The study is to describe the main activities of NGOs involved in programs of China AIDS Global Fund Round 5 and analyze the advantage and necessity of their involvement in HIV/AIDS control. The experience and problems of NGOs ' involvement in AIDS Global Fund Programs,as well as appropriate approaches to address them are discussed.

Asia ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Early Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; methods ; trends ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Research ; trends

Child ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; diagnosis ; therapy

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; Aged ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thromboplastin ; metabolism

Objectives To investigate dynamic pathological features and virus distribution in the liver with a murine severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)model injected with murine hepati- tis virus 3(MHV-3)through trachea.As a representative of host genes,mouse fgl2(mfgl2)pro- thrombinase gene expression and its clinical significance were discussed in SARS associated liver dam- ages.Methods The Balb/cJ mice were infected with 100 PFU of MHV-3 through trachea and Balb/ cJ mice injected with saline were served as control.Survival rate,pathological features in organs and liver function were observed.Virus titers in different organs were determined on monolayer of L2 cells by a standard plaque assay.Virus distribution and cellular localization were studied by in situ hy- bridization.Both mfgl2 and fibrin expressions were examined in the liver by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of mfgl2 in the liver impairment.Results Mice infected with MHV-3 through trachea developed multiple organs damages and died within 5 days,while all mice in control group survived with no histopathological changes.Infected liver tissues showed wide- spread cloudy swelling,prominent ballooning degeneration with mild lymphocytic infiltration in the portal area.Dot and zonal hepatocellular necrosis could be found occasionally.The lungs showed typi- cal interstitial pneumonia and hyaline membranes formation.Other histological changes also could be found in other organs examined.MHV-3 virus replication was identified in all organs observed.The liver function was injured,mfgl2 expression were evidenced mainly in the necrosis areas with fibrin deposition around the necrosis areas.Conclusions Pathological changes of the liver in this murine SARS model can mimic the liver impairment characteristics of SARS in human.In addition to the physical damage induced by the virus,the up-regulation of novel gene mfgl2 in the liver in association with fibrin deposition may play a vital role in the development of SARS associated liver damages.

On the base of element and metabolism balancing,the mathematic model of the human-like collagen expression phase with recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 was developed and the unknown parameters in the model were estimated with the method of nonlinear optimization.The model was in agreement with the growth kinetics and the metabolic kinetics,and the key calculated parameters of ?h,?p and mx were 1.173 mol?C-mol-1,293.814 mol?C-mol-1 and 17.878 mol?C-mol-1?h-1 respectively.This model could preferably predict the macroscopic reaction rates,and in the synthesis phase of human-like collagen,the specific growth rate should be controlled at 0.04 h-1 with controlling glucose feeding rate to gain the highest specific production rate of human-like collagen.

Background The classical theory from Gass holds that idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is due to the dragging of vitreous cortex in the tangent direction on the macular region,while spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT)studies found that the diameters of inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) absence (DIOA) region was closely associated with vision ability of IMH patients.Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) is thought to be a new method to study the relation between DIOA and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) ,but there are few relevant reports.Objective This study aimed to observe the correlation between photoreceptor IS/OS junction and SFCT before and after vitrectomy in IMH by EDI SD-OCT.Methods Forty unilateral IMH patients were enrolled in Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 2011 to June 2013.Vitrectomy (23G) was performed on the patients by the same operator.EDI mode of SD-OCT was used to measure DIOA and SFCT in horizontal direction before and 6 months after surgery.The relationship between DIOA and SFCT was evaluated using Pearson linear correlation analysis.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before medical assessment.Results IMH was anatomically closed after vitrectomy in 34 eyes with the closure rate 85％.The mean DIOA was (1 280±753) μm in preoperation, which was significantly higher than (656 ± 322) μm in postoperation (t =4.989, P =0.000).The mean SFCT was (130±43)μm in preoperation,showing a slight reduce in comparison with (140±38)μrn in postoperation, but there was not statistical significance between them (t =-1.407, P =0.175).Negative correlations were found between DIOA and SFCT in both preoperation and postoperation (preoperation:r=-0.748 ,P=0.000;postoperation: r=-0.686,P =0.001).Conclusions The alteration of DIOA shows a negative correlation with SFCT in IMH eyes,suggesting a contributing role of the choroid in the change of photoreceptors of IMH.

Objective To analyze the ABCD1 gene mutations in 5 cases of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy(X-ALD) patients and 2 cases of their mothers.Methods Of 5 patients with X-ALD,10 exons and flanking intronic sequences of ABCD1 gene were amplified by polyme-rase chain reaction,and then sequenced directly.The outcomes were compared with normal ABCD1 sequencings to identify the mutation type and site.Thirty normal men were examined in the mean time as control for the confirmation of mutations and gene polymorphisms.Results Three patients showed ABCD1 gene mutations,1 had a point mutation in exon 6,Arg518Gly(CGG→GGG);2 patients showed the same novel mutation in exon 1 with 8 bases deletion(134del8).Four gene polymorphisms were identified in exon 7.They were Gly551X(GGC→GGT),Arg554His(CGT→CAT),Gln567Arg(CAA→CGA) and Val582Ile(GTC→ATC).ABCD1 gene mutation was not found in 2 mothers from 2 unrelated fa-milies with X-ALD.Conclusions Three cases of 5 were detected for ABCD1 gene mutations.Between them,the 134del8 mutation is a novel one.Four new gene polymorphisms were detected in exon 7 in normal Chinese people,which were Gly551X,Arg554His,Gln567Arg and Val582Ile.

Objective To observe the effect of aerobic exercises on the expression of synaptophysin (SYP)and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in the prefrontal lobe of brain-aging rats induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and to explore the underlying mechanism of aerobic exercises relieving learning and memory deficits in the brain-aging process.Methods Thirty-six 3-month-old male Sprage-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a saline control group (C),a D-gal control group (D),and a D-gal and aerobic exercises group (DE),each of 12.The rats in both group D and DE were injected D-gal (100 mg/kg body weight) abdominally every day for 6 consecutive weeks,while those in group C were injected the same amount of saline.Meanwhile,the rats in group DE had performed aerobic swimming for 1 hour daily,while the other two groups did not do any exercises.Then,the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed to estimate the learning and memory abilities.The immunofluorescence technology,Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to determine the expression levels of SYP,PSD-95,SYP mRNA and PSD-95 mRNA in the prefrontal lobe.Results In the process of navigation training,all animals' escape latencies shortened gradually,indicating that each rat was able to learn to locate the submerged platform.The rats in group C and DE showed best performance on day 3 and no significant improvement was observed thereafter,whereas those in group D improved at a slower pace,and reached maximal performance on day 5.On the 2nd,3rd and 4th days of the navigation training,the average escape latency of group D was significantly longer than that of group C and group DE (P＜0.05),while on the 1st,5th and 6th days,there was no significant difference among the 3 groups.In the probe trial,rats in group D spent significantly less time in the target quadrant compared with both group C and DE (P＜0.05),and rats in group C and DE crossed where the platform was fixed significanlty more often than group D (P＜0.05).The expression levels of SYP and SYP mRNA in the prefrontal lobe of rats in group D were significantly lower than group C (P＜0.01),and group DE (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the expression levels of PSD-95 and PSD mRNA in the prefrontal lobe of rats in group D declined significantly (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in PSD-95 expression between group D and DE,but the level of PSD-95 protein molecule of group DE was significantly higher than that of group D (P＜0.05).Conclusions The aerobic exercises can ameliorate the deficits of SYP and PSD-95 expression in the frontal cortex of aging rats induced by D-gal to some extent,and improve their learning and memory abilities.