Objective: To investigate the Alzheimer's disease (AD) influencing factors among the elderly, so as to provide a basis for early prevention and intervention. Methods: From March to June 2024, participants aged 60 years and above from a sub-district in Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data on demographics, lifestyle, and health status were collected through questionnaire surveys. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the short-form Geriatric Depression Scale. The Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for the initial screening of AD, and individuals who screened positive were further diagnosed by psychiatrists. Factors affecting AD among the elderly were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 3 644 individuals were surveyed, comprising 1 526 males (41.88%) and 2 118 females (58.12%). The mean age was (71.85±7.44) years. AD was detected in 200 cases, with a detection rate of 5.49%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that individuals aged ≥65 years (65-<70 years, OR=3.012, 95%CI: 1.007-9.012; 70-<75 years, OR=3.131, 95%CI: 1.059-9.260; 75-<80 years, OR=5.779, 95%CI: 1.989-16.784; ≥80 years, OR=16.810, 95%CI: 5.926-47.685), those who were unmarried, divorced, or widowed (OR=1.973, 95%CI: 1.383-2.815), those with hearing loss (OR=1.573, 95%CI: 1.128-2.193), those with diabetes mellitus (OR=1.958, 95%CI: 1.362-2.814), and those with depressive symptoms (OR=4.143, 95%CI: 2.997-5.728) had a higher risk of AD. Conversely, individuals with an educational level of primary school or above (primary school, OR=0.579, 95%CI: 0.401-0.835; junior high school or above, OR=0.438, 95%CI: 0.259-0.741), and those who engaged in regular physical exercise (OR=0.414, 95%CI: 0.264-0.649) had a lower risk of AD. Conclusions The detection rate of AD was relatively high among the elderly in Haishu District. AD among the elderly was related to age, educational level, marital status, physical exercise, hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, and depressive symptoms.

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the material basis of toad visceral oil(hereafter referred to as toad oil), and explore the pharmacological effect of toad oil on atopic dermatitis(AD). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to comprehensively identify the chemical components in toad oil. The animal model of AD was prepared by the hapten stimulation method. The modeled animals were respectively administrated with positive drug(0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate cream) and low-and high-doses(1%, 10%) of toad oil by gavage. The effect of toad oil on AD was evaluated with the AD score, ear swelling rate, spleen index, and pathological section results as indicators. A total of 99 components were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, including 14 bufadienolides, 7 fatty acids, 6 alkaloids, 10 ketones, 18 amides, and other compounds. After methylation of toad oil samples, a total of 20 compounds were identified by GC-MS. Compared with the model group, the low-and high-dose toad oil groups showed declined AD score, ear swelling rate, and spleen index, alleviated skin lesions, and reduced infiltrating mast cells. This study comprehensively analyzes the chemical composition and clarifies the material basis of toad oil. Meanwhile, this study proves that toad oil has a good therapeutic effect on AD and is a reserve resource of traditional Chinese medicine for external use in the treatment of AD.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Male ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Bufonidae ; Oils/administration & dosage* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic, systemic or metabolic causes, is an increasingly recognized global health issue. The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries. To address these queries, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (SinoMed) Database, Wanfang Database, Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded (TMRDE), and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS). The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts, methodologists, pharmacologists, nursing specialists, and health economists, leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge. The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects, including the pathogenesis according to TCM, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, efficacy assessments, and prognostic considerations. Please cite this article as: Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Hou XH, Bian ZX, Zheng JH, Tian HH, Yang GH, Hong WS, He YY, Liu L, Shen H, Li YP, Xie S, Shu J, Zeng BF, Li JX, Liu Z, Xiao ZH, Xiao JD, Zheng PY, Huang SG, Chen SL, Fei GJ. International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia (2025). J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):502-518.
Dyspepsia/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

The regulatory requirements of 3D printing products were introduced.The risks during the production of 3D printed navigational template for orthopedic surgery were summarized in terms of data acquisition,medical-industrial intera-ction design,3D printing,post-processing and sterilization.Some quality control measures were proposed from the aspects of quality control of raw materials,validation of data and software,verification of printing process parameters,post-processing method and verification,sterilization verification and testing of semi-finished and final products,so as to enhance the safety and effectiveness of 3D printed navigational template for orthopedic surgery.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(5):80-85]

Objective To develop a multicolor photoelectroencephalography evoked flash to identify photosensitive epilepsy patients during the selection of naval aircraft pilots.Methods The multicolor photoelectroencephalography evoked flash was composed of a main body,a control box and a bracket.There were four rows of LED lights in the main body,which emitted four colors of light including red,yellow,green and orange,respectively;there were three sockets for signal,light and power and one color changeover switch on the body of the control box,and a control circuit board was fixed at the bottom inside the control box;the bracket had a double-jointed arm folding structure.The flash developed was compared with the coventional photoelectroencephalography evoked flash to verify its effect for inducing photosensitive epilepsy.Results There were no significant differences between the two flashes in the numbers of identified cases with photosensitive epilepsy when the subjects were under awake and closed-eye conditions(P＞0.05).Condusion The flash developed can make up for the deficiency of the coventional photoelectroencephalography evoked flash when selecting naval aircraft pilots.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):112-114]

This study developed an optimal pre-processing technique for the reference substance of the classic formula Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction(GXBD) and established a comprehensive quality control method for GXBD reference substance to provide a reference for its overall quality evaluation. The authors prepared 15 batches of GXBD samples and innovatively used the extracted ion chromatogram under the base peak chromatogram mode to establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) fingerprint, identify characteristic peaks, and perform quantitative analysis of indicator components. The yield of the 15 batches of GXBD samples ranged from 50.28% to 76.20%. In the positive ion mode, 12 common characteristic peaks were detected in the LC-MS fingerprint, and the structures of five common peaks were identified by comparison with reference standards. The similarity between the fingerprint profiles of different batches of samples and the reference fingerprint profile ranged from 0.920 to 0.984. Finally, liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(LC-QQQ/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode was used to determine the content of eight indicator components in GXBD, including loliolide, chrysoeriol, rutin, cucurbitacin D, macrostemonoside Ⅰ, 25S-timosaponin B Ⅱ, 25R-timosaponin B Ⅱ, and peptide proline-tryptophan-valine-proline-glycine(PWVPG). The method established in this study can reduce matrix interference in the compound, and it has good accuracy, stability, and practical value. It effectively reflects the quality attributes of GXBD samples and can be used for the comprehensive quality control of GXBD.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Proline ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*

Diabetes is a worldwide public health problem that seriously threats human health. Long-term metabolic disorders， as the main cause of multi-system complications and death in the later stage of diabetes， can cause multi-system damage， leading to chronic progressive lesions in the eyes， kidneys， nerves， heart， blood vessels and other tissues and organs， as well as functional decline and failure. The low risk of side effects and new treatment strategies remain an area to be explored in clinical treatment of diabetes. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （SM） is one of the commonly used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with the main effect of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. In recent years， it has been found that SM shows good performance in lowering blood sugar and treating diabetes complications. Data mining information has also shown that the drugs of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis are now common drugs in clinical treatment of diabetes， and SM has the highest use frequency， with significant curative effect. In addition， TCM is a kind of treatment with composite components and multiple targets， and so people are increasingly interested in its effective components and carry out extensive researches. This article summarized the experimental verification of SM extract and its components （tanshinone A， tanshinone B， tanshinone Ⅱ_A， tanshinone I， protocatechuic aldehyde， polysaccharide， and total polyphenol acid） in various diabetes models in improving glucolipid metabolism， improving heart function in patients with diabetes， alleviating the motor and sensory deficits caused by diabetes， preventing the occurence of the diabetic retinopathy， recovery of liver and kidney structure and function damage in diabetic patients， and helping to resist high sugar-induced atrophic cavitation potential. It may inhibit hyperglycemia-induced vascular injury with polyol pathway activation， reduce the formation of advanced glycation end products， inhibit protein kinase C pathway activation and hexosamine pathway activation， and alleviate oxidative stress caused by excessive production of peroxides in mitochondrial electron transport chain during hyperglycemia to play a role of treatment， and provide reference for clinical application.

Objective: To explore the association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes among adults. Methods: The baseline data of China Kadoorie Biobank ( CKB ) study from Tongxiang of Zhejiang Province was used for analysis. Community residents were investigated in the study from August 2004 to May 2008, including questionnaire survey, physical measurement and biological sample test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of chronic hepatitis B virus infection with diabetes. Results: Totally 52 888 participants were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of HBsAg-positive was 3.55% ( N=1 877 ). The overall prevalence of diabetes was 5.17% ( N=2 733 ). The prevalence of HBsAg-positive in diabetic patients was 3.51% ( N=96 ). Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models indicated that there was no association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes（ P>0.05 ）. Conclusion No significant association has been found between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes among adults.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical delivery of modified Da-Cheng- Qi Decoction (, MDCQD) by low-frequency ultrasound sonophoresis (LFUS) in patients with refractory metastatic malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) using an objective performance criteria (OPC) design. METHODS: Fifty patients with refractory metastatic MBO were enrolled in this open-label single-arm clinical trial. Alongside fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, glycerol enema, intravenous nutrition and antisecretory therapy, a 50 g dose of MDCQD (prepared as a hydrogel) was applied through topical delivery at the site of abodminal pain or Tianshu (S 25) using LFUS for 30 min, twice daily for 5 consecutive days. The overall outcome was the remission of intestinal obstruction, and improvement on abdominal pain, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting scores. Indicators of safety evaluation included liver and renal function as well as blood coagulation indicators. RESULTS: Among 50 patients, 5 patients (10%) showed complete remission of intestinal obstruction and 21 patients (42%) showed improvement of intestinal obstruction. The overall remission rate of bowel obstruction was 52%. The results of the symptom score, based on the severity and frequency of the episode, are as follows: 26 patients (52%) showed improvment on symptom scores, 20 patients (40%) did not respond to treatment, and 4 patients (8%) discontinued treatment due to intolerance. No serious adverse effects or abnormal changes on liver and renal function or blood coagulation were observed. CONCLUSION Topical delivery of MDCQD at 100 g/day using LFUS can improve the treatment response in patients with refractory metastatic MBO.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; complications ; secondary ; Intestinal Obstruction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods

Objective To study the effect of atmospheric particulate exposure on the expression of key molecules of Nrf2 signaling pathway involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory response factors in myocardium of rats fed with high-fat and high-glucose diet. Methods A total of 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into control group (CC group), high-fat and high-glucose diet group (HC group), atmospheric particulates group (CP group) and atmospheric particulates plus high-fat and high-glucose diet group (HP group), with 12 rats in each group.Rats were fed in individual ventilated cages (IVC).The CC and HC groups were placed in IVCs equipped with the atmospheric particulate filter, however, the CP and HP groups without the atmospheric particulate filter to make the air composition similar to the outdoor.A total of 24 rats were sacrificed for acquiring myocardial tissue after 3 and 6 months of exposure.The mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 were measured using RT-qPCR and the protein expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1 detected using western blot. Results The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 and the protein expression levels of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in HC, CP and HP groups were higher than CC group (P < 0.05).The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and the protein expression levels of VCAM-1, MCP-1 in the HP group were higher than HC and CP groups (P < 0.05).The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 in CP and HP groups after 6 months of exposure were lower than that at 3 months (P < 0.05). Conclusion The exposure of atmospheric particles, high-fat and high-glucose and their combination diets could cause myocardial tissue inflammatory responses, and activate Nrf2 signaling pathways to protect against myocardial damage.