A bacterium which can effectively degrade LAS (Linear Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate) was isolated from washing powder manufacturing effluent and was preliminarily identified as Corynebacterium jeikeium GZ6. The bacterium can degrade LAS up to till 700 mg/L, and the optimum pH, temperature and concentration of LAS are 7.0, 30℃ and 400 mg/L, respectively. The biodegradation rate can reach 98.7% after 24 hours'cultivation in the suitable conditions. Experiments also showed that some heavy metal ions such as Hg2+ , Co2+ , Cd2+ can differently inhibit the degradation of LAS.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatments of endometrioid carcinoma patients with preoperative diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia.Methods From 2005 to 2010, 404 patients were diagnosed with endometrioid carcinoma after hysterectomy.Among these patients,44 of them were diagnosed atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH) preoperatively.Retrospectively analysis the characteristics of these patients with SPSS13.0.Results Among the 44 cases, all of them were grade G1 disease, and 39 of them received comprehensive staging surgery.14(32%)young cases preserved bilateral ovaries.9 cases(20%) were given adjuvant radiology.No recurrence was detected during the median follow up of 52 months.Compared to the premenstrual group, although no statistical difference was detected, more patients with risk factors of deep myometrium invasion(4/22 vs 1/22) and lymph-vascular space invasion(LVSI, 3/22 vs 0/22) in the postmenstrual group.Compared to the patients who diagnosed with endometrioid cancer(EC) preoperatively, there are more patients with grade G1(P=0.000), fewer patients received adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.003) and fewer recurrence(P=0.019) in AEH group.Conclusions The endomtrioid cancer patients who diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia preoperatively have better prognosis.Hysterectomy with bilateral ovaries preserved is acceptable in young patients.Post menopause patients have more risk factors of deep myometrium invasion and LVSI.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hospital infection rate and sites of patients in emergency intensive care(unit)(EICU),and provide basis for prevention and treatment of hospital infection.METHODS Patients who were hospitalized in EICU were investigated by retrospective study.RESULTS Among the hospital infection sites,(respiratory) tract was the most frequent one(65.63%),the next was urinary tract(28.13%),and the deep vein was the third(6.25%).The most common hospital infection bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the subjective and objective factors of hospital infection,and the acknowledge of relationship between nursing and hospital infection sites are(important) basis for hospital infection prevention and treatment.

Objective To determine the prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology (PPC) among patients with endometrial cancer and to find out potential risk factors for PPC in endometrial cancer.Methods Data were extracted from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between Jan 1 2005 and Dec 31 2010.Only those patients who had undergone a staging procedure were included.A total of 486 patients were identified.Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher`s exact test, Kaplan-Meier log rank, and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsRate of PPC was 4.8% in endometrial cancer.Non-endometrioid endometrial cancer(P=0.000), stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ(P=0.000), deep myometrial invasion(P=0.001), and cervical stromal involvement(P=0.018) appeared to be risk factors for PPC in endometrial cancer.Univariate analysis revealed statistically difference in 5-year PFS (70.9% vs 90.0%) and 5-year OS (72.2% vs 96.0%).Progression-free survival and overall survival showedstatistically difference(P=0.005,P=0.000)between PPC and NPC endometrial cancer.On multivariate analysis, PPC remained no statistically difference in progression-free survival or overall survival(RR=3.812,95% CI 0.897-16.200,P=0.070;RR=3.426,95% CI 0.800-14.673,P=0.097).Conclusions PPC is not an independent risk factor in patients with endometrial cancer.Aggressive histology, FIGO stage, deep myometrial invasion and cervical stromal involvement are presumed to be associated with PPC in endometrial cancer.

Objective To investigate the high-risk factors of retroperitoneal lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) and the effect of lymph nodes metastasis on prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).Methods Retrospec-tive research was carried out from January 2005 to December 2010 to identify 289 endometrial carcinoma patients treated with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The high-risk factors of retroperitoneal LNM and prognostic factors of this disease were studied.Results 1) The median age at diagnosis was 55 years old.Patients of stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 224 (77.5%), 13 (4.5%), 45 (15.6%) and 7 (2.4%), respectively.Two hundred and eighty-nine patients received pelvic lymphadenectomy, of that 30 (10.4%) patients were found the pelvic LNM.Ninety-six patients received periaortic lymphadenectomy, of that 11 (11.5%) patients were found the periaortic LNM.Twenty-one (7.3%) patients developed recurrent disease and 11 (3.8 %) dead.The median follow-up was 37 months and the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 34 months.2) In univariate analysis, the incidence of LNM significantly increased in patients with CA125 ≥ 35 U/mL preoperatively, non-endometrioid adenocarcinoma, low grade, deep myometrium invasion, diameter of tumor ≥ 2 cm, cervical stroma involvement, positive peritoneal cytology and vagina or parametrial involvement (P<0.05).In multivariate analysis, CA125 ≥ 35 U/mL preoperatively, low grade, deep myometrium invasion were the independent high-risk factors of LNM (P<0.05).3)The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference between positive peritoneal cytology, vagina or parametrial involvement, appendix involvement, LNM and DFS (P<0.05).We also found a significant difference in the impact of non-endometrioid adenocarcinoma, low grade, deep myometrium invasion, positive peritoneal cytology, appendix involvement and LNM on overall survival (OS) (P<0.05).Cox regression analysis revealed retroperitoneal LNM is the independent prognostic factor of 5-year DFS (patients without LNM 92.1% vs patients with LNM 65.3%, P=0.002, 95% CI 0.078-0.552).We also found the trend that the 5-year OS was higher in patients without LNM than them with LNM, even though there was no significant difference(patients without LNM 96.1% vs patients with LNM 70.0%, P=0.086, 95% CI 0.039-1.238).Conclusions 1) there is a predictive value of low grade and deep myometrium invasion for EC patients with LNM.2)Patients with LNM have poorer prognosis than them without LNM.Therefore, patients with LNM should receive adjuvant therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Codon usage bias is an important characteristic of genetic information transfer in organisms. Analysis of codon usage bias of different species is important for understanding the rules on genetic information transfer. The previous method for analysis of codon usage bias is mainly based on genomic data. However, this method is greatly limited, because the genome sequences of higher organisms are still not available up to now. In this study, we found that we could obtain the same optimal codons of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis: Fr.) P. Karst based on its whole genomic data or large-scale transcriptomic data from its liquid-cultured hyphae, primordium and fruiting body, separately. This result indicated the feasibility to understand the codon usage bias based on the large-scale transcriptomic data. By calculating the proportion of rare codons of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 26 terpene synthases (TS) of G. lucidum, we found that the rare codons of S. cerevisiae have a higher proportion in TS genes, while the rare codons of E. coli have relatively lower, suggesting that the TS genes of G. lucidum are possibly more difficult to be expressed in S. cerevisiae than in E. coli. Chemical synthesis of TS genes according to the yeast optimal codons will be an effective way to solve the problem on the mismatch of gene codon bias between the foreign genes and the host strain.
Codon ; Escherichia coli ; Genome, Fungal ; Reishi ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Transcriptome

Objective To investigate the percentages of Th17 and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T(Tr) cells and the levels of related cytokines IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β in serum of patients with anlylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods Forty patients with AS and 37 age-matched healthy donors were studied.Flow cytometry Was used to analyze the percentages of blood Th17 and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tr cells.The levels of serum IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA).Results The proportion of Th17 cells in AS group was significantly higher than those in normal group [ (1.02±0.34)％ vs (0.68±0.29)％,P＜0.05) ],and the proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells was lower in AS group comparing with normal group [(3.77±0.81)％ vs (4.69±1.23)％,P＜0.05)].Meanwhile,serum levels of IL-6,IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly higher in AS group than those in normal group [ (6,15±2.71) ng/L vs (3.31±1.65) ng/L; (9.44±3.12) ng/ml vs (5.82±2.61) ng/ml;(10.53±4.97) ng/L vs (6.78±3.26) ng/L,all P＜0.01 ].In contrast,TGF-β level was decreased in AS group compares with the normal group [ ( 4.76±2.15) ng/ml vs (5.16±2.02) ng/ml,P＞0.05 ],but the difference was not significant.No associations of serum eytokine levels with clinical and laboratory parameters were found in AS.Conclusion The abnormality Th17 cells and Tr cells and their related cytokines IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β changes in patients with AS,which may be involved in immunological pathogenesis of AS.

This study was designed to investigate the impact of ultra-filtration extract mixture from Astragals mongholicus (UEMAM) o radiosensitivity of H22 ascitic tumor in mice to 12C6+ ions radiation. The H22 ascitic tumor model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL H22 ascitic cells. The animals were subsequently divided into 4 groups randomly, treated with normal saline, UEMAM, heavy ion beam radiotherapy and UEMAM plus heavy ion beam radiotherapy, respectively. The body weights, abdomen circumference of the mice were measured and the mouse behavior was monitored every day; survival time was recorded to evaluate life extension effect; flow cytometry technique was used to detect H22 cell apoptosis and cell cycle; protein levels of p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3 were analyzed by Western blot; the single cell gel electrophoresis was used to detect the level of deoxyribonucleic acid damage (DNA damage). The results suggest that UEMAM significantly increased survival time, and decreased body weights and abdomen circumference over the saline control group. The treatment increased cell apoptosis, cycle arrest and DNA damage compared to the saline control group. UEMAM significantly enhanced the therapeutic effect of heavy ion beam radiation in survival time, and decreased body weights and abdomen circumference in the tumor-baring mice. The combination increased cell apoptosis, cycle arrest and DNA damage compared to the radiotherapy group. The results of Western blot suggest that the treatment significantly enhanced p53-induced apoptotic signals. The experiment discovered that UEMAM could improve radiosensitivity of H22 ascitic tumor through activation of p53-mediated apoptotic signal pathway.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage ; Ions ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Radiation Tolerance ; Signal Transduction

Objective To explore the prevalence rates of disabilities among the ethnic minority people in China. Methods Utilizing stratified, multiphase, and cluster probability sampling design, 2 526 145 persons were investigated and screened by trained interviewers,including 297 761 persons with ethnic minority backgrounds. Respondents scoring positive for potential problems were referred to physician for further diagnosis on disability and on scale measurement.Results The overall prevalence rate of disability for both ethnic minority and Han population were 6.24% (95%CI:6.16%-6.51% ) and 6.41% (95% CI: 6.38%-6.51% ) respectively. The total aggregate age-adjusted prevalence rate of disability was 7.31% for persons with ethnic minority. The prevalence rate of disabilities in male was significantly higher than that in females (7.31% vs. 6.75% ). The ranking of prevalence rates on different type of disabilities were: physical disability 1.90% (95%CI:1.89%-1.91%), hearing disability 1.34%(95%CI: 1.33%-1.35%), multiple disability 1.14%(95%CI:1.13%-1.15% ), vision disability 0.99% (95%CI: 0.97%-1.01% ), psychiatric disability 0.38%(95%CI:0.37%-0.40% ), intellectual disability 0.38% (0.37%-0.39%) and speech disability 0.12% (0.11%-0.13% ). Cerebral Palsy, genetic diseases, tympanitis, cerebral disease and mental retardation (not including unknown items) were the major causes for disabled children with ethnicity background.Degenerated diseases, including osteoarthropathy, cerebrovascular disease, elderly-related deafness or cataract were most important causes for ethnic minority persons aged 60 or over. Injury, including traffic accident was important disabled-related factor for persons with minority ethnicity aged 15-59.The main causes and ranking of causes for ethnical minority were similar with that for Han population.Conclusion The prevalence rate of disability for ethnic minority persons was significantly higher than that for Han population in China. Prevention for different types of disability should be provided accordingly to persons with ethnic minority, in different age groups.