Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bloodletting ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus ; therapy

Objective To investigate the perfusion characteristics of intraductal breast lesion by real-time gray-scale contrast ultrasound and to determine the value of real contrast ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast masses.Methods A total of 30 breast lumps by ultrasound contrast enhancement were observed from the enhanced level.An enhanced mode and enhanced border were observed when the lesion was clear.The perfusion characteristics were compared between the benign and malignant lesions.Results Thirty breast lumps include 17 benign lumps and 13 benign lumps by pathological operation.After injected with the microbubble contrast medium,all breast lumps enhanced to varied extent.And malignant lesions showed significant enhancement for more than 3 grade(69.2%,9/13).The radial enhancement around lesion were mainly observed in the malignant lesions (P＜0.05).Conclusion The microvascular perfusion of breast intraductal lesions can be clearly displayed by real-time gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound.The feasibility of differentiation between benign and malignant lesions according to their perfusion characteristics appears to be promising.

Mycoplamas are a group of wall-less prokaryotes widely distributed in nature, some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals. There are many lipoproteins anchored on the outer face of the plasma membrane, called lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs). LAMPs are highly antigenic and could undergo phase and size variation, and are recognized by the innate immune system through Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 6. LAMPs can modulate the immune system, and could induce immune cells apoptosis or death. In addition, they may associate with malignant transformation of host cells and are also considered to be cofactors in the progression of AIDS.
Animals ; Humans ; Lipids ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mycoplasma ; physiology ; Mycoplasma Infections ; immunology ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Protein Binding ; Signal Transduction

Objective To build a clinical key disciplines evaluation index system for county level hospitals in Chengdu city.Methods Literature meta analysis, focus group discussion, expert consultation method, boundary value method, brainstorming and hierarchy analysis method were comprehensively used.Results The clinical key disciplines evaluation index system for county level hospitals in Chengdu city comprises 5 level-1 indexes,1 6 level-2 indexes,47 level-3 indexes.Among the level-1 indexes,service capacity,medical quality,technical personnel,scientific research and education, and foundation of specialty was 0.474 6,0.202 7,0.148 2,0.097 7,0.076 8 respectively.Conclusion The clinical key disciplines evaluation index system for county level hospitals in Chengdu city is scientific, guiding and practical,which can be used to evaluate the status of the clinical key disciplines for county level hospitals in Chengdu city.

Mycoplasmas, the smallest free-living, self-replicating bacteria with diameters of 200 to 800 nm, have been reported to be associated with human diseases. It is well known that the mycoplasma lipoprotein/peptide is able to modulate the host immune system, whose N-terminal structure is an important factor in inducing immunity and distinguishing Toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, there is still no clear elucidation about the pathogenic mechanism of mycoplasma lipoprotein/peptide and the signaling pathway. Some researchers have focused on understanding the structures of these proteins and the relationships between their structure and biological function. This review provides an update on the research in this field.
Lipoproteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mycoplasma ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors ; chemistry ; metabolism

Endovascular embolization has increasingly been applied for brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM). With our better understanding of BAVM and the continuous improvement of micro-catheter technology and embolic materials, the therapeutic effectiveness has constantly increased. This paper reviews recent advances in research on BAVM and the application of endovascular embolization.
Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; therapy

To investigate the role and mechanism of ceramide (Cer) regulation in alcohol-induced neuronal proliferation and the newborn neurons formation, we used sphingomyelin synthase 2 (predominant enzyme of Cer metabolism) knockout (SMS2(-/-)) and wild type (WT) female mice to establish the model of prenatal alcohol exposure. In 24 h after being given birth (postnatal day 0, P0), the offspring of model mice received blood sphingomyelin (SM) measurement with enzymatic method. On P0, P7, P14 and P30, the proliferation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus and newborn neurons were investigated with immunofluorescent labeling. The expression of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in the hippocampus was tested with Western blot analysis. The results showed that the SM level of blood in SMS2(-/-) pups was significantly lower than that in WT pups. No matter in SMS2(-/-) or WT mice, the prenatal alcohol exposure down-regulated the SM levels in pups with dose-dependency. In both SMS2(-/-) and WT pups, the number of proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus gradually decreased with the growing age. Compared with the WT pups, SMS2(-/-) pups showed significantly more proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. Notably, prenatal alcohol exposure dose-dependently increased proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus in both WT and SMS2(-/-) pups. The hippocampal expression of PKCα protein in SMS2(-/-) mice was lower than that in WT mice, and prenatal alcohol exposure could up-regulate the PKCα protein expression in both WT and SMS2(-/-) mice with dose dependency. These results suggest that alcohol exposure during pregnancy can induce the compensatory neural cell proliferation and the production of newborn neurons in offspring, and the Cer-ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) pathway is involved in alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation. The activation of PKCα may be a key step to start the Cer-C1P pathway and up-regulate the alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation and the newborn neurons formation.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ceramides ; metabolism ; Dentate Gyrus ; cytology ; Ethanol ; toxicity ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; physiopathology ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide on renin-angiotensin system of offspring rats.

METHODSSix pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The rats in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group were treated with LPS 0.79 mg/kg (i.p.) on the 8th, 10th and 12th day of gestation, and rats in the control group were treated with saline at the same time points. The blood pressure of offspring rats was measured by the tail cuff method. Protein expression of Angiotensin II (AngII) in thoracic aorta vessel was determined by immunohistochemistry. Protein expressions of AngII type 1 and type 2 receptor in thoracic aorta vessel were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSBlood pressure of 12-week-old offspring rats of LPS group was significantly higher than that of 12-week-old offspring rats of control group (P < 0.01). The protein expression of AngII and AngII type 1 receptor in thoracic aorta vessel were significantly higher while protein expression of AngII type 2 receptor was lower in 15-week-old offspring rats of LPS group than in control group, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of AngII type 1 receptor/AngII type 2 receptor in the aorta at 15-week-old of offspring rats than in 15-week-old offspring rats of control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPrenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure results vascular renin-angiotensin system dysfunction, which may play an important role on the pathogenesis of hypertension development in offspring rats.

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Hypertension ; etiology ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; drug effects

Acute Disease ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Child ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare the effects of natural colloid and artificial colloid on pulmonary edema of swine during shock stage of severe burn injury.

METHODSTwelve Guangxi Bama miniature swine were inflicted with 40% TBSA full-thickness burn on the back, and then they were divided into natural colloid group (N) and artificial colloid group (A) according to the random number table, with six swine in each group. At post injury hour (PIH) 2, fluid resuscitation was begun. The main part of electrolyte was lactic acid Ringer's solution. The colloids included swine plasma and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4. Before injury and at every hour within PIH 48, heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume, central venous pressure (CVP), and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) were recorded. The mean heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume per hour per kg of body weight, CVP, PAWP, resuscitation liquid volume, and the ratio of fluid intake to output during the first and second PIH 24 were calculated. At PIH 48, lung tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and calculation of lung water ratio. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance of repeated measurement, LSD test and independent sample t test.

RESULTS(1) There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in heart rate, blood pressure, and urine volume before injury and during the first and second PIH 24 (P values all above 0.05); during the first PIH 24, the CVP and PAWP of group A were significantly higher than those of group N (P values all below 0.05). Compared with those before injury, the heart rate, CVP and PAWP of two groups during the first and second PIH 24 were significantly higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the urine volume of group N was decreased during the first PIH 24 (P < 0.05), while there was no significant change in group A (P > 0.05); the urine volumes of two groups during the second PIH 24 were increased, while no statistically significant differences were observed (P values all above 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure of two groups between the first, second PIH 24 and before injury (P values all above 0.05). (2) There were no statistically significant differences in the resuscitation liquid volume and fluid intake to output ratio between two groups during the first and second PIH 24 (P values all above 0.05). (3) The alveolar septum was found widened in varying degrees, and there were edema fluid accumulating and inflammatory cell infiltrating within the pulmonary interstitial of lung tissue sections in both two groups. (4) The lung water ratio of group N [(71 ± 10)%] was not statistically significant different from that of group A [(79 ± 4)%, t = -1.753, P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSThe natural colloid or artificial colloid (hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4) applied during shock stage had similar effects on pulmonary edema in swine with severe burn.

Animals ; Burns ; complications ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; Shock ; complications ; therapy ; Swine