Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Gene Targeting ; methods ; Humans ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the achievement goal questionnaire(AGQ).Methods The English version of the AGQ was translated into Chinese which was then translated into English again to verify that the Chinese version was the same constructs as the original version.Stratified chester sampling method was used for 1115 university students.Additionally,internal consistency,test-retest and confirmatory factor analyses were analyzed.Results (1) All of the NFI (0.941),CFI (0.953),TLI (0.924),x2/df (2.386),REMEA (0.046) met the criteria standards for adequacy of fit.The factors loadings ranged from 0.47 to 0.93 ; the squared multiple correlations were 0.22-0.86.(2) The invariance of the AGQ across gender was supported.(3)The Cronbach's α coefficient of the AGQ was 0.83;the test-reliability coefficient was 0.77 ;the mean interitem correlation coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.57.(4) The correlation coefficients of the four factors with the total scale score ranged from 0.54 to 0.77,and the correlation coefficients among the four factors ranged from 0.06 to 0.61.Performance approach and master approach goal was significantly positive correlations with self-esteem.Performance avoidance and mastery avoidance goal was significantly negative correlations with self-esteem,but positively with anxiety.Master approach goal was significantly negative correlations with anxiety.Conclusion The Chinese version of the AGQ is a reliable and valid method for assessing achievement goal in Chinese-speaking sample.

Objective To explore the clinical results of arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) for treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods Twelve cases with subacromial impingement syndrome from October 1998 to November 2003 were retrospectively studied. There was one case at degree Ⅰ, five at degree Ⅱ and six at degree Ⅲ according to Neer classification. Preoperative X-ray of obverse shoulder joint and outlet supraspinatus muscle was made. Seven cases was examined with ultrasonography and 10 with MRI or MRA. All cases were treated with arthroscopic subacromial decompression and arthroscopic acromioplasty and six cases underwent simultaneously arthroscopic suture of the rotator cuff. Results The follow up for 1-6 years (average 26 months) showed significant statistical difference upon preoperative UCLA score and postoperative UCLA score that were 16.9?4.0 and 32.5?1.4, respectively (t=-14.027,P﹤0.01). The results were excellent in two cases and good in ten. All cases were satisfied with the operation. Conclusions ASD is shown to be an effective procedure for subacromial impingement syndrome and has the advantages of minimal trauma and rapid postoperative recovery.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Adult ; Burnout, Professional ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Staff ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Age Distribution ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To study the distribution of variable number tande repeat(VNTR) polymorphisms of the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅰ b? in Han nationality at Harbin and the relationship between these polymorpbisms and cerebral infarction(CI).Methods The identification of alleles and genotypes of VNTR polymorphism of the glycoprotein Ⅰ b? gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)in 200 healthy individuls and 200 CI patients(77 lacunar infarction patients and 123 atherosclerotic thrombotic infarction patients),to analyze The relationship between gene polymorphisms and cerebral infarction.Results(1)There were three types of alleles:B、C、D,and five types genotypes:BC,BD,CC, CD,DD in Harbin Han nationality.No person with A allele and BB genotype was found.(2)No statistically significant differences of GP Ⅰ b? gene VNTR polymorphism was found between CI patients or subtype CI patients and controls(P=0.412 and 0.572,respectively).Conclusions(1)This study indicates that the C and D alleles of VNTR polymorphisms of GP Ⅰ b? are the main alleles while the CC and CD genotypes are the main genotypes in Harbin Han people.(2)Our findings indicate that no association exists between the VNTR polymorphism of platelet GP Ⅰ b? gene and CI.

Adult ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Peracetic Acid ; toxicity

Objective To investigate the thermal effects on tissue structures during microwave endometrial ablation(MEA)and seek a feasible method of endometrial thinning and a fitting mode of applicator radiating microwaves.Methods Operations were performed between the group of thorough uterine curettage and the group of early follicular phase in in vitro or in vivo uterus.The former was treated with MEA after thorough uterine curettage;while the latter was treated with MEA in the early follicular phase directly.The applicator radiating microwaves were moved in "Z" or "Z+W" shape inside uterine cavity.At the same time the serosal temperature was measured in the uterine fundus,tael cornua uteri,the posterior wall and the lower part of anterior wall.After operations the uterine specimens were stained by hematoxylin- eosin,and respiratory enzyme dehydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase(NADH-d) methods.The morphologic changes and the depth of tissue thermal damage were evaluated using an optical microscope and electron microscope.Results(1)Under the optical microscope the endometrial glands became distorted,the cell boundaries disappeared,the nucleoli turned condensed and were stained darker. A large number of acute inflammatory cells appeared in fibrous tissue.In the shallow muscle layer cells were arrayed thickly,nucleoli were solidified and condensed,and cellular plasm were concentrated.The endometrial and the superficial muscle layers were damaged and colorless with NADH-d staining.The scope of the tissue thermal damage was clearly seen.Under an electron microscope,some smooth muscle ceils, chromatin,karyotheca and cellular membranes were destroyed.The mitochondria were swollen,membranes were ruptured,and the crista disappeared.Many organelles were destroyed.The chromatin was lightly wrecked in the transitional area between putrescence and the normal smooth muscle tissue.Karyotheca and cellular plasm still existed,the mitochondria were highly edematous and the crista were disappeared,and the granular endoplasmic reticula were slightly expanded and degranulated.(2)The serosal temperature in in vitro uterus was significantly higher than that in in vivo uterus(P0.05).The injury depth of the "Z+ W" radiation group increased significantly than that of the " Z" radiation group(P

OBJECTIVETo find out the situation of the implementation on "rules on stop smoking in the public places in Beijing", a study was carried out to compare the results from 1997 and 2001.

METHODSThousands of residents aged above 15 in a family were sampled by stratified sampling, and 4 districts were selected as study locales.

RESULTS(1) About 40% of the department or school leaders considered much about the work on banning of smoking with 70 % of the departments or schools having posters of signs on 'ban on smoking' in the meeting rooms. (2) Some of the departments or schools had inspectors looking after the issue. (3) 60% of the people had never or 10% had seen that the inspectors ever criticizing or punishing the smokers who violating the rules. (4) People still often saw some one would smoke in public (the rates were 19.53% , 37.89% , 6.35% respectively in 1997,2001,2004 ). (5) People received the information of these rules through TV news or newspaper.

CONCLUSIONAlthough success had been achieved since the implementation of the Rules, it did not seem to have had substantial progress.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Smoking Prevention

Objective To report outcomes of patients with PSA ≥ 30 μg/L with initial negative transperineal template-guided saturation biopsy (TTSB). Methods From 2003 to 2010,a total of 1824 patients underwent transperineal saturation biopsies with the prostate template at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital.44 of them had initial negative biopsy with PSA ≥ 30 μg/L were reviewed in this study.The mean age was 68 years old (range,51 to 80).The mean biopsy cores were 28.7 (range,11 to 44).The median PSA level was 40 μg/L (range,30 to 128),and the median prostate volume was 73 ml (range,30 to 190).They were divided into four groups:TURP group,chronic prostatitis group,repeat biopsy group and miscellaneous group. Results Patients were followed up for a mean of 49 months (range,12 to 91).All patients of TURP group (15 cases) were identified as prostatic hyperplasia by postoperative pathology.2 of them had a second TTSB for PSA ＞ 10 μg/L after TURP,which were negative.5 patients of chronic prostatitis group had a declining PSA level after antibiotic therapy for 3 to 4 weeks.One patient took a second biopsy,which was identified as prostatitis.All patients of repeat biopsy group (18 cases) showed no significant decrease in PSA level during follow-up and undertook biopsies 2 to 4 times,6 of which were proved to be prostate cancer.All patients of the miscellaneous group (6 cases) had a declining PSA and didn't take a second biopsy. Conclusions Close follow-up and regular PSA testing for patients who had a high PSA level with initial negative biopsy would be help to avoid both false negative of prostate cancer and unnecessary biopsy.