows: extraction pressure was 25 MPa, extraction temperature was 50 °C, extracted 1.5 h. The content of tannins in extract was 12.91 mg x g(-1), extract rate was 3.67%. The method established could be used for assay the contents of tannin in G. orientali-tibeticum. The circulated extraction was an effective extraction process that was stable and feasible, and that provides a way of the extraction process conditions of tannin from G. orientali-tibeticum.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Geranium ; chemistry ; Tannins ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of catecholamine hormone on the blood and brain of heroin addicts.

METHODSRats were divided into three groups and treated with the glucose (control group), the heroin (im) (heroin group), and the combination of the intramuscular injection of reserpine and heroin (reserpine group). Changes in the levels of the dopamine (DA), cAMP, and cGMP were detected by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method in the blood and brain tissue.

RESULTSNo significant withdrawal symptoms were observed in the reserpine group. Compared with the control and heroin groups, the blood cAMP levels were increased by 35.36% and 15.53% in the reserpine group, respectively; the cAMP levels in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (Hipp) were increased by 24.08% & 8.53%, 15.66% & 8.13%, and 21.95% & 8.40%, respectively. While compared to the control and heroin groups, the DA levels of the PFC, Hipp, striatum, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were significantly reduced in the reserpine group, decreasing by 74.09% & 82.86%, 81.06% & 82.23%, 91.62% & 86.55% and 84.35% & 90.63%, respectively. The concentrations of cGMP of the brain tissues in the reserpine group were lower than those in the control group. In addition, the neural electrophysiological testing showed that the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and muscle spindle discharge diagram of rats in both the reserpine and heroin groups were apparently changed.

CONCLUSIONCatecholamine hormone plays an important role in heroin addiction.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Catecholamines ; physiology ; Cyclic AMP ; blood ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; blood ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; blood ; metabolism ; Heroin Dependence ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate key bonding point and existing problems of clinical doctor-nurse collaboration,in order to improve the collaboration and provide reference for seamless cooperation between doctors and nurses.Methods Open questionnaires were used to find out the bonding point of doctor-nurse collaboration and its problems.Questionnaire on existing problems of doctor-nurse collaboration ( doctor volume and nurse volume) was also designed for further analysis.247 nurses and 211 doctors in a third class A hospital in Shanxi province were included in this investigation,to work out the collaboration between nurses and doctors and the cause of existing problems.Results The score rates in 8 doctor - nurse bonding point were 30.35％ ～84.5％ in nurse volume and 31.3％ ～ 84.3％ in doctor volume.The highest score in both nurse and doctor volume was doctor' s operating dimension,which accounted for 84.5％ and 84.3％.Among 10 worst doctornurse collaboration items,people who scored more than or equal to 3 accounted for 63.97％ ～ 100.00％.Among 5 items which were the highest in both nurse and doctor volume,ward management accounted for 40％.82.94％ doctors who scored more than or equal to 3 believed that junior nurses' ability to cooperate was poorer.Conclusions Nurse performed poorly in cooperation during doctors' operation.Most problems lie in ward management.Problems in medical order handling and execution are most intractable.And junior nurses lack standardized training and competence evaluation.Therefore,establishing reasonable flow path and responsibilities is necessary to improve doctor-nurse collaboration.

OBJECTIVETo establish a transgenic mouse model systemically expressing the CMTM2 gene and study the effect of the CMTM2 expression on the reproductive system of mice in vivo.

METHODSTransgenic mice were generated by microinjection of pRevTRE-CMTM2 and the genotype was detected by PCR. The expression of CMTM2 was determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and the serum testosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSThe CMTM2 gene was highly expressed in the testis of the transgenic mouse models and in their offspring as well. The level of serum testosterone was significantly increased in the transgenic models as compared with the wild-type mice ([46.04 +/- 3.72] vs [42.43 +/- 3.80] nmol/L, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe transgenic mouse model was established successfully, which could highly express the CMTM2 gene. It is indicated that CMTM2 may influence steroidogenesis and testosterone secretion in transgenic mice.

Animals ; Genotype ; MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, Transgenic ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVEDividing the mandible into lower part of mandibular ramus, mandibular angle, mandibular body, chin, we designed subarea ostectomy for reduce the width of anterior, body, posterior part of of the lower face.

METHODSCombide with splitting ostectomy of the out layer of mandible, ostectomy of inferior border of mandible and augmentation of the chin, re-shape the mandibular angle, body, and chin, corrected the un-beauty of the lower face and side-face.

RESULTSFrom May 2003 to August 2005 , a total of twenty-three patients have been operated on by this method with satisfactory results.

CONCLUSIONSSubarea ostectomy of mandible is more effective in re-shaping the whole lower face.

Adult ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mandible ; surgery ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To evaluate the recovery of circulation of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)around foramen magnum before and after duraplasty in patients with Chiari Ⅰ malformation (CMI) treated by foramen magnum decompression by using colored Doppler ultrasound (CDU). Methods Twenty patients suffered from CMI, including 17 combined with syringomyelia, admitted to our hospital from December 2008 to June 2009, were performed foramen magnum decompression via posterior midline approach; Neuropatch was used to repair the dura mater. Tarlov's grading scale and MRI was employed to evaluate the efficacy and the improvement of syringomyelia. All patients underwent CDU before and 10-20 d after the duraplasty to evaluate the circulation of CSF in arachnoid space below tonsil of cerebellar (TC). Results Fifteen patients (75%) got improvement and 5 without change after the surgery. Postoperative MRI indicated that 82.4% patients (14/17) combined with syringomyelia enjoyed good results. Cisterna magna reappeared after the surgery. CDU showed that bidirectional flow of CSF was recovered around foramen magnum in all patients with the Caudal-directed flow rate of CSF in dorsal arachnoid space below TC 8.92 ±5.19 cm/s and cephalad-directed flow rate of 6.85 ±2.44 cm./s; as compared with that after the surgery, the bidirectional flow could be found in only 11 patients before duraplasty (55%). Conclusion Foramen magnum decompression with duraplasty can restore the circulation of CSF around foramen magnum effectively in patients with CMI, and CDU, providing accurate data of circulation of CSF during or after the surgery, is a useful tool to evaluate the flow of CSF in patients with CMI.

OBJECTIVETo establish osteoblast model, primary cilla model was removed by chloral hyrate, observe effects of osteoblast primary cilla moved on enhancing ALP staining and calcified nodules staining in electromagnetic field.

METHODSThree 3-day-old male SD rats weighed between 6 and 9 g were killed, cranial osteoblast was drawed and adherencing cultured respectively. Cells were subcultured and randomly divided into 4 groups until reach to fusion states. The four groups included chloral hydrate non-involved group (control group), 2 mM, 4 mM and 8 mM chloral hydrate group, and cultured in 37 °C, 5% CO2 incubator for 72 h. Morphology of primary cilla was observed by laser confocal scanning microscope, and incidence of osteoblast primary cilia was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Cells in the correct concentration group which can removed cillia most effectively were selected and divided into 3 groups, including control group (C), Electromagnetic fields group (EMFs), and EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group. DMEM nutrient solution contained 10%FBS were added into three groups and cultured for 9 days and formation of ALP were observed by histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase. After 12 days' cultivation, formation of mineralization nodes was observed by alizarin red staining.

RESULTSCompared with control group and 2mM chloral hydrate group,4 mM chloral hydrate group could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilla (P<0.01). Removal of osteoblast primary cilla could weaken the formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast in EMFS. Compared with EMFs group, the area of ALP and mineralization nodes in EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group were decreased obviously (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION4mM chloral hydrate could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilia. Primary cilla participate in EMFs promoting formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast and provide new ideas for exploring mechanism of EMFs promoting osteoblast maturation and mineralization.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloral Hydrate ; pharmacology ; Cilia ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Child ; Foot Deformities, Congenital ; genetics ; Hand Deformities, Congenital ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree

This study aimed to explore the outcomes of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS) in aged infertile women who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles with GnRH-a long protocol.A self-controlled study was conducted to retrospectively investigate the clinical outcomes of 104 aged infertile patients who didn't get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET treatment by stimulating with GnRH-a long protocol (non-PPOS group),and underwent PPOS protocol (PPOS group) in the second cycle between January 2016 and December 2016 in the Center for Reproductive Medicine,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.The primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryos transfer (FET) in PPOS group,and good-quality embryo rate in both groups.The secondary outcomes were fertilization rate,egg utilization rate and cycle cancellation rate.The results showed that there were no significant differences in basal follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH),antral follicle count (AFC),duration and total dosage of gonadotropin (Gn),number of oocytes retrieved,intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) rate,fertilization rate,and cycle cancellation rate between the two groups (P＞0.05).However,the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate in PPOS group were significantly higher than those in non-PPOS group (P＜0.05).By the end of April 2017,62 FET cycles were conducted in PPOS group.The clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate were 22.58％ and 12.70％,respectively.In conclusion,PPOS protocol may provide better clinical outcomes by improving the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate for aged infertile patients who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of low frequency ultrasound enhanced thrombolysis (LFUET) on acute cerebral infarction (ACI) in rats.Methods The ACI animal models were established by injec- ting auto-thrombus into the rats' left middle cerebral arteries.They were then treated with urokinase,and received transcranial LFUET treatment at the same time.Nervous system functioning was assessed using NSS,and infarct vol- umes (IVs) were measured through tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Results The NSS scores in the large- dose urokinase group (LDU group),the ultrasound plus small-dose urokinase group (USMU group) and in the in- farct group (Ⅰgroup) at 24 h after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment.IVs in the two treat- ment groups are lower than those in theⅠgroup,but there was no significant difference between the LDU group and USMU group volumes.Conclusion LFUET can accelerate the recovery of nervous system function in rats after ACI,minimize IVs,and reduce the required dosage of urokinase.