Instructional system design is an important component of instruction. Chaos theory is used in instructional system design of clinical teaching. Application of butterfly effect, fractals and strange attractors theory enhances students’clinical capabilities and comprehensive ability to analyze and solve problems.

The study aims to investigate the embryo-fetus development toxicity of the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 on SD rats. The pregnant rats that were randomly divided into the solvent control group (1% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose water solution) and HS060098 suspension groups (10, 30 and 100 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1)) were orally administered with HS060098 suspension or vehicle during the gestation of 6 -15 days (GD6-15). At termination (GD20), female rats were sacrificed. The pregnant females were evaluated by corpora lutea count, implantation sites, existence and death of embryos. Fetal sex, weight, externals, variations and malformations of viscus and skeleton were observed. The results show that there were no significant abnormality in maternal general conditions and fetal appearance as well as viscera, but in the 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) group, the maternal weight gain decreased greatly (P < 0.01) and the skeletal ossification delayed remarkably (P < 0.01); in the 30 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1) group, the fatal and litter number of incompletely ossified sternebrae II was higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); the skeletal malformations occurred in all dose groups, which indicate that the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 had maternal toxicity and adversely effected fetal skeletal development under the experimental conditions.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Embryonic Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Fetal Weight ; PPAR delta ; agonists ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Toxicity Tests

A mature appressorium cDNA library of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, was constructed in a ?TriplEx2 vector by SMARTTM cDNA library containing 2.37?106 independent clones about 100% of which harbor foreign cDNA inserts with average size of 660 bp. Of 9 randomly selected clones, 2 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequences did not have homologous EST sequences of M. grisea in GenBank. The appressorium cDNA library is suitable for gene expression analysis and function analysis of the late stages of appressorium formation and the early stages of penetration of M. grisea.

Objective To investigate the effects of anticardiolipin antibodies positive serum from patients with recurrent pregnancy loss on the proliferation of BeWo cells as well as the modulation of heparin on the growth of BeWo cell.Methods Thirty patients with recurrent pregnancy loss whose anticardiolipin antibodies were positive and thirty healthy women with a history of term delivery were selected.Their sera were separately added to BeWo cell culture systems which contained either heparin or not.After 24 hours, the PCNA and 490 nm A value were detected by immunofluorescence and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),and the proliferation of BeWo cell was evaluated.Results In the culture systems with heparin and normal serum,normal serum,heparin and serum with positive autoantibody,serum with positive autoantibody,the mean fluorescence gray scale values of PCNA were 34.8?3.1,33.8?1.8,33.4?2.2 and 25.1?2.3,the 490 nm A values were 0.0560?0.0033,0.0535?0.0024,0.0524?0.0027 and 0.0350?0.0040,respectively.Conclusions The serum with anticardiolipin antibodies from patients with recurrent pregnancy loss can influence the prospective potency of BeWo cell,inhibit cell proliferation in vitro.Through this direct effect on biological behaviour of the trophoblastic cell,it will lead to recurrent pregnancy loss,whereas heparin can increase the ratio of pregnancy by reversing such effects in those patients.

Elucidate the mechanism of Eucommiae Cortex in treatment of hypertension, to provide the basis for further research and development of Eucommiae Cortex. Our study using the entity grammar systems inference rules to analyse the interactions of chemical constituents of Eucommiae Cortex and disease target proteins at the molecular level, and got a biological network of Eucommiae Cortex anti-hypertension which inciude 602 nodes and 2 354 edges. We got 3 treatment of hypertension pathways of Eucommiae Cortex by analyzing biological network, that is, by inhibition of vascular remodeling to improve the deterioration of hypertension, reduce activity of polymorphism genetic genes related to essential hypertension, inhibition of carbonic anhydrase 1 to maintain the osmotic pressure, Eucommiae Cortex play the role of anti-hypertension.
Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Essential Hypertension ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical features of respiratory diseases of late preterm neonates.

METHODSSix hundred and thirty late preterm infant(gestational age: 34~36+6weeks),4401 cases of term infants and 328 early preterm infants who were born at the obstetrical department of Peking University 3rd Hospital from January 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled. Among them 84 late preterm infants, 135 term infants and 182 early preterm infants developed respiratory diseases. The incidence of respiratory diseases,clinical features and the severity of the diseases were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe incidence and mortality rates of respiratory diseases and the percentage of severe cases were significantly higher in the late preterm group than in the term group, but lower than in the early preterm group (P<0.01). The symptoms of respiratory disease occurred earlier in the late preterm group than in the term group, but later than in the early preterm group (P<0.01). The late preterm group had a significantly higher incidence of tachypnea and lower incidence of retraction sign when compared with the term and early preterm groups (P<0.05). The percentages requiring oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in the late preterm group were both significantly higher than in the term group, but lower than in the early preterm group (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed 11 factors associated with the severity of respiratory diseases: decreased arterial partial pressure of oxygen, hematokrit, pH value and respiratory rate, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation, systolic arterial pressure, 5 minute Apgar score and gestational age, and increased blood urea nitrogen, heart rate and respiratory rate.

CONCLUSIONSLate preterm infants are more likely to develop respiratory diseases than term infants, and to develop a more severe condition and need a more intensive respiratory support treatment. Tachypnea is a common presentation of dyspnea in late preterm infants and occurs earlier than in term infants but later than in early preterm infants. It may usually indicate a serious condition when dyspnea, abnormal heart rate and blood pressure, and multisystem damages occur in late preterm infants.

Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether connective tissue growth factor (CGGF) is expressed in mast cells (MCs) in lung in the development of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

METHODSThirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: BLM group and control group (n=16). The rats in BLM group were received single intratracheal instillation of BLM (5 mg/kg), and the rats in control group received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline(NS) to BLM. The rats in each group were sacrificed for lung tissue sampling on day 14 and day 28 after intratracheal instillation respectively. As the index of the severity of pulmonary fibrosis, the content of hydroxyproline in lungs was analyzed by chloramine T method. Mast cells and CTGF expression in lungs were examined by toluidine blue stain and immunohistochemical assay respectively.

RESULTS(1) On day 28 after intratracheal instillation of BLM, the content of hydroxyproline in lungs of rats was higher than that of control rats (P < 0.01). (2) Compared to control rats, the rats on day 14 and day 28 after instillation of BLM showed increased number of mast cells (Both P < 0.01) and up-regulated CTGF expression (Both P < 0.01). (3) No CTGF immuno-positive MCs were seen in the lungs of control rats whereas CTGF immuno-positive MCs were observed in the pathological areas in lungs of rats on day 14 and day 28 after BLM.

CONCLUSIONCTGF is expressed in MCs in lungs in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which might be one of the mechanisms underling promoting effect of MCs on fibrosis in lung.

Animals ; Bleomycin ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mast Cells ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the basic clinical characteristics of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) in children.

METHODTo retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 12 PNS children who were hospitalized in neurology department in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2011. Some patients were followed up after surgery.

RESULTIn 12 patients with PNS, 11 were male and 1 was female. The mean onset age were (30.5 ± 15.3) months. The mean duration from neurological symptom onset to finding out of tumor was (112.7 ± 154.4) days. The onset of the disease in 2 patients was acute, in 3 was subacute and in the other 7 was chronic (2 of 7 had 2 to 3 relapses). Of 12 patients, 11 had symptoms of ataxia (3 patients also had opsoclonus and myoclonus, OMS), 1 had weakness of limbs at onset and then had ataxia. Nine of 12 patients had surgery, and pathologic diagnosis was neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Six patients were followed-up for 8 to 21 months. One patient had a little improvement and 5 almost recovered.

CONCLUSIONThe PNS children can have neurological symptoms only at the onset and there were no particular evidence of tumor. It is prone to misdiagnosis. The prognosis of PNS in children was poor.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Ganglioneuroma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuroblastoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies

A mature appressorium cDNA library of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, was constructed in a lambdaTriplEx2 vector by SMART cDNA library containing 2.37x10(6) independent clones about 100% of which harbor foreign cDNA inserts with average size of 660 bp. Of 9 randomly selected clones, 2 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequences did not have homologous EST sequences of M. grisea in GenBank. The appressorium cDNA library is suitable for gene expression analysis and function analysis of the late stages of appressorium formation and the early stages of penetration of M. grisea.
Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Gene Library ; Magnaporthe ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (tadalafil) on the testis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODSEighty-four healthy adult male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into groups A (sham operation), B (testicular torsion + low-dose tadalafil), C (testicular torsion + high-dose tadalafil), and D (testicular torsion + placebo). Models were established in the latter three groups by 7200 torsion of the right testis for 2 hours. The animals in groups A and B were treated by gavage with tadalafil at the dose of 0. 5 mg per kg per day, those in group C at 2 mg per kg per day, and those in group D with saline at the same dose. After 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment, the torsioned testes were harvested for evaluation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the testis tissue. The pathological changes in the testis were observed under the light microscope.

RESULTSAt 3, 7, and 14 days, the SOD activity was (254.46 +/- 7.43), (278.49 +/- 8.33), and (317.99 +/- 3.31) nU/mg prot in group B, and (277.12 +/- 8.80), (309.40 +/- 2.14), and (320.39 +/- 4.72) nU/mg prot in group C, all obviously higher than in D ([223.21 +/- 4.65], [231.45 +/- 4.16] and [248.28 +/- 5.74] nU/mg prot), while the MDA content was lower in the former two groups than in the latter. At 3 and 7 days, the SOD activity was significantly higher and the MDA level significantly lower in group C than in B (both P < 0.01) , while at 14 days, neither showed any remarkable differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No obvious histopathological change was observed in the testis tissue of group A. At 3 and 7 days, pathological examination of the testis tissue revealed significant differences in the number of seminiferous epithelial layers, testicular histological score, and seminiferous tubule diameter in group B (P < 0.01), but the three indexes at 14 days in group B and at 7 days in group C exhibited no remarkable differences from those at 14 days in group A.

CONCLUSIONTadalafil can alleviate testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury following testis torsion/detorsion in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Seminiferous Tubules ; pathology ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; complications ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tadalafil ; Testis ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors