Objective To develop a system for hand function evaluation and training based on virtual reality. Methods 5DT Data Glove 5 Ultra, Visual Studio 2010 were integrated as the development environment and DirectX 9.0 as components, and the system was developed based on the MFC programming framework. Results and Conclusion The system can assess the fingers function, recognise gestures and can be used as a 3D environment for virtual training, which may guide the patients to take the training actively.

Objective To study the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) by using MRI and the acute physiology and chronic healthy evaluation Ⅲ (APACHE Ⅲ ) score, and the correlation between corresponding MRI findings and APACHE Ⅲ scores.Methods One hundred patients with AP undergoing abdominal MRI were recruited in the study. The MRI features of acute pancreatitis were recorded. The severity of AP on MRI was graded by MR severity index (MRSI) as mild (0 to 2 points),moderate ( 3 to 6 points) and severe (7 to 10 points).APACHE Ⅲ score was denoted for AP was as mild ( ＜35 points)and severe ( ≥ 35 points).The local and systematic complications,mortality,need to intense care unit (ICU),and hospitalization time were recorded and compared with MRSI and APACHE Ⅲ score.Nonparametric Spearman correlation was calculated for testing the correlation between the MRSI,the APACHE Ⅲ and hospitalization time.The correlation of clinical results with MRSI and APACHE Ⅲ was calculated by x2 test.Results In the 100 patients with AP,there were respectively 80 and 20 patients with edematous and necrotic pancreatitis on MRI.According to MRSI,34,59 and 7 patients had mild,moderate,and severe acute pancreatitis,respectively.The APACHE Ⅲ score was (24.9 ± 12.2) points.Seventy-seven patients had less than 35 points and 23 patients had more than 35 point of APACHE Ⅲ score.There were significant differences in the local complication,systematic complication,need to ICU among the three groups in MRSI score,respectively( x2 =9.161,19.118,54.767;P ＜ 0.01 ).There was difference in the systematic complication between mild and severe AP in APACHE Ⅲ score(x2 =13.120,P =0.000),but there were no differences (x2 =0.245,x2 =2.568;P ＞ 0.05) in the local complication,need to ICU between mild and severe AP in APACHE Ⅲ score.There was weak correlation ( r =0.235,P =0.019 )between MRSI score and hospitalization time,and no difference (r =0.168,0.105; P ＞ 0.05)between APACHE Ⅲ and MRSI,APACHE Ⅲ and hospitalization time,respectively.Conclusions Both MRSI and APACHE Ⅲ score may predict systematic complications. However,MRSI is superior to APACHE Ⅲ in predicting the local complications,need to ICU,and hospitalization time in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Objective To study MRI findings of pancreatic ducts of piglets with chronic pancreatitis (CP) induced by pancreatic duct ligation and analyze the relationship between pancreatic duct changes in piglets with CP and the pathological severity of CP. Methods Thirty healthy piglets were included in this study. Five piglets were randomly selected as normal control group, and the remaining 25 piglets were served as the experimental group. The duct ligation operations were performed on experimental group. After 2 to 18 weeks, pancreas and pancreatic ducts were observed on MRI. Then the pancreas was removed and graded into three types by histopathology. The relationship between the diameter of pancreatic duct or the pancreatic branch displaying rate and the severity of CP was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient. Results CP was found in 21 piglets( 84. 0% ) in the experimental group including mild ( n = 7 ), moderate ( n = 8 ) and severe( n = 6) pancreatitis. Pancreatic ducts were shown in mild CP and the edge of pancreatic ducts was irregular in three cases. The dilated RPD, LPD and MPD constituted the "person" form in moderate and severe CP. The diameter of pancreatic ducts was(0. 9 ±0. 3)mm, (2. 9 ± 1.4)mm and (4. 8 ± 1.2)mm in mild, moderate, and severe CP respectively. The expansion extent of pancreatic ducts was correlated with the severity of CP of piglets (r = 0. 837, P ＜ 0. 05). The pancreatic branch displaying rate increased with the increase of the severity of CP ( r = 0. 990, P ＜ 0. 05 ); the displaying rate was 0/7 for mild, 3/8 for moderate, and 5/6 for severe CP. Conclusions The dilated pancreatic ducts with "person" form in piglets with obstructive CP created by pancreatic duct ligation. The pancreatic duct changes on MRI reflect the severity of CP of piglets.

[Objective] This prospective study was conducted to assess the influence of overnight orthokeratology (OK) on low,middle and high myopia in southern Chinese teenagers.[Methods] Fifty-four subjects (107 eyes,age 11.65 ± 2.44 years,mean±SD)who matched the inclusion criteria for OK were enrolled in the study.The subjects were divided into three groups according to the different refraction baseline (low myopia group:0.75 ～ 3.00 D,51 eyes;middle myopia group:3.25 ～ 5.00 D,36 eyes;high myopia group:5.25 ～ 9.00 D,20 eyes).Refraction,central corneal thickness,corneal keratometry,anterior chamber depth and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and after 1 years using ocular biometry.The changes were evaluated and compared among the groups.Results were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.[Results] Fifty-four subjects (total 107 eyes) completed the 1-year follow-up examinations.At baseline,the spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) was-2.15 D ± 0.63 D,-4.20 D ± 0.54 D,and-6.63 D ±1.18 D in three groups.The axial length was (24.50-± 0.66) mm,(25.16-± 0.65) mm,and (26.35 ± 0.87) mm in the three groups,respectively.There were no significant differences among the groups in initial central corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth,central,flat and steep kerotometry.The increase in axial length during the 1-year study period was (0.22 ± 0.27) mm,(0.09-± 0.22)mm and (0.02-± 0.22) mm in three groups,respectively,and the difference was significant between low myopia group and middle myopia group (P =0.04),low myopia group and high myopia group (P =0.008),whereas no significant difference was found between middle myopia group and high myopia group (P =0.35).Spherical equivalence decreased dramatically in three groups after one year (all P ＜ 0.0001).And the difference was significant between low myopia group and middle myopia group (P ＜ 0.0001),low myopia group and high myopia group (P ＜ 0.0001).Central,flat and steep kerotometry after one year became flatten in all group (all P ＜0.0001).There were no significant differences in the change of central corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth and corneal diameter.[Conclusions] OK lens is more effective in middle and high myopia control than in the low myopia control.The change in corneal keratometry may be one of the main factors influencing the OK treatment effect.

AIM:To investigate the perfusion parameters using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( DCE-MRI) in rectal cancer patients so as to explore its potential value in estimating the microvascular condition including perfusion and permeability .METHODS:The data of 38 rectal cancer patients examined with DCE-MRI was ret-rospectively analyzed .The perfusion parameters of carcinoma and normal rectal wall in each case were calculated , inclu-ding volume transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant of back flux (Kep), extravascular extracellular space fractional volume (Ve) and initial area under curve (iAUC).The mean values of tumor and normal rectal wall , mucinous and nonmucinous carcinoma, poorly and moderately-to-well differentiated carcinoma , case with or without lymph node metastasis were com-pared.RESULTS:All the parameters of rectal cancer were higher than normal rectal wall (P<0.01).No significant difference was found between poorly and moderately-to-well differentiated carcinoma in terms of K trans, Kep and Ve, neither was the case with or without lymph node metastasis .The cases with lymph node metastasis had lower iAUC than those with-out (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Quantitative perfusion DCE-MRI answered the microvascular perfusion and permeability change of rectal cancer compared with normal rectal wall , besides it could be used to distinguish between mucinous and nonmucinous carcinoma , which demonstrated its value in the evaluation of rectal cancer .However , it should not be recom-mended to predict the degrees of tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis just according to the perfusion param -eters.

Aim To study the influence of Sodium fer-ulate ( SF) on bone metabolism in glucocorticoid–in-duced osteoporosis rats. Methods Thirty cases of fe-male Wistar Rats(3-month-old) were divided into con-trol group, model group and SF group ( low-dose group, middle-dose group, high-dose group ) by ran-domized block design. Double fluorochrome labeling with calcein was performed before necropsy. The left tibia was taken for bone histomorphometry. Results In static parameters, the proximal tibia cancellous bone trabecular thickness, trabecular quantity and area ratio were significantly reduced in model group compared with control group;while compared with model group, those were increased in middle and high-dose SF group. Trabecular separation degree was increased in model group compared with control group, while it was decreased in middle and high-dose SF group compared with model group. In dynamic parameters, the calcula-tion parameters of cancellous bone mark perimeter rate and the bone formation rate were increased in model group compared with control group, in middle and high-dose SF group the bone formation rate was in-creased compared with model group. In bone cells, os-teoclast number per mm, osteoblast number per mm, percent osteoblast surface perimeter and percent osteo-clast surface perimeter were increased in model group compared with control group. In growth-plate, the thickness of growth-plate was increased in model group compared with control group. In bone cells and growth-plate there was no statistical significance between treat-ment group and model group. Conclusion This study demonstrates that SF can increase bone mass and im-prove bone structure,which may be related to the im-provement of bone formation. SF is effective for GIOP in rats.

Oroxylum indicum was a traditional Chinese medicine. In order to study the chemical constituents from the seed of O. indicum, the chemical constituents of 80% methanol extract of seeds of O. indicum were subjected to chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, leading to the isolation of eleven compounds. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data as oroxin B (1), chrysin (2), baicalein (3), neglectein (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy ranoside (5), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2α,3β-dihydroxylluPeol (7), lupeol (8), rengyol (9), β-sitostero (10), and stigmasterol (11). Among them, compound 5 were firstly obtained from O. indicum.
Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of breast density on computer-aided detection (CAD) for breast cancer and the CAD false-positive rate of normal controls.

METHODSTwo hundred and seventy-one histologically proven breast malignant lesions (from Feb. 2008 to Dec. 2009) and 238 randomly selected normal cases were classified by mammographic density according to the American College of Radiology breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). Mammograms of BI-RADS 1 or BI-RADS 2 density were categorized as non-dense breasts, and those of BI-RADS 3 or BI-RADS 4 density were categorized as dense breasts. Full-field digital mammography (GEMS Senographe) were performed in all patients and controls with craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views. Then the image data were transferred to review workstation (SenoAdvantage), and the lesions were marked by Second Look Digital CAD system (version 7.2, iCAD). The differences of sensitivity and false-positive rate between dense and non-dense breasts were compared.

RESULTSOverall, the sensitivity of CAD in detection of cancers was 84.1% (228/271), there was a statistically significant difference in CAD of cancers in dense versus non-dense breasts (P = 0.015). The sensitivity of CAD in detection of mass cancers was 76.5% (186/243), in detection of calcification cancers was 79.1% (125/158), there was no statistically significant difference in CAD performance for the detection of mass cancers versus calcification cancers (P = 0.547). There was a significant difference in the CAD performance for the detection of mass cancer cases in non-dense versus dense breasts (P = 0.001), but no significant difference in the CAD for the detection of calcification cancers in non-dense versus dense breasts (P = 0.216). In the controls, the distribution of mass false-positive marks did not differ significantly between non-dense and dense breast tissue cases (P = 0.207), but the distribution of calcification false-positive marks differed significantly between non-dense and dense breast tissue cases (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference of false-positive marks in non-dense versus dense breasts (P = 0.043).

CONCLUSIONSThe sensitivity of CAD in the detection of breast cancers is impacted by breast density. There is a statistically significant difference in the CAD performance for the detection of cancer cases in non-dense versus dense breasts. The false-positive rate of CAD is lower in dense versus non-dense breasts. It appears difficult for CAD in the early detection of breast cancer in the absence of microcalcifications, particularly in dense breasts.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Calcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVETo identify the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

METHODSPost hoc analysis on data from a prospective multicenter through a randomized control trial on thrombolysis and anticoagulant among 454 patients with acute symptomatic PTE from June 2002 to December 2004. All patients were confirmed PTE by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and/or ventilation perfusion scan or by magnetic resonance pulmonary angiography. Data of PTE patients with DVT was compared with those without DVT to identify the DVT risk factors. The effect of other variable on DVT was assessed by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSWhen comparing the age, sex body weight index and underlying diseases including hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebral accident and malignant tumor between groups of DVT and no DVT,data showed that there was no statistically significant difference except for diabetes (chi2 = 4.481, P = 0.034) among them.However,results from multi-analysis showed that edema of lower-limb [odd ratio (OR), 2.255; 95% CI, 1.493 to 3.408], phlebitis (OR, 2.380; 95% CI, 1.426 to 3.973) and the entire swollen (calf swelling > or =1 cm) larger than asymptomatic side (OR, 3.834; 95% CI, 2.561 to 5.738) were independent risk factors for DVT.

CONCLUSIONEdema of lower-limb, phlebitis and calf swelling > or =1 cm seemed to be risk factors for DVT.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lower Extremity ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phlebitis ; Pulmonary Embolism ; complications ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo examine the differences in food and antioxidant vitamin intake in current non-smokers,light smokers,and heavy smokers.

METHODS51 115 people (24 077 male, 27 038 female) aged above 15 years who had completed providing information on smoking habit and dietary intake, were selected from 2002 national health and nutrition survey.

RESULTSAfter adjustment for geographic areas and age, data showed the smokers ate more light vegetable and alcohol, less dark vegetable and fruit than non-smokers. Male smokers consumed more energetic stuff and macronutrients than non-smokers, but female smokers had opposite trends. Light smokers (LS) consumed less antioxidant than non-smokers (NS) after adjusted for area, age, BMI and energy, with carotene (Male LS = 1824.7 microg, NS = 1964.8 microg; Female LS = 1565.4 microg, NS = 2127.4 microg), thiamin (Male LS = 0.84 mg, NS = 0.85 mg; Female LS = 0.72 mg, NS = 0.74 mg), vitamin E (alpha) (Male LS = 9.2 mg, NS = 9.3 mg; Female LS = 7.4 mg, NS = 8.1 mg), vitamin C (Male LS = 91.2 mg, NS = 94.2 mg; Female LS = 76.9 mg, NS = 87.5 mg).

CONCLUSIONSmokers had a significantly lower overall mean dietary antioxidant vitamin intake than non-smokers. Increasing the daily consumption of variety of fruits and vegetables had been recommended to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Diet ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Smoking ; Vegetables ; Vitamins ; administration & dosage