The study is to describe the main activities of NGOs involved in programs of China AIDS Global Fund Round 5 and analyze the advantage and necessity of their involvement in HIV/AIDS control. The experience and problems of NGOs ' involvement in AIDS Global Fund Programs,as well as appropriate approaches to address them are discussed.

Early Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; methods ; trends ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Research ; trends

Asia ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Child ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To observe the effect of meridian balancing on speech disorder in children with cerebral palsy. Methods 130 childrenaged 1.5~7 years old were divided into the control group (n=62) and treatment group (n=68). The control group received routine rehabilitationwhile the treatment group received meridian balancing in addition. Results The rate of improvement was 89.7% in treatmentgroup and 79% in control group (P<0.05). The rate was more for those with language retardation than with anarthria in the treatment group(P<0.01). Conclusion The meridian balancing is effective on speech disorder in children with cerebral palsy, especially for those with languageretardation.

Body Height ; drug effects ; Child ; Drug Monitoring ; Growth Disorders ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Risk Factors

On the base of element and metabolism balancing,the mathematic model of the human-like collagen expression phase with recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 was developed and the unknown parameters in the model were estimated with the method of nonlinear optimization.The model was in agreement with the growth kinetics and the metabolic kinetics,and the key calculated parameters of ?h,?p and mx were 1.173 mol?C-mol-1,293.814 mol?C-mol-1 and 17.878 mol?C-mol-1?h-1 respectively.This model could preferably predict the macroscopic reaction rates,and in the synthesis phase of human-like collagen,the specific growth rate should be controlled at 0.04 h-1 with controlling glucose feeding rate to gain the highest specific production rate of human-like collagen.

Insulin receptor substrate(IRS)-1 and IRS-2 expression levels of liver tissues and skeletal muscle in intrauterine growth retarded(IUGR)rats were investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.An IUGR animal model was established by maternal nutrition restriction during pregnancy.IRS-2 expression level of liver tissue and IRS-1 expression level of skeletal muscle in IUGR rats at 0 and 3 weeks old were significantly lower than those in normal rats at the same age respectively,and insulin resistance was induced in IUGR,and these findings might be the molecular mechanisms susceptible to metabolic syndrome in IUGR rats.

Objective To explore the influencing factors for the purity and viability of primary cultured cortical neurons of rat,and optimize the separating and cultivating conditions of the cortical neurons.Methods The primary cotical neurons were cultured in a serum-free culture system of B27-supplemented neurobasal medium.The differences in purity and viability of primary cultured neurons between embr-yonic rat group and newborn rat [postnatal 24 h and 5 d] group were evaluated by morphology,immunocytochemistry of neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and trypan blue staining.The changes of neurons purity and viability in different trypsin digestion time(0 min,5 min and 15 min) at different environment temperatures(20 ℃ and 30 ℃) were assessed by immunocytochemistry and trypan blue staining.Results The primary cultured neurons from fetal and newborn rats grew well.There was no significant difference in embryonic rat and postnatal 1 d newborn rat group[(91.30?1.03)%,(89.50?1.78)% respectively in purity;and(98.20?0.58)%,(97.10?0.98)% respectively in viability].The neurons from 5-days newborn rat were inferior to that from fetal and 1-day newborn rat in purity and viability[(82.00?1.25)% and(92.87?1.56)% respectively].Shortening operation time and adjusting digestion time according to the environment temperatures could improve neuronal viability:A digestion for 15min at the environment temperature of 20 ℃ or for 5 min at 30 ℃ could acquired cells with higher viability [(98.20?0.58)% and(96.70?0.64)% respectively].Conclusions It is an easy,practical choice to culture priamry cortical neurons from postnatal 1 d newborn rats.Optimizing the separating and cultivating condition(environment temperatures,digest time,et al.) will improve the neurons purity and viability.

Background The classical theory from Gass holds that idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is due to the dragging of vitreous cortex in the tangent direction on the macular region,while spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT)studies found that the diameters of inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) absence (DIOA) region was closely associated with vision ability of IMH patients.Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) is thought to be a new method to study the relation between DIOA and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) ,but there are few relevant reports.Objective This study aimed to observe the correlation between photoreceptor IS/OS junction and SFCT before and after vitrectomy in IMH by EDI SD-OCT.Methods Forty unilateral IMH patients were enrolled in Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 2011 to June 2013.Vitrectomy (23G) was performed on the patients by the same operator.EDI mode of SD-OCT was used to measure DIOA and SFCT in horizontal direction before and 6 months after surgery.The relationship between DIOA and SFCT was evaluated using Pearson linear correlation analysis.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before medical assessment.Results IMH was anatomically closed after vitrectomy in 34 eyes with the closure rate 85％.The mean DIOA was (1 280±753) μm in preoperation, which was significantly higher than (656 ± 322) μm in postoperation (t =4.989, P =0.000).The mean SFCT was (130±43)μm in preoperation,showing a slight reduce in comparison with (140±38)μrn in postoperation, but there was not statistical significance between them (t =-1.407, P =0.175).Negative correlations were found between DIOA and SFCT in both preoperation and postoperation (preoperation:r=-0.748 ,P=0.000;postoperation: r=-0.686,P =0.001).Conclusions The alteration of DIOA shows a negative correlation with SFCT in IMH eyes,suggesting a contributing role of the choroid in the change of photoreceptors of IMH.