OBJECTIVE:To identify the root-bark of Aralia elata.METHODS:The origin,property,microscopic characteristics,thin-layer chromatography(TLC) of the root-bark of Aralia elata were identified,and the content of oleanolic acid in the root-bark of Aralia elata was determined by HPLC.RESULT:The identification method for the root-bark of Aralia elata has been established.CONCLUSION: The established method has been proved to be effective for the identification of the root-bark of Aralia elata.

OBJECTIVE:To identify Gleditsia sinensis.METHODS:The property,microscopic and TLC characteristics of Gleditsia sinensis were identified.RESULTS:The appearance,microscopic and TLC characteristics of Gleditsia sinensis were obtained.CONCLUSION:The established method is effective for the quality control of the Gleditsia sinensis.

Objective Concluding the clinical feature and prognosis of primary testicular lymphoma to improve the understanding of this disease.Methods During 1995 and 2010,17 cases of primary testicular lymphoma treated in Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed of its clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Results Seventeen patients with a mean age of 68 years complained the testicular sohd mass as their first symptoms.The mean tumor diameter was 4.7 cm,and all patients underwent orchidectomy,and testicular non- Hodgkin's lymphoma was confirmed by pathologic examination.Fourteen cases were diffuse large B cell type and 3 cases were anaplastic large cell type.The clinical stage of all the patients was IE.Fourteen cases were followed up (3 cases were lost)with mean follow-up time of 37.8 months by outpatient interview and telephone,all patients were treated with CHOP chemotherapy,and some of them were combined with rituximab and preventive lowdose pelvic radiotherapy.Five cases died of other chronic medical complications,1 case with contralateral testicular metastasis received surgery again.There were 9 tumor free survival cases in total.Conclusion Primary testicular lymphoma is rare and more common in older men.Postoperative pathologic diagnosis is gold standard.The systemic treatment and individual therapy is the first choice for primary testicular lymphoma.

Objective To explore the different operation modes for treating native renal pelvic and ureteral neoplasms occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney.Method A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 cases of native renal pelvic and ureteral neoplasms occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney,including 14 cases receiving open surgery (open surgery),22 cases receiving laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower abdomen oblique incision (oblique incision group) and 12 cases receiving modified endoscope assisted Plunk technique (Plunk group).The operating time,amount of bleeding and blood transfusion during operation,recovery of intestinal function,time of indwelling drainage tube and wound suture,the total cost of hospitalization,the hospital stay and the incidence of complications were comparatively analyzed.Result The operating time in open group was shortest.Group of Pluck is better than other groups in the aspects of Time of wound suture and intestinal function time in shorter in Plunk group than the rest two group (P＜0.05),and amount of bleeding and incidence of complication in Plunk group were higher than oblique incision group (P＜0.05).The incidence of complications and amount of bleeding were decreased significantly as compared with the rest groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mode of the laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower abdomen oblique incision has the advantages of high security,minimal invasion and satisfactory treatment effect.It is especially suitable for treating native renal pelvic and ureteral neoplasms occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney.

Ataxia Telangiectasia ; genetics ; Humans

Objective To correlate dynamic parameters at contrast enhanced CT and interstitial fibrosis grade of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Twenty-nine patients with NSCLC were evaluated by multi-slice CT. Images were obtained before and at 20,30,45,60,75,90,120,180,300,540,720,900 and 1200 s after the injection of contrast media, which was administered at a rate of 4 ml/s for a total of 420 mg I/kg body weight. Washout parameters were calculated. Lung cancer specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain and collagen and elastica double stain. Spearman test was made to analyze correlation between dynamic parameters and interstitial fibrosis grade of tumor. Results Twentynine NSCLC demonstrated washout at 20 min 12. 1 (0. 32-58.0 ) HU, washout ratio at 20 minutes 15.3% (0. 3%-39.2% ), slope of washout at 20 minutes 0. 0152 %/s ( 0. 0007%/s-0. 0561%/s ).Interstitial fibrosis of 29 lesions was graded as grade Ⅰ (10), grade Ⅱ (14) and grade Ⅲ (5). There were significant correlation between washout at 20 min ( r = - 0. 402, P ＜ 0. 05 ), washout ratio at 20 min ( r =-0.372,P＜0.05), slope of washout ratio (r = -0.459,P ＜0.05) and interstitial fibrosis grade in tumors. Conclusion NSCLC washout features at dynamic multi-detector CT correlates with interstitial fibrosis in the tumor.

Objective To observe the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), fibronectin(FN),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in rats with diabetic nephropathy(DN), and to elucidate the protective mechanism played by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Methods DN models were estabolished by injecting streptozotoein ( STZ ) into male SD rats, which were divided into TGF-β1 overexpression group, TGF-β1 overexpression plus vitamin D3 group, TGF-β1 low-expression group, TGF-β1 low-expression plus vitamin D3 group, TGF-β1 normal-expression group, and TGF-β1 normal-expression plus vitamin D3 group. After 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment for 37 days, renal function and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated. The morphology and fibrosis of kidney tissues were observed. The expressions of TGF-β1, FN, and VEGF in kidney cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry, realtime PCR, and Western blotting. Results The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine,plasma glucose, HbA1C , and 24 h urinary protein were lower in vitamin D3treated groups than those in corresponding control groups(P<0. 05). The degree of renal fibrosis was raised with the increased level of TGF-β1. Vitamin D3 treatment decreased the fibrosis in diabetic kidney. There were significant differences in the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 in three control groups(P<0. 05). With the increased levels of TGF-β1, the expressions of FN and VEGF were increased. The expressions of TGF-β1, FN, and VEGF were lowered by vitamin D3compared with the corresponding control groups(P<0. 05). Conclusion 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 may protect the renal tissure in diabetic rats via inhibiting the expressions of TGF-β1, FN, and VEGF in the kidney.

Background and purpose:Liquid biopsy is a kind of blood, urine and other non-solid biologi-cal tissue sampling analysis, mainly for malignant tumor diagnosis, monitoring and predicting its prognosis. In this research, we optimized the extraction of miRNA in urine, established a standardized means of liquid biopsy, screened and verified the miRNA markers in patients with bladder cancer.Methods:From Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015, we used miRNA microarray in six patients with bladder cancer and six healthy controls. Samples of 78 cases of bladder cancer and 23 healthy controls were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) to verify the relationship between miRNA markers in liquid biopsy and clinical pathological parameters. The diagnostic value of miRNA markers was also analyzed and compared.Results:We screened 10 miRNAs differential expression in urine. Combined with previous literature, we selected 20 miRNAs to verify their expression levels in bladder cancers and healthy controls. miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in the urine was found higher in patients with bladder cancer than in healthy controls (P<0.0001). With the rise of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in urine, tumor stage and grade were also increased (P=0.003). When the cutoff was set at 0.41, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio were 73.1% and 82.6%, respectively. The AUC of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio to detect bladder cancer was 0.864, higher than that of urinary exfoliated cells (P=0.0002).Conclusion:We optimized the extraction of miRNAs in urine,established a standardized liquid biopsy of miRNA markers. The miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio could be an ideal diagnos-tic marker for bladder cancer.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in treatment of muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma.Methods Analyse of 72 cases of patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma receiving chemotherapy from September 2010 to September 2012,including 47 male and 25 female,the avarage age was 65 (86-33).All patients were received GC chemotherapy (Gemcitabine 800-1 000 mg/m2,ivgtt,dl,d8,d15; Cisplatin 70 mg/m2,ivgtt,d2).Efficacy was reviewed after 1 cycle of chemotherapy.Results Fifty-one cases in all the patients completed two or more chemotherapy cycles and CR 10 cases,PR 27 cases,total effective rate was 51.39％ (37/72).The main toxic reactions included nausea,vomit,myelosuppression,and then damage of liver and renal function.Cconclusion GC regimen is a good choice for urothelial cell carcinoma.Close follow-up and the usage of adjuvant drugs can contribute to reduce the side effect of chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatmentof ureteral endometriosis.MethodsA retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 16 cases of ureteral endometriosis of the Department of Vrology,Beijing Friendship Hapital,Affiliated to Copital Medical Universty from January.1991 to Augest.2011.ResultsSixteen cases were pathologically confirmed endometriosis,including 11 cases of outer lumen type,5 cases of lumen type ; endomctriosis lesions were all located in the lower ureter.Ureteral stricture length was 1.0-4.0 cm.During 12 months to 20 years follow-up,hydronephrosis detected by ultrasonography in 15 patients was released significantly,and no recurrence occurred except one case who was found hydronephrosis 3 years later.Ureter anastomosis was undergone later.ConclusionsUreteral endometriosis onset is undetectable which could impact renal function.Renal ultrasonography can reduce misdiagnosis.The principle of treatment is to remove the obstruction and protect renal function,and well follow-up to prevent recurrence.