Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of breast cancer and affects the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, decreases blood glucose level and has a role in suppressing various cancers. In addition, metformin has a unique in-hibitory effect on breast cancer, i.e., it can inhibit breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, metformin exerts its anti-tumor ef-fect on epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive and monoclonal antibody trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell lines, breast cancer stem cells, and triple negative breast cancer cells. Metformin can reduce the risk of the breast cancer in patients with dia-betes, lower histologic grade, and increase expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Furthermore, metformin has certain effect on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. This review aims to clarify the mechanism of metformin in restraining breast cancer based on basic and clinical study results.

Conventional diagnostic methods used for pathologic nipple discharge (PND) include color ultrasound, mammary mo-lybdenum target X-ray radiography (mammography), nipple cytologic smears, and ductography. Diagnosis of PND through inspection yields indirect signs and has low positive rate. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) allows direct visualization of intra-ductal lesions, evaluates etiology of PND, and accurately locates intraductal lesions through wire marking. FDS is a valuable test for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and can help identify appropriate location for surgical excision. Interventional treatment for ductal ectasia and inflamma-tion is also efficient. Our study discusses FDS as a novel diagnosis and treatment method for PND patients.

Using the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as the indictor bacterium,fourteen antibacterial strains were initially obtained by the bilayer-media screening method from the raw milk samples,and one isolate was found to exhibit the higher antibacterial activity against the indicator. This isolate was further studied on its individual and cultural morphology features,partial physiological and biochemical reaction activities,G+C content,the sequence features of the 16S rDNA and the species-specific N-acetylmuraminidase gene(acmA) ,consequently,it was identified as the Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain,named as MB191. An evaluation of the antimicrobial spectra of MB191 was subsequently performed,it showed the remarkable activities against not only the tested Gram-positive bacteria,but also several Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas syringae and P. fluorescens,as well as the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii,which was a distinctive feature that was not reported prior to this study.

This is to report the screening, extracting and validating antitumor components and compounds from Stellera chamaejasme L. under the case of discrete distribution of active data. In this work, different components from Stellera chamaejasme L. were collected by HPD macroporous resin and polyamide resin column, and their antitumor activity on A549 were tested by MTT assay. Activity results indicate that activity of components at 30-39 min is more potent than that of Stellera chamaejasme L. extract, and the activity of components at 33.97 min is equivalent to positive drug, cis-platinum at 100 microg x mL(-1), but with totally different mode of action. Under the case of discrete activity, the weight analysis is capable of screening active components and compounds from natural products.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry

Twelve compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Achillea alpina by column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. The compounds were identified as pellitorine(1), 8,9-dehydropellitorine(2), (E,E)-2,4-undecadien-8, 10-diynoic acid isobutylamide(3), (E,E)-2,4-tetradecadien-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide(4),sintenin(5), 4',5,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone(6), chrysoplenetin(7), formononetin(8), aurantiamide(9), asperglaucide(10), artemetin(11), and eupatorin(12). compounds 1-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 6-10 were isolated from the genus Achillea for the first time.
Achillea ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo observe root surfaces and analyze the mineral contents in cementum of patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP).

METHODSTen teeth were selected from RPP patients, adult periodontitis (AP) patients and healthy (H) control subjects respectively, and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (JSM-35C). The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used to measure the mineral contents in cementum (Ca, P, Mg).

RESULTSThe root surfaces of RPP teeth were similar to that of AP teeth. Ca: 64.60% +/- 2.29% vs 63.54% +/- 2.97%, P > 0.05; P: 32.54% +/- 1.29% vs 32.97% +/- 2.40%, P > 0.05; Mg: 2.86% +/- 1.29% vs 3.48% +/- 1.02%, P > 0.05; Ca/P: 2.00 +/- 0.17 vs 1.95 +/- 0.25, P > 0.05. There were no differences in Ca, P, Mg contents and Ca/P ratio between RPP teeth and AP teeth.

CONCLUSIONThere may not be cementoplasia in a part of RPP teeth.

Adult ; Dental Cementum ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Periodontitis ; pathology ; Tooth Root ; chemistry ; ultrastructure

Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; Humans ; MART-1 Antigen ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Osteoclasts ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Clear Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between degree of abnormal deeper lateral femoral notch between anterior cruciate ligament tear.

METHODSThe radiograph and MRI image material of 16 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury from January 2013 to November 2013 were reviewed including 14 males and 2 females with an average age of 28.3 years old ranging from 18 to 52 years. Eleven cases was on right side and 5 on left. Survey tool of PASC imaging system was used to measure the depth of lateral femoral notch in patients with abnormal indicated by lateral X-ray view or sagittal view of MRI in knee joint,while clinical data,physical examination,image material in arthroscopy of these patients were retrospective researched.

RESULTSFour patients had an abnormal lateral femoral notch with the depth of 2 mm on lateral X-ray and sagittal MRI, while positive anterior drawer sign and Lachman test as well as anterior cruciate ligament tears on MRI, and completed tears were comfirmed on the operation of arthroscopy. Two patients without abnomal lateral femoral notch on lateral view of X-ray while with the depth of 1 mm on sagittal view of MRI were also coupled with positive anterior drawer sign and Lachman test as well as anterior cruciate ligament tears on MRI, and one of them were comfirmed completed anterior cruciate ligament tears on the arthroscopy operation and completed tear could not comfirmed on another one because of disagreed with arthroscopy operation.

CONCLUSIONThere appears to be an association between abnormal lateral femoral notch on lateral view of knee with anterior cruciate ligament tears. An abnormal deeper lateral femoral notch is an indirect evidence for anterior cruciate ligament tears.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Female ; Femur ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the clinical factors on the functional recovery of spinal cord cavernous hemangioma operation. Methods Fifty cases patients with complete spinal cord cavernous hemangioma were retrospectively analyzed their clinical data and its influence on prognosis of 2 years. Single factor and multiple factors analysis were performed. Results Compared with the preoperative stage,the grade of Aminoff-Logue score of 28 cases(50. 9%)had improved at least one grade,14 cases(25. 5%)patients with no significant changes and 13 cases(23. 6%)with decreased one grade at least. Logistic regression model showed that patients with clinical types(OR=3. 27,95%CI 2. 34-15. 83,P=0. 006),the time of the attacks to the surgery(OR=2. 93,95%CI 1. 41-10. 61,P=0. 012),and the attacks to the operation time( OR=4. 31,95%CI 2. 46 -12. 32,P = 0. 019 ) were related to neurological function recovery of spinal cord cavernous hemangiomas. Conclusion For patients with SCH dysfunction,regardless of what kind of clinical types of neurological dysfunction extent,should receive surgical treatment to improve neurological function recovery rate as soon as possible.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitriles ; poisoning ; Rabbits