AIM: To analyze the amblyopia morbidity status of young children in Shaanxi city of Xi'an Province, and to explore the related risk factors. ·METHODS: Totally 10268 children between 3-6 years old were screened in 8 kindergartens in our city from March 2012 to April 2016 via a simple non-repeated sampling method, and sight, eye position, eye movement examination were mainly implemented;10g/L atropine mydriatic optometry was taken to detect eye fundus examination, and to eliminate organic lesion. There were 528 amblyopic children were set as the observation group, 500 healthy children who were treated in our hospital at the same time were set as the control group. Single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were carried out for children with amblyopia. ·RESULTS:In a survey, the incidence rate of amblyopia among young children in Shaanxi Xi'an was 5. 14%. Ametropic amblyopia accounted for the highest proportion (61. 4%), and lesion extent was usually mild to moderate, ametropic amblyopia accounted for 24. 1%, which was inferior to that was the strabismus accounted as 12. 9%, rare were form deprivation amblyopia accounted for 1. 7%. General data analysis showed that, there were significant differences between the two groups in maternal gestational age, gestational weeks and times of pregnancy, smoking history of parents, family genetic history of myopia (P<0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pregnancy when old, mother's smoking history, family genetic history of myopia and short gestational weeks were risk factors for amblyopia in young children (P<0. 05). · CONCLUSION: There is a certain oneset risk of amblyopia in young children in Shaanxi Xi'an. Attention should be paid to educate eye care knowledge, organize regular visual screening, ensure early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment.

Objective: To discuss the effect of Chinese materia medica on xerostomia of patients with head and neck tumor undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: 56 Cases of xerostomia of patients with head and neck tumor undergoing radiotherapy were treated with Chinese materia medica which had the effect of clearing heat and lowering pathogenic fire, nourishing yinn and promoting fluid production. I Month later, the evaluation of xerostomia was done. Results: The effective rate reached 46.4%,the improved rate was 44.6%,the total effective rate was 91.0%,and the ineffective rate was 9.0%。Conclusion: The Chinese materia medica with effect of clearing heat and lowering pathogenic fire, nourishing yinn and promoting fluid production can promote salivary secretion, relieve the dry mouth, improve the life quality.

Objective To investigate the hypothesis that food allergy in infants may be associated with variation in their intestinal microflora. The formation of intestinal microflora in healthy infants and changes in food allergic infants were detected.Methods 16S rRNA gene sequences specific for bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and escherichia coli in fecal were quantitatively detected by real-time PCR. The three fecal floras were assessed in 71 healthy infants and 100 infants with food allergy. Results After birth,there were bifidobacteria colonized in infantile intestine,then the number increased rapidly up to 5 times at the sixth month, which was always the preponderant flora. Lactobacilli was also presented in infantile intestine 1 month after birth and augment gradually. The number of Escherichia coli was less than bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and appeared to decline during the early infants. The number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the infants with food allergy were markedly less than that in the healthy infants, but escherichia coli was significantly more than that in the healthy infants.Conclusions During the first year of life,the intestinal microflora in infants is in a developing process. Compared with the healthy infants,bifidobacteria and lactobacilli decrease, but escherichia coli increase in the food allergic infants.These results indicate that the probiotics may be benefit to the prevention and treatment of food allergy.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Translocation, Genetic

In the present study, we observed the effects of cholinergic enhancement by pyridostigmine (PD), a cholinesterases inhibitor, on GH release in both normal (n = 13) and GH deficient children and adolescents (n = 8). Responses of GH to insulin hypoglycemia were also observed. In the normal subjects, PD-induced serum GH peak levels were significantly higher than that induced by insulin (P

Objective To investigate the effect of astragaloside,one of the active components of astragalus membranaceus,on myocardial nerve growth factor(NGF)expression in murine myocarditis model with coxsackievirus B(CVB_3).Methods One hundred Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups.Group A [n=10,treated with carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) 0.1 mL,ig,for 1 week] were served as normal controls group and group B(n=10,treated with 9% astragaloside 0.1 mL,ig,for 1 week)as high-dose control.Eighty infected mice treated with CMC and 1%,3%,9% astragaloside 0.1 mL,ig,for 1 week (n=20 in each group)were served as group C(myocarditic control group),D(low-dose intervention group),E(middle-dose intervention group),F(high-dose intervention group),respectively.The mice were killed and their hearts were removed after 14 days.The expression levels of NGF mRNA and protein in the myocardium were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results The mortality was significantly reduced in 9% astragaloside treated infected mice that was 10%(2/20)vs 45%(9/20)in group C(P

Strain QJ16,one of some methanotrophic bacteria isolated from soil samples utilizing the separate device designed by our laboratory;was studied in detail and identified as one of the Genus methylomonas through 16S rDNA sequencing and comparison. The culturing and reaction conditions for methane utilization of this strain were investigated. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for the growth of strain QJ16 were methane gas as carbon source and the coexistence of NH4Cl and KNO3 as nitrogen source,the cultivation temperature of 30℃ and medium initial pH 6～7,and the optimal Cu2+ concentration of 15 ?mol/L.

Objective To evaluate the effects of selected decontamination of the digestive tract(SDD) on intestinal derived endotoxmia,inflammation mediator and clinical outcome in patients of rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement operation with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Thirty patients with CPB were randomly divided into control group(n=15) and treatment group(SDD group,n=15).The patients in control group routinely took preoperative preparation while those in treatment group orally administrated Tobramycin 100 mg,garlicin 40 mg and Lactulose 10ml three times per day in addition to routinely preoperative bowel preparation.The levels of endotoxin,D-lactate,TNF-? and complement 3 were measured at four time points of anesthetic induction,CPB end,2 h and 24 h after CPB.Results The level of D-lactate in the patients of SDD group was significantly lower than that of the control group at time points of anesthetic induction and 2 h after CPB(P0.05).Conclusion The endotoxemia can be induced by CPB.The regime of SDD is an effective way of preventing endotoxemia,but it may not have effect on inflammation medium and clinical outcome.

Mind map is an effective and intuitive knowledge organization and presentation tool which can help computer teaching commendably. We can use Mind Map to design and organize the whole teaching process, including preparing, designing, guiding, analyzing and reviewing. This way can turns tedious logic of computer teaching into imagery thinking and helps medical students improv-ing their learning effect of computer courses.

Glaucoma,optical neuritis and trauma are optic nerve injury-related diseases.These ocular diseases cause irreversible damage of the vision and even blindness.The study on optic nerve regeneration is a powerful approach for rescuing vision and improving the quality of life of patients.Therefore,how to promote optic nerve regeneration is always the focus in ophthalmology.In recent years,great progression has achieved by modulation of cellular signal pathway,usage of glial cells,stem cells and neurotrophic factor,etc,which lays a basis for the treatment of optic nerve injury.Ophthalmologist should trace and participate in these researches to promote the development of regeneration medicine.This review summarizes these new approaches after discussing factors effecting optic nerve regeneration briefly and proposes questions to answer.