AIM: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of olopatadine combined with pranoprofen in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS: Using “olopatadine eye drops”, “pranoprofen eye drops” and “allergic conjunctivitis” as keywords, the controlled clinical trials of olopatadine combined with pranoprofen in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis were searched from Embase, Cochrane library, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database, with an retrieval time from the establishment of the database to January 1, 2022; The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and the Egger's test was performed for publication bias of the included literatures. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3.RESULTS: A total of 24 eligible Chinese literatures were included, with 2 443 patients(2 547 eyes)in total. The test group was administrated olopatadine combined with pranoprofen, and the control group was treated with olopatadine monotherapy; The results of Meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficiency of the test group was better than that of the control group(OR=4.42, 95%CI:3.37-5.80,P<0.00001); There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the test group and the control group(OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.45-1.75, P=0.73); Egger's test was conducted on the clinical efficiency and the incidence of adverse reactions, which showed that there was publication bias in the clinical efficiency, but the existed publication bias did not affected results through trim and fill method.CONCLUSIONS: The combination of olopatadine with pranoprofen may improve the clinical efficacy of allergic conjunctivitis. In the future, multicentered, randomized, double-blind studies can be conducted to improve the strength of the evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictors of hematologic responses of non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (NTDT) to thalidomide. METHODS: 33 patients with NTDT who treated with thalidomide in the 923rd Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army from May 2016 to June 2019 were included in the study. The basic data, hematological indexes, degree of treatment response and genetic background of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The baseline fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level of main responders (MaR) was significantly higher than that of minor responders (MiR) and no responders (NR) (P=0.001). And the baseline HbF level was positively correlated with hemoglobin increment after treatment (r=0.601). Genetic background analysis showed that the frequencies of the genotype CT of HBG2 rs7482144 (P=0.031), the genotypes CT/CC (P=0.030) and the minor allele C (P=0.015) of HBS1L-MYB rs9399137, the genotypes AT/TT (P=0.030) and the minor allele T (P=0.028) of HBS1L-MYB rs4895440, the genotypes AG/GG (P=0.030) and the minor allele G (P=0.028) of HBS1L-MYB rs4895441 (P=0.030) in MaR group were significantly higher than those in MiR and NR groups. Comparing the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the above indicators to predict the main response, the results demonstrated that the predictive value of baseline HbF level was significantly better than rs7482144 (0.91 vs 0.72, P=0.003), rs9399137 (0.91 vs 0.74, P=0.022), rs4895440 (0.91 vs 0.74, P=0.023) and rs4895441 (0.91 vs 0.74, P=0.023), but there was no significant difference in the predictive value between combined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (0.91 vs 0.88, P=0.658）and baseline HbF combined SNPs (0.91 vs 0.97, P=0.132). The AUC value of baseline HbF predicting the efficacy of thalidomide as the main response was 0.91, the cut-off value was 27.4%, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 58.3% (P=0.001). CONCLUSION The hematologic response of NTDT to thalidomide is variable and complex. Compared to genetic background, baseline HbF may be a simpler and more efficient tool to predict efficacy response.
Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics* ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Repressor Proteins/genetics* ; Thalidomide/therapeutic use* ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics*

Objective Focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) and lung ultrasound (LU) are increasingly being used in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FCU in combination with LU on these patients and to determine if the timing of ultrasound examination was associated with treatment change. Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional observational study. Consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for enrollment. FCU and LU were performed within the first 24 h, and treatment change was proposed by the performer based on the ultrasound results and other clinical conditions. Results Among the 992 patients included, 502 were examined within 6 h of ICU admission (early phase group), and 490 were examined after 6 h of admission (later phase group). The early phase group and the later phase group had similar proportions of treatment change (48.8%
Critical Illness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillance-response as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in The 13th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China is almost achieved. However, there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China, including the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails and complicated snail habitats, many types of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections and difficulty in management of bovines and sheep, unmet requirements for the current schistosomiasis control program with the currently available tools, and vulnerable control achievements. During the 14th Five-Year period, it is crucial to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and gradually solve the above difficulties, and critical to provide the basis for achieving the ultimate goal of elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Based on the past experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program and the challenges for schistosomiasis elimination in China, an expert consensus has been reached pertaining to the objectives, control strategy and measures for The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China, so as to provide insights in to the development of The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the intestinal barrier damage caused by Blastocystis hominis infections in rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, of 6 rats in each group. Rats in each infection group were orally infected with B. hominis trophozoites at a density of 2 × 10⁸ parasites per rat, and the control group was given an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline solution. The 7-hour urine samples were collected 1, 3, 6 and 9 weeks post-infection for the measurement of the intestinal permeability. Then, rats were sacrificed using the cervical dislocation method, and the cecum specimens were collected for the detection of the intestinal epithelial cell permeability. The expression of tight junction-related Occludin and Claudin - 1 genes and apoptosis-related Bcl - 2 and Bax genes was quantified in cecum epithelial cells using the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected in the rat cecum using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results The median urinary lactolose to mannitol ratios were 0.29, 0.72, 0.44, 0.46 and 0.38 in the control group, and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (H = 12.09, P < 0.05). B. hominis invasion and epithelial injury were observed in intestinal epithelial cells of rats infected with B. hominis, and transmission electron microscopy displayed the destruction of tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells. The relative expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, Bcl-2 and Bax genes was 1.04, 0.62, 0.71, 0.68 and 0.96; 1.03, 0.61, 0.63, 0.76 and 0.86; 1.08, 0.70, 0.75, 0.74 and 1.03; and 1.00, 1.57, 1.33, 1.35 and 1.10 in the control group and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, respectively, and all differences were statistically significant (F = 2.86, 2.85, 3.37 and 4.45, all P values < 0.05). The median number of positive staining cells were 1.00, 13.00, 9.00, 3.50 and 1.00 in rat cecum specimens in the control group, and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (H = 22.95, P < 0.01). Conclusion B. hominis infection may cause an increase in the rat intestinal permeability through triggering the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells to destroy the tight junction between intestinal epithelial cells, thereby destroying the intestinal barrier function.

Objective:A large single-center, premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI) age (≤45 years) cohort was established to investigate the clinical features and the factors affecting major adverse cardiac events (MACE).Methods:This is a prospective and observational study. 603 patients with a clear diagnosis of AMI admitted to the Tianjin Chest Hospital from March 2015 to December 2017 were continuously selected. All patients were aged ≤45 years old, and a single-center large-sample premature AMI cohort was established. The patient's clinical basic conditions, laboratory indicators, imaging data, coronary angiography and treatment were collected. All patients were followed up for 1 year. MACE events such as cardiac death, recurrent AMI, revascularization, severe heart failure requiring hospitalization and stroke were recorded. Kaplan Meier method was used to draw the survival curve. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of risk factors, clinical characteristics and intervention methods on the long-term prognosis of MACE events.Results:A total of 603 AMI patients were included, 575 males (95.36%), 28 females (4.64%), and median age 41 (37, 44) years old. There were 422 patients (69.98%) with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 206 patients (48.82%) with anterior myocardial infarction, and 181 patients (30.02%) with non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Smoking was the most common risk factor for premature AMI (77.45%), followed by hyperlipidemia (48.42%) and hypertension (48.09%); smoking was the most common risk factor for male patients (80.35%), and hyperlipidemia was the most common risk factor for female patients (35.71%). 302 (50.08%) patients with premature AMI were treated with symptom onset to first medical contact (SO-to-FMC) ≤12 h; 563 patients (93.37%) had coronary angiography; coronary angiography showed that no significant stenosis, single-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, three-vessel disease, and patients with left main disease were 15(2.66%), 212(37.66%), 153(25.37%), 167(29.66%), 16(2.84%) cases; 318(56.48%) patients with vascular occlusion; The proportion of male combined with left main lesions was lower than that of female group (2.41% vs 12.50%, P=0.026); A total of 45 patients (7.46%) were recorded MACE. The 1-year MACE incidence was lower in the male group than in the female group (6.96% vs 17.86%, P=0.032). Multivariate COX regression analysis: there were 5 indicators that entered the regression model and were statistically significant: female ( HR:4.184; 95% CI:1.583-11.064; P=0.004), SO-to-FMC≤12 h ( HR:0.447; 95% CI:0.224-0.889; P=0.022), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤40% ( HR:3.727; 95% CI:1.876-7.405; P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ( HR:1.315; 95% CI:1.041-1.662; P=0.022), homocysteine (Hcy) ( HR:1.011; 95% CI:1.002-1.019; P=0.011) were independent predictor of MACE occurrence in patients with early-onset AMI within 1 year. Conclusions:Smoking is the most common risk factor for young men with AMI. The most common risk factors for young women's AMI is hyperlipidemia, and the proportion of patients with left main artery disease is higher than that of men, but the proportion of patients receiving emergency intervention is lower than that of men, and the long-term prognosis of young women is poor. Early detection and control of these risk factors is a key measure to prevent the onset of AMI.

Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Evidence of its existence and the effects of its inhibitors on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still lacking. In the present study, we found that liproxstatin-1 protected HT22 cells against hemin-induced injury by protecting mitochondrial functions and ameliorating lipid peroxidation. In in vivo experiments, we demonstrated the presence of characteristic shrunken mitochondria in ipsilateral cortical neurons after SAH. Moreover, liproxstatin-1 attenuated the neurological deficits and brain edema, reduced neuronal cell death, and restored the redox equilibrium after SAH. The inhibition of ferroptosis by liproxstatin-1 was associated with the preservation of glutathione peroxidase 4 and the downregulation of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 as well as cyclooxygenase 2. In addition, liproxstatin-1 decreased the activation of microglia and the release of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These data enhance our understanding of cell death after SAH and shed light on future preclinical studies.

Objective To analyze the hospitalization cost and its influencing factors of imported malaria patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the evaluation of the economic burden due to imported malaria, and the guiding of malaria control and the rational allocation of medical resources. Methods The data pertaining to the hospitalization costs of imported malaria patients admitted to Shanglin County People’s Hospital in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1 through December 31, 2019, and Tengchong Municipal People’s Hospital in Yunnan Province from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019, were collected, and the epidemiological data of these imported malaria patients were extracted from the Information Management System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, China. The composition of the hospitalization expenses was analyzed using a descriptive method. In addition, the factors affecting the hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients were identified using a univariate analysis and a recursive system model. Results A total of 206 imported malaria patients were included in this study, including 194 men (94.17%) and 12 women (5.83%). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.00 days per patient and the median hospitalization expenses were 2 813.07 Yuan per time, in which the expenses for laboratory examinations were the highest (45.31%, 1 274.62/2 813.07). Univariate analysis showed that hospital (z = 5.43, P < 0.01), type of malaria (χ² = 34.86, P < 0.01) and type of payment (χ² = 7.72, P < 0.05) were factors affecting the hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients. Recursion system modeling revealed that the total effects on hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients included length of hospital stay (0.78), selection of hospital (0.34), basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents (0.19), new rural cooperative medical care (0.17), Plasmodium falciparum malaria (0.15), gender (0.11) and P. vivax malaria (0.09). Conclusions The hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients are affected by multiple factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province, in which the length of hospital stay is the most predominant influencing factor. A reduction in the length of hospital stay is effective to decrease the hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients.

METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2013, 83 patients with refractory/recurrent CD20 RESULTS: All the patient achieved complete response. The median follow.up time was 39 months. Both the two groups collected peripheral blood stem cells successfully, and had no difference in hematopoietic reconstitution time. Three patients in treatment group and six patients in control group relapsed and the three year overall survival and EFS in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group, that is（93.0% vs 73.1%, P=0.037） and （89.5% vs 65.4%, P=0.034）, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that: compared with the treatment group in which using R in the whole courses(before and after transplantation, and collection of stem cells) was superior to the control group in both OS and EFS, with the OS 97% vs 87.5% (P>0.05) and EFS 97% vs 76.2% (P=0.05) respectively. While stratified by the different courses of rituximab, the OS was 88.9% (1-2 courses, 9 cases), 93.1% (3-4 courses, 29 cases), 94.7%(more than 5 courses,19 cases), and EFS was 77.8%, 89.7% and 94.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION For the patients with refractory/recurrent CD20
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy* ; Rituximab/therapeutic use* ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome