Objective To explore the feasibility of evaluating the lung function by MSCT in emphysema.Methods The MSCT scan and pulmonary function tests(PFF)were respectively performed in 147 receptors within one week.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:group A(120 receptors), including normal,mild,moderate and severe abnormal pulmonary function based on the PFT,for comparing the correlation between pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT pulmonary function and PFT and settingup the primary grade criteria of abnormal pulmonary function in emphysema,group B(27 receptors)for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy in group A.The total lung was respectively scanned at the full inspiration and full expiration with MSCT.The pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT were measured with Siemens Pulmo pulmonary quantitative software.Results There was correlation between pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT and PFF.The Piex/in_(-910)showed best correlation with FEV_1%(r=-0.905,P

Objective To understand the skeletal metabolism in glucocorticoids-treated children with kidney diseases and to evaluate the role of Alfacalcidol plus calcium supplements.Methods A retrospective self-controlled study was performed in children with kidney diseases,admitted to Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital from July 2012 to November 2014,and they conformed to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria:children with renal diseases were included when they were administered with glucocorticoids,Alfacalcidol and calcium at the enrollment and follow-up,whose proteinuria was in remission or improved on follow-up,and renal function defined by glomerular filtration rate was more than 80 mL/(min · 1.73 m2),and they were followed up for at least 3 months.Exclusion criteria:whereas on follow-up,children with renal diseases were excluded if glucocorticoids was discontinued,or the follow-up period was less than 3 months,and related parameters were not available at the initial and finial visit.Serum levels of calcium,phosphate,alkaline phosphatase,25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-VitD) were detected,and bone mineral density at the left radius and mid tibia was measured by using quantitative ultrasound at the initial and finial visit.The levels of calcium,phosphate,alkaline phosphatase,25-OH-VitD and bone mineral density were compared between the initial and finial visit.Results A total of 29 cases (23 male,6 female) were recruited.Their ages at study entry were 2.4 to 14.9 years.Underlying disorders were primary nephrotic syndrome(17 cases),IgA nephropathy (4 cases),lupus nephritis (3 cases),purpura nephritis (2 cases),acute glomerulonephritis (1 case),Sjogren's disease(1 case),and autoimmune disease(1 case).At the time of enrollment,the course of disease was 1 to 69 months (median course of disease was 8 months),the duration of using corticosteroid was 0-60 months (median duration was 5 months),and the follow-up time was 92-409 days.The serum calcium,alkaline phosphatase and 25-OH-VitD levels at finial visit[(2.29 ±0.11) mmol/L,(153.21 ±71.00) U/L,and (40.96 ± 11.40) nmol/L,respectively] were significantly higher as compared with those at initial visit [(2.17 ± 0.16) mmol/L,(114.10 ±64.48) U/L,and (31.64 ± 10.99) nmol/L,respectively],and the differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.01),whereas there was no significant difference in serum level of phosphorate between initial and finial visit[(1.45 ±0.25) mmol/L vs.(1.48 ± 0.25) mmol/L] (t =-0.452,P ＞ 0.05).Meanwhile,there was significant difference in serum level of albumin level between initial and finial visit [(31.41 ± 9.31) g/L vs.(42.09 ± 4.00) g/L,t =-3.670,P ＜ 0.001].Compared with baseline assessment,bone mineral density at the left radius and tibia improved or maintained in 24/29 patients,whereas that of 5/29 patients declined.However,compared with initial and finial visit of bone mineral density in all patients(0.09 ± 1.58 vs.0.22 ± 1.07 at the left radius;0.93 ± 1.13 vs.1.00 ± 1.35 at the mid tibia),there was no significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Bone loss can be prevented by Alfacalcidol plus calcium supplement in glucocorticoids-treated children with kidney diseases.

Objective To investigate the expression transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1),Smad7 and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in rats with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the effects of Gypenosides(GPs) treatment on expression of TGF-?,Smad7 and CTGF.Methods Unilateral ureteral Obstruction(UUO) rat animal models were used and the rats were divided into GPs group(Gypenosides 200 mg?Kg~(-1)?d~(-1) by gastric gavage from 3d before the obstruction to 14 days after the induction),model group and sham operated group.The expression of TGF-?1,Smad7 and CTGF in the obstructed kidneys was assessed by RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry and HE staining methods after 3,7,and 14d respectively.The degree of tubulointerstitial damage was scored by Masson staining methods.Results Compared with the sham operated group,the expressions of TGF-?1,CTGF mRNA and protein were markedly increased in UUO group,and the expression of Smad7 mRNA and protein was markedly decreased(all P

Objective To investigate the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene modified neural stem cells (NSCs)transplantation on cerebral ischemic injury in rats.Methods NSCs from newborn rat hippocampus were isolated,cultured in a medium containing fibroblast factor (FGF) in vitro. Their proliferation and differentiation were detected by immunohistochemistry.Virus vectors pLXSN-BDNF were built and BDNF were transfected into NSCs.Biological activity were detected to obtained engineering stem cells of BDNF protein with secretary activity.Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models were made and transplanted with NSCs-BDNF by stereotaxic technique.The effect of transplantation on MCAO models was evaluated histologically and behaviorally.Results Statistical analysis showed that the behavioral performance of the animals improved after transplantation (Longa mark being 1.343?0.293 four weeks after stem cell transplantation).The number of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons increased to 87.5%?6.6% , four weeks after stem cell transplantation on Nissle stained hippocampal sections,which was significantly different from that of controls.Positively BrdU stained neural stem cells revealed by immunohistochemistry in the cultured cells and in the transplanted brain sections,indicated that the engineering cells transplanted had survived in the host brain and began to proliferate.Conclusion Transplantation of BDNF genetically modified NSCs can effectively promote the recovery from cerebral ischemic injury.

Objective The expression and impaired function of ion channels might be one of the pathophysiological mecha -nisms responsible for diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) .Proper animal model is the key to explore detailed pathophysiolog-ical process.The purpose of this study was to build a rat model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice and evaluate diarrhea-associated clinical , histological , pathological parameters and expressions of ion channel protein . Methods C57BL/6J mice of model group were treated with 4%DSS solution for 7 days to induce acute colitis.Mice body weight, stool moisture, stool consistency and the degree of hematochezia were recorded .The histopathological changes of mice colon specimens were observed visually and microcosmically, and the ion channel SLC26A3 protein was detected by Western Blot . Results All experimental mice survived.In the experiment, compared with control group , bloody diarrhea and weight lose occurred in model group , along with increased stool moisture ([73.30 ±8.31]% after experiment vs [44.32 ±6.42]% before experiment, P=0.004), and rapidly in-creased disease activity index (DAI) of acute colitis ([3.50 ±0.87] after experiment vs [1.0 ±0.00] before experiment, P=0.000).At the end of this experiment , compared with control group , the model group resulted in higher colonic damage score and pathological inflammation score (P=0.00, P=0.002), significantly shortened co-lon (P=0.00) and decreased expression of SLC26A3. Conclusion The intestinal mucosal injury and phenotypic features of 4%DSS-induced acute colitis are very similar to those of human ulcerative colitis .Impaired expression of intestinal ion transporter SLC26 A3 coexists with diarrhea in model group mice , and this model can support the research on mechanism of functional changes of ion channels in inflammatory diarrhea .

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of red cell distribution width (RDW) and relationship between RDW and severity of critical illness patients and prognostic role of RDW.Methods This was a prospective observational and diagnostic test study.From February 2011 to May 2013,196 medical patients in ICU were enrolled to study.Blood samples were taken within 24 hrs after admission to ICU for blood routine test and other chemical routine test,including RDW.Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score were also calculated.The patients were divided into survival group (n =126) and death group (n =70) based on their hospital outcomes.Differences in RDW levels and APACHE Ⅱ score between survival and death groups were compared with One-way ANOVA.The correlation between RDW and APACHE Ⅱ score were analyzed by Spearman correlation test.Receiver operator curve (ROC) test was used to determine the predictive value of RDW and APACHE Ⅱ for hospital death.Results Both RDW level and APACHE Ⅱ score were significantly higher in death group than those in survival group,whichwere (13.35 ±2.21) vs.(11.34 ±1.32) and (20.43 ±6.41) vs.(13.94 ±6.77) respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).RDW significantly correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score (r =0.309,P ＜0.01).To predict hospital death area under curve (AUC) of ROC curve by RDW and APACHE Ⅱ score were 0.792 (0.725,0.860) and 0.754 (0.686,0.822) respectively.The best cut-off value was determined by Yoden Index were 12.35 for RDW and 17.5 for APACHE Ⅱ score.The Accuracy of prediction was 76.5％ and 70.4％ respectively.In addition,all the 12 paticnts whose RDW level ＞ 15.4 were dead.Conclusion RDW level at admission to ICU correlate well with the severity of critical illness.RDW level has an additional predictive value for the prognosis of critical ill patients.

Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) has been one of the most effective treatments for prostate cancer.This study is designed to identify the related predictive risk factors for complications in patients following RRP.Between 2000 and 2012 in Department of Urology,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,421 cases undergoing RRP for localized prostate cancer by one surgeon were included in this retrospective analysis.We reviewed various risk factors that were correlated with perioperative complications,including patient characteristics [age,body mass index (BMI),co-morbidities],clinical findings (preoperative PSA level,Gleason score,clinical stage,pathological grade),and surgeon's own clinical practice.Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was used to explain comorbidities.The total rate of perioperative complications was 23.2％ (98/421).There were 45/421 (10.7％),28/421 (6.6％),24/421 (5.7％) and 1/421 (0.2％) in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ respectively,and 323/421 (76.8％) cases had none of these complications.Statistical analysis of multiple potential risk factors revealed that BMI ＞30 (P=0.014),Charlson score ≥1 (P＜0.001) and surgical experience (P=0.0252) were predictors of perioperative complications.Age,PSA level,Gleason score,TNM stage,operation time,blood loss,and blood transfusion were not correlated with perioperative complications (P＞0.05).It was concluded that patients' own factors and surgeons' technical factors are related with an increased risk of development of perioperative complications following radical prostatectomy.Knowing these predictors can both favor risk stratification of patients undergoing RRP and help surgeons make treatment decisions.

The specification of decoction pieces and quality uniformity are the important factors to influence the efficacy of clinical medicine. Considering the deficiency of diversity, poor quality uniformity and confusion of decoction pieces specifications, we first propose a new idea of precision decoction pieces (PDP) based on clinical demands and fresh-processed technology. In order to explain the idea, a study case of aconite SUP is provided, including the optimized specification design, processing technology, extraction effects, quality uniformity, and toxic and efficacy variation and so on. The results showed that preparing 5 mm PDP by fresh-cutting is rather simple and practicable, with high efficiency and large yield; then, this technology could significantly decrease the ingredients loss and increase the efficacy components; moreover, it was helpful for achieving the quality uniformity and best extraction effects. This work revealed the quality superiority of PDP, and provided a good strategy and example for the standard of decoction pieces specification and modernization of processing technology.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Particle Size ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Quality Control

The aim of this study is to develop a convenient and effective method for the identification of heparin from pigs (include Sus scrofa domestica Brisson and Sus scrofa riukiuanus). Based on sequences of D-loop region of pigs and the other animals, two pairs of highly specific primers were designed for distinguishing heparin of pigs from other animals. The primers were employed to amplify D-loop region of DNA templates extracted from pig and seven other animal species that amounted to 49 samples. AS-PCR (allele-specific PCR) and ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) were all suitable for fast identification of heparin from pig with anneal temperature at 54-56 degrees C in AS-PCR and with wider anneal temperature in ARMS,at 52-58 degrees C. An about 170 bp DNA fragments were amplified from separately pigs and whereas no DNA fragment was amplified from other samples under the same reaction condition.
Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; methods ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Heparin ; analysis ; genetics ; Horses ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Quality Control ; Ruminants ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sus scrofa ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between the lung pixel indexes of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) and pulmonary function test (PFT), and to explore the CT features of histograms of lung attenuation.

METHODSMSCT scan and pulmonary function test (PFT) were separately performed in 127 subjects within one week. The total lung was scanned with MSCT at full inspiration, full expiration, and normal respiration. The lung pixel indexes were measured by Pulmo pulmonary quantitative software. These indexes include PI(-910Huin), PI(-960HUEX), PI(-910Huin), PI(-960Huex), PI(-910(Hun), PI(-960Hun), PI(910Huex/in), and the histograms of lung attenuation.

RESULTSCorrelation existed between all the lung pixel indexes of MSCT and PFT. PI(-910Huex/in showed the best correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = 0.901, P < 0.01). Three distribution patterns were found in the histograms of lung attenuation of total lung, including double-peak distribution (n = 28), similar normal distribution (n = 81), and partial distribution (n = 18).

CONCLUSIONThe lung pixel indexes of MSCT have significant correlation with PFT and can be used to assess the pulmonary function.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Tomography, Spiral Computed