The study is to describe the main activities of NGOs involved in programs of China AIDS Global Fund Round 5 and analyze the advantage and necessity of their involvement in HIV/AIDS control. The experience and problems of NGOs ' involvement in AIDS Global Fund Programs,as well as appropriate approaches to address them are discussed.

Early Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; methods ; trends ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Research ; trends

Asia ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Child ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; diagnosis ; therapy

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; Aged ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thromboplastin ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) before radiation in pancreatic cancer patients underwent radiation therapy. Methods:Clinical data of 61 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were retrospectirely analyzed. Query index values for each patient were clinically tested through electronic medical records. Overall survival (OS) data were collected through electronic medical records or telephone follow-up. Survival curves were compared using Kaplan-Meier methodology and log-rank test. Cox regression methodolo-gy was used for univariate analysis. Results:Using log-rank test and univariate regression analysis, we found that patients with lower NLR, PLR, CA19-9, increased PNI, and lower TNM-staging lived longer than those with increased NLR, PLR, CA19-9, lower PNI, and high-er TNM-staging, and that the difference was statistically significant. Through multivariate analysis, we found that NLR (P=0.029, OR 2.344, 95%CI:1.090-5.041) and PNI (P=0.026, OR 0.477, 95%CI:0.248-0.917) were independent predictors of OS in patients with pan-creatic cancer. Conclusion:NLR, PLR, and PNI are simple, effective, and reliable indicators for evaluating the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

On the base of element and metabolism balancing,the mathematic model of the human-like collagen expression phase with recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 was developed and the unknown parameters in the model were estimated with the method of nonlinear optimization.The model was in agreement with the growth kinetics and the metabolic kinetics,and the key calculated parameters of ?h,?p and mx were 1.173 mol?C-mol-1,293.814 mol?C-mol-1 and 17.878 mol?C-mol-1?h-1 respectively.This model could preferably predict the macroscopic reaction rates,and in the synthesis phase of human-like collagen,the specific growth rate should be controlled at 0.04 h-1 with controlling glucose feeding rate to gain the highest specific production rate of human-like collagen.

Insulin receptor substrate(IRS)-1 and IRS-2 expression levels of liver tissues and skeletal muscle in intrauterine growth retarded(IUGR)rats were investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.An IUGR animal model was established by maternal nutrition restriction during pregnancy.IRS-2 expression level of liver tissue and IRS-1 expression level of skeletal muscle in IUGR rats at 0 and 3 weeks old were significantly lower than those in normal rats at the same age respectively,and insulin resistance was induced in IUGR,and these findings might be the molecular mechanisms susceptible to metabolic syndrome in IUGR rats.

Objectives To investigate dynamic pathological features and virus distribution in the liver with a murine severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)model injected with murine hepati- tis virus 3(MHV-3)through trachea.As a representative of host genes,mouse fgl2(mfgl2)pro- thrombinase gene expression and its clinical significance were discussed in SARS associated liver dam- ages.Methods The Balb/cJ mice were infected with 100 PFU of MHV-3 through trachea and Balb/ cJ mice injected with saline were served as control.Survival rate,pathological features in organs and liver function were observed.Virus titers in different organs were determined on monolayer of L2 cells by a standard plaque assay.Virus distribution and cellular localization were studied by in situ hy- bridization.Both mfgl2 and fibrin expressions were examined in the liver by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of mfgl2 in the liver impairment.Results Mice infected with MHV-3 through trachea developed multiple organs damages and died within 5 days,while all mice in control group survived with no histopathological changes.Infected liver tissues showed wide- spread cloudy swelling,prominent ballooning degeneration with mild lymphocytic infiltration in the portal area.Dot and zonal hepatocellular necrosis could be found occasionally.The lungs showed typi- cal interstitial pneumonia and hyaline membranes formation.Other histological changes also could be found in other organs examined.MHV-3 virus replication was identified in all organs observed.The liver function was injured,mfgl2 expression were evidenced mainly in the necrosis areas with fibrin deposition around the necrosis areas.Conclusions Pathological changes of the liver in this murine SARS model can mimic the liver impairment characteristics of SARS in human.In addition to the physical damage induced by the virus,the up-regulation of novel gene mfgl2 in the liver in association with fibrin deposition may play a vital role in the development of SARS associated liver damages.

Objective To observe the effect of aerobic exercises on the expression of synaptophysin (SYP)and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in the prefrontal lobe of brain-aging rats induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and to explore the underlying mechanism of aerobic exercises relieving learning and memory deficits in the brain-aging process.Methods Thirty-six 3-month-old male Sprage-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a saline control group (C),a D-gal control group (D),and a D-gal and aerobic exercises group (DE),each of 12.The rats in both group D and DE were injected D-gal (100 mg/kg body weight) abdominally every day for 6 consecutive weeks,while those in group C were injected the same amount of saline.Meanwhile,the rats in group DE had performed aerobic swimming for 1 hour daily,while the other two groups did not do any exercises.Then,the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed to estimate the learning and memory abilities.The immunofluorescence technology,Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to determine the expression levels of SYP,PSD-95,SYP mRNA and PSD-95 mRNA in the prefrontal lobe.Results In the process of navigation training,all animals' escape latencies shortened gradually,indicating that each rat was able to learn to locate the submerged platform.The rats in group C and DE showed best performance on day 3 and no significant improvement was observed thereafter,whereas those in group D improved at a slower pace,and reached maximal performance on day 5.On the 2nd,3rd and 4th days of the navigation training,the average escape latency of group D was significantly longer than that of group C and group DE (P＜0.05),while on the 1st,5th and 6th days,there was no significant difference among the 3 groups.In the probe trial,rats in group D spent significantly less time in the target quadrant compared with both group C and DE (P＜0.05),and rats in group C and DE crossed where the platform was fixed significanlty more often than group D (P＜0.05).The expression levels of SYP and SYP mRNA in the prefrontal lobe of rats in group D were significantly lower than group C (P＜0.01),and group DE (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the expression levels of PSD-95 and PSD mRNA in the prefrontal lobe of rats in group D declined significantly (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in PSD-95 expression between group D and DE,but the level of PSD-95 protein molecule of group DE was significantly higher than that of group D (P＜0.05).Conclusions The aerobic exercises can ameliorate the deficits of SYP and PSD-95 expression in the frontal cortex of aging rats induced by D-gal to some extent,and improve their learning and memory abilities.