Cephalosporins ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Penicillins ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Skin Tests

Anemia, Aplastic ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; metabolism

Adult ; Calcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Cysts ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Vessel Tumors ; pathology ; Mucocele ; pathology ; Parasitic Diseases ; pathology ; Spleen ; diagnostic imaging ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) is a major member of the E2F transcription factor family and participates in a wide range of physiological regulatory processes, such as cell cycle, survival, apoptosis, and metabolism. It is proved that the activity of E2F1 is related to the G1/S phase regulation of the cell cycle dependent on tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB). Recent studies have shown that E2F1 is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells, manifested as an oncogene, and its expression level is closely related to the occurrence, development, and poor clinical prognosis of prostate cancer. Androgen receptor (AR) is the main driving factor for the growth and progression of prostate cancer, and the changes of AR pathway play a key role in the pathological progression of prostate cancer. This article provide a systematic and comprehensive summary on recently published articles to review the role of the E2F1 pathway in prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA-HOTAIR in prostate cancer cells and its effects on the growth and metastasis of the cells.

METHODSUsing quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), we determined the relative expression of HOTAIR in the normal human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-I and prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145. We detected the effects of HOTAIR on the cell cycle and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells by RNA interference, flow cytometry, and Transwell mitration assay.

RESULTSThe expressions of HOTAIR in the PC3 and DU145 cells were increased 3.2 and 5.7 times, respectively, as compared with that in the normal RWPE-1 cells. After si-HOTAIR interference, the prostate cancer cells were arrested in the G2 phase and downregulated in the G1 phase. The invasive ability of the prostate cancer cells was evidently inhibited, with the inhibition rates of 32% and 44% of the PC3 cells and 43% and 34% of the DU145 cells for si-HOTAIR1 and si-HOTAIR2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIncRNA HOTAIR is highly expressed in prostate cancer, which is associated with the growth and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. HOTAIR is potentially a novel marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; G1 Phase ; G2 Phase ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo develop a new technique for assessing the risk of birth defects, which are a major cause of infant mortality and disability in many parts of the world.

METHODSThe region of interest in this study was Heshun County, the county in China with the highest rate of neural tube defects (NTDs). A hybrid particle swarm optimization/ant colony optimization (PSO/ACO) algorithm was used to quantify the probability of NTDs occurring at villages with no births. The hybrid PSO/ACO algorithm is a form of artificial intelligence adapted for hierarchical classification. It is a powerful technique for modeling complex problems involving impacts of causes.

RESULTSThe algorithm was easy to apply, with the accuracy of the results being 69.5%±7.02% at the 95% confidence level.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is simple to apply, has acceptable fault tolerance, and greatly enhances the accuracy of calculations.

Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; China ; epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo determine the relationship between viral burden in urine and hearing loss in neonates with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

METHODSTwenty-two neonates with CMV infection between April 2006 and January 2010 were enrolled. Their viral burden in urine and hearing loss information were studied. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was constructed and the cutoff was determined based on their medical information. The hearing levels were evaluated by brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) during the age of 3 to 6 months in 20 patients.

RESULTSThe viral burden in urine in neonates with abnormal BAEP was higher than that in neonates with normal BAEP (5.06 ± 1.50 vs 3.73 ± 0.86, P<0.05). Hearing loss was predicted with a sensitivity of 0.545 and a specificity of 1.0 by using ROC at the cutoff point of 5.1 which were defined after logarithmic conversion at 1.27×10(5) copies/mL of CMV burden in urine. The incidence of hearing loss during the age of 3 to 6 months was strikingly higher in high viral burden group than that in low viral load group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe viral burden in urine can predict the possibility of hearing loss in neonates with CMV infection. Hearing loss is likely to be developed when viral burden in urine ≥1.27×10(5) copies/mL in neonates with CMV infection.

Cytomegalovirus ; isolation & purification ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; DNA, Viral ; urine ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Viral Load

Objective To report outcomes of patients with PSA ≥ 30 μg/L with initial negative transperineal template-guided saturation biopsy (TTSB). Methods From 2003 to 2010,a total of 1824 patients underwent transperineal saturation biopsies with the prostate template at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital.44 of them had initial negative biopsy with PSA ≥ 30 μg/L were reviewed in this study.The mean age was 68 years old (range,51 to 80).The mean biopsy cores were 28.7 (range,11 to 44).The median PSA level was 40 μg/L (range,30 to 128),and the median prostate volume was 73 ml (range,30 to 190).They were divided into four groups:TURP group,chronic prostatitis group,repeat biopsy group and miscellaneous group. Results Patients were followed up for a mean of 49 months (range,12 to 91).All patients of TURP group (15 cases) were identified as prostatic hyperplasia by postoperative pathology.2 of them had a second TTSB for PSA ＞ 10 μg/L after TURP,which were negative.5 patients of chronic prostatitis group had a declining PSA level after antibiotic therapy for 3 to 4 weeks.One patient took a second biopsy,which was identified as prostatitis.All patients of repeat biopsy group (18 cases) showed no significant decrease in PSA level during follow-up and undertook biopsies 2 to 4 times,6 of which were proved to be prostate cancer.All patients of the miscellaneous group (6 cases) had a declining PSA and didn't take a second biopsy. Conclusions Close follow-up and regular PSA testing for patients who had a high PSA level with initial negative biopsy would be help to avoid both false negative of prostate cancer and unnecessary biopsy.

dosage ( P<0.01).Conclusion UVA can inhibit the proliferation activity of human skin fibroblasts. It might be related to the up-regulation of iNOS gene expression and the over-secretion of NO induced by UVA.

Objective To investigate the application of artificial neural network analysis on computerized transrectal ultrasound (ANNAcTRUS) in early detection of prostate cancer.Methods Sixty men with or without prior biopsies, either due to elevated PSA or abnormal digital rectal findings, were included in this study from January 2014 to July 2015.Patient's mean age was (65.6 ± 8.9) years (51-89 years).Their PSA level was (9.8 ± 4.9)μg/L.The patients received the ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy.Each patient received six targeted biopsies of suspicious regions, which was identified by ANNAcTRUS online system.Histopathologic examination was further carried out to confirm the result of the targeted biopsies.Results According to the results of ANNAcTRUS,52 of 60 patients received biopsy in ANNAcTRUS group.ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy was able to detect prostate cancer in 24 (46.2％) of 52 patients.The distribution of Gleason Score was as follows : 3 + 3 (n =9), 3 + 4 (n =8), 4 + 3 (n =4), 4 +4 (n =2) and 5 +4 (n =1).For patients without prior negative biopsy,ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy was able to detect prostate cancer in 17 (51.5％) of 33 patients.Conclusions ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy illustrates a higher detection rate of prostate cancer.Furthermore, ANNAcTRUS targeted 6-core biopsy tends to detect low-grade prostate cancer.