Objective To understand the clinical features of candidemia.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed based on the data of 88 candidemia cases treated in Huashan Hospital during the period from 2007 to 2012.The clinical data were re-viewed in terms of species distribution,underlying diseases,clinical manifestations,treatment and outcomes.The prognostic factors were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test.Multivariate analysis was conducted by multiple Logis-tic regression.Results Candida albicans (40/88,45.5%)was the most common pathogen isolated from these candidemia ca-ses,followed by Candida tropicalis (20/88,22.7%),Candida parapsilosis (17/88,19.3%),Candida glabrata (10/88, 11 .4%),and Candida krusei (1/88,1 .1 %).Solid malignancy,diabetes,and surgical procedure were the most frequently identified underlying diseases.Fatal or deteriorative outcome was reported in 28 cases.The attributable mortality was 18.2%. Multivariate prognostic analysis indicated that presence of central venous catheter (OR:6.322,95% CI :1 .055-37.891 ,P =0.044)was independently correlated to increased mortality.Appropriate antifungal therapy was an independent predictor of de-creased overall mortality (OR:0.137,95% CI :0.039-0.480,P =0.002).Conclusions The pathogen distribution of candi-demia has changed slightly.Appropriate antifungal therapy plays a key role in the treatment of candidemia.

Background Nearly over 40 years have elapsed since the original findings of visual cortical plasticity,but none of drug has been found for curing amblyopia effectively. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of different dose of levodopa on flash visual evoked potential(F-VEP)and morphology of visual cortex cells in monocular deprivation rat and explore the possible mechanism of curing amblyopia.Methods Monocular deprivation model were established by suturing eyelids of 30 2-week-old Sprague Dawley(SD)rats for 4 weeks.The 30 SD rats were then divided into 3 groups randomly and 10 rats for each group.Normal saline.20 ms/kg levodopa,80 ms/kg levodopa were intragastrically administered once per day after modeling respectively for 4 weeks.F-VEP was recorded after establishment of model and administration of drug respectively.The rats were sacrificed and the visual cogex was obtained for histological examination,and TUNEL technique was used to assess the structural change of visual cortex.Results The latency of P1 wave was significantly longer in the deprived eye than the normal eyes(P<0.05).After administration of levodopa,the latent periods of Pl wave in the deprived eye were obviously shortened in comparison with before administration of levodopa in 20 ms/kg and 80 mg/kg levodopa group (P<0.05).The difference values of latent period of P1 wave between before and after administration of drug showed statistically significant change in three groups(P<0.05).No evidently alterations were found in the amplitude differences of N1 P1 and P1 N2 waves among three groups(P>0.05).The number and structure of neurons in contralateral visual cortex of non-deprived eye were normal.However,the numbers of neurons in deprived eye were significantly less and presented the signs of para-apoptosis in normal saline group.In 20 mg/kg levodopa groups,the alterations of number and morphology in neurons of rat visual eogex were slight.TUNEL assay revealed that the numbers of positive neurons in contralateral visual codex of non-deprived eye were 2.20±1.23.while those in deprived eye were 53.7±9.36,27.20 4±5.96 and 10.70±3.23 in normal saline group,20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg levodopa group respectively,showing a significant difference among them(P>0.05).After usage of levodopa,the numbers of positive neurons was negatively correlated with the difference value of P,latent period of VEP(r=-0.815,P=0.000).Conclusion Levodopa has a therapeutic effect on rat deprived eye,and its possible mechanism is inhibiting the para-apoptosis of neurons and participating in the development and plasticity of visual system.

0.05).Using Hamilton depression (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety (HAMA) rating scales, or using HAMD, HAMA and social disability screening schedule (SDSS) to determine the prognosis groups, the change of platelet 5-HT content had significant difference in the group with good prognosis (P

According to ICH, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and supplementary requirements on the separation and purification of herbal extract with macroporous adsorption resin by SFDA, hexane, acetidine, ethanol, benzene, methyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, diethyl-benzene and divinyl-benzene of residual organic solvents and macroporous resin residues in Akebia saponin D were determined by headspace capillary GC. Eleven residues in Akebia saponin D were completely separated on DB-wax column, with FID detector, high purity nitrogen as the carry gases. The calibration curves were in good linearity (0.999 2-0.999 7). The reproducibility was good (RSD < 10%). The average recoveries were 80.0% -110%. The detection limit of each component was far lower than the limit concentration. The method is simple, reproducible, and can be used to determine the residual organic solvents and macroporous resin residues in Akebia saponin D.
Chromatography, Gas ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the effects of early activities combined with evodia hot salt pack applying to the navel in prophylaxis against abdominal distension after surgery for gynecological malignancies.Methods 318 patients suffered from gynecological malignancies were randomly divided into three groups,activity group (n =102),vitamin B1 group ( n =110) and evodia group ( n =106 ).The activity group began activities within 24 hours after surgery; the vitamin B1 group,in addition to the traditional nursing,received injection of vitamin B1 through tsu-san-li meridians,each side with 50mg; the evodia group,besides the activities,was managed with evodia mixed with hot salt pack applied to the navel.The incidence of abdominal distension,the average time of bowel sound recovery,the first time of flatus passing and defecation of the three groups were compared.Results The incidence of abdominal distension in the evodia group ( 16.9％ ) was significantly lower than that in the activity group (55.9％) and the vitamin B1 group (67.3％) ( x2 =70.50,P ＜ 0.01 ).The average time of bowel sound recovery,the first time flatus passing and defecation in the evodia group [ (30.02 ±4.37)h,(42.16 ± 16.03 )h,(72.62 ± 20.79 )h] was significantly shorter than those in the activity group [ (40.57 ±5.27)h,(74.25 ± 12.14)h,(135.33 ±40.18) h] and the vitamin B1 group [ (44.23 ± 12.16)h,(77.25±16.32)h,(139.71 ±38.25)h] (F=8.88,4.37,5.49; P＜0.01).Conclusions Early activities after surgery combined with evodia hot salt pack applying to the navel could effectively facilitate the recovery of gastrointestinal function for patients suffered from gynecological malignancies and prevent abdominal distension.

Connexin43 has been shown to play a pivotal role in wound healing process. Wound repair is enhanced by acute downregulation of connexin43, by increasing proliferation and migration of keratinocyte and fibroblast. Angiogenesis is also a central feature of wound repair, but little is known about the effects of connexin43 modulation on functions of endothelial cells. We used connexin43 specific small interference RNA (siRNA) to reduce the expression of connexin43 in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and investigated the effects of connexin43 downregulation on intercellular communication, viability, proliferation, migration and angiogenic activity of HUVEC. Treatment of siRNA markedly reduced the expression of connexin43 by -80% in HUVEC (P < 0.05), and decreased the intercellular communication by -65% (P < 0.05). The viability, proliferation, migration and angiogenic activity of HUVEC decreased significantly (P < 0.05), compared with that of the normal cells. The results suggest that temporally downregulation of connexin43 expression at early stage of wound to inhibit the abnormal angiogenesis characterized with leaky and inflamed blood vessels, maybe a prerequisite for coordinated normal healing process.
Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND:Different methods and biomaterials have been applied in animal experiments and clinical practice to prevent the formation of epidural scars,Biodegradable and sticky semi-fluid gels are the most often used material.Salvia miltforrhiza radix (SMR) and carbomer have been clinically confirmed to be the safe and effective drugs and gel agents. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of SMR-gel on preventing epidural adhesion after laminectomy.DESIGN:A complete randomized grouping design, a controlled experiment. SETTING:Department of Orthopaedics,Shenzhen People's Hospital (Second Clinical College of Jinan University). MATERIALS:Thirty-six healthy pure New Zealand rabbits were used,either male of female,clean degree,2-3 years of age. They were randomly divided into four groups with 9 rabbits in each group:blank control group,gel contro group, HA group and SMR-gel group. Carbomer934 powder (Shanghai People's Pharmaceutical Factory, batch number: 20000510) , hyaluronic acid (HA) [Shandong Bausch & Lomb Freda Pharaceutical, Co., Ltd.,No.H10960136,2 mL (20 mg)].METHODS:The experiments were carried out in the animal laboratory of Shenzhen People's Hospital from April 2002 to August 2003.①Preparing SMR-gel:SMR was prepared into extract powder.Carbomer934 powder was added by water for dissolving and swelling and stayed overnight,then SMR-gel was prepared by dipping with triethanolamine,adding with SMR extract powder (2 g),then adding with purified water till 100.0 g and stirring uniformly.②The rabbits were anesthetized. and the lamina of vertebra was totally resected at L3 and L6 (reserving superior and Inferior articular processes).then defects of 10 mm×5 mm were made to expose the dura mater.The vertebral defects were added with 1 mL carbomer gel, 1 mL HA (20 g/L) and 1 mL SMR-gel in the gel control group,HA group and SMR-gel group respectively.whereas nothing was added in the blank control group.③Gross samples:Three rabbits were killed 4,6 and 8 weeks postoperatively in each group.vertebraI ventral fascia were stripped to remove the spinal segments (L3,L6) for operation completely,and totally 24 samples for each time.One sample was selected in each group 4 weeks postoperatively. and the samples were observed under H-600 transmission electron microscope (Hitachi). ④The adhesion compactness of scar tissue with dura mater was evaluated in the 24 samples of the 4 groups at 8 weeks postoperatively:There were 4 grades:No obvious adhesion between dural sac and scar tissue for grade O:Extensive and compact adhesion between dural sac and scar tissue. impossible blunt dissection between dural sac and scar tissue.incomplete dural sac after sharp dissection for grade Ⅲ.Each spinal segment was cut into 4 parts equally,and all were prepared into sections and stained,then the thickness of epidural scar was determined with Tiger2000 image analyzer. ⑤The rank sum test was used in the scar adhesion compactness grading evaluated with naked eyes,whereas analysis of variance.and two-two comparison were used in analyzing the thickness of epidural scar.P＜0.05 was considered as significant difference.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Results of gross scar adhesion compactness grading at 8 weeks and comparison of the thickness of epidural scar at 4.6 and 8 weeks;②Results of gross observation,histological examination and ultrastructure.RESULTS: All the 36 rabbits were involved in the analysis of results. ①Results of gross observation and pathohistological examination:There was compact adhesion at each time point in the blank control group,part adhesion in the gel control group and HA group, and no obvious adhesion in the SMR-gel group.②Results of quantitative analysis:The rabbits with lower scores of scar adhesion compactness grading In the blank control group,gel control group and HA group were obviously fewer than those in the SMR-gel group (W=45-52,P＜0.05-0.01).The scar thickness at 4 and 8 weeks in the SMR-gel group was obviously less than that in the other 3 groups(F=128.657,152.246,80.891,P＜0.01).③Results of observation under transmission electron microscope:The proliferation of fibroblasts at 4 week was active in the blank control group,gel control group and HA group,but inactive in the SMR-gel group.CONCLUSION:①SMR can inhibit the fibroblasts to proliferate,differentiate and synthetize into secretory collagens,and then inhibit the formation of epidural scar adhesion.②HA can be absorbed by organs very early,which reduces its role in preventing adhesion.Whereas carbomer gel can stay longer, and it plays a role in inhibiting and blocking adhesion in the whole process of wound repairing.

Objective To explore the strategies for diagnosis and treatment of anomalous junction of pancreaticobiliary duct (AJPBD) complicated by acute pancreatitis. Methods The clinical dataof 22 patients with abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence of acute pancreatitis in this series was 31.8 % (7/22), thereinto, 5 cases(71.4%) in C-Ptype (the common bile duct joining the pancreatic duct) and 2(28.6%) in P-C type (the pancreatic duct joining the common bile duct). Seven patients underwent ERCP+ EST+ ENBD. Two patients with common bile duct stones were treated with stone basket and cholecystectomy was performed in two cases with gallstone. All patients were successfully treated. The follow-up for l year showed that there was no recurrence of pancreatitis. Conclusion Acute pancreatitis usually occurs in patients with AJPBD, especially in C-P type or with gallbladder stone or common bile duct stone. ERCP+EST+ENBD and prophylactic cholecystectomy are effective to prevent and treat acute pancreatitis.

1.0?10~7 copies/mL. The HBsAg IHC staining positive cells could be observed in 6 placental tissues and 3 fetus' liver tissues,and HBcAg was also positive in 1 case of fetus' liver tissue.After co-incubating the tropho- blastic cells and HBV DNA positive serum in vitro,HBsAg expression and HBV DNA could be detected.Apoptosis of HBV-infected trophoblastic cells increased,which was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments and the apoptosis of placental cells was correlated with the cord blood HBV DNA level.The results of in vitro experiments showed that the apoptosis of trophoblastic cells increased with the elongation of infection time.After 6 months,1 of 12 newborns was positive for HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBc,6 was positive for anti-HBs.Conclusions The mechanism of HBV intra-uterine infection may be that HBV breaches the placental barrier and infects the fetus.The localization and replication of HBV in fetal tissues and organs are probably the important factors of chronic HBV infections in neonates.The apoptosis of trophoblastic cells may be the protective mecha- nism for the placental barrier to block the HBV intra-uterine transmission.

Objective To explore the effect of levetiracetam(LEV)on cognitive function and quality of life of patients with partial seizure.Methods There were two phase for this study.Phase one was a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study for 16 weeks.Phase two was an open label period for 24 weeks.Medicated patients underwent test on the cognitive function and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)at the baseline respectively at the end of 16 weeks and at the end of 40 weeks.Results(1) Compared the result at the end of 16 weeks with the baseline,LEV group used less time to do Wisconsin card sorting test(WCST,reduce scores -110.3),delayed logical memory were improved(reduce scores 3.4,P