Objective: To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric ulcer. Methods: Animal model of stress-induced gastric ulcer was established in rats with water-immersion restraint (WIR) stress. The mucosal activation of ERK1/2 was observed before and 5, 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2 and 3.5 h after WIR stress. Some animals were also treated with an intravenous injection of PD98059 (1 mg/kg), a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, 1 h prior to WIR stress. Expression of total ERK1/2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis; ERK1/2 activity was measured by kinase activity assay using myelin basic protein as a specific substrate. DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Mucosal TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blot analysis. The degrees of the gastric mucosal lesions were expressed as ulcer index (UI) and pathological evaluation. Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa was examined by an in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Results: Activated ERK1/2 was very weakly expressed in the gastric mucosa of normal rats. ERK1/2 was rapidly activated in the gastric mucosa of rats 15 min after WIR stress and the activity reached the maximal after 3.5 h. Pretreatment with PD98059 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 activation, decreased AP-1 and NF-κB activities and TNF-α and IL-β mRNA expression, and obviously relieved gastric mucosal lesions, accompanied by caspase-3 activation and increased apoptosis. Conclusion: The present results indicate that ERK1/2 activation plays an important role in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer.

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Glutamates ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

[Objective] To discuss the operation and clinical results about surgical treatment of scoliosis of thoracic hemivertebra and diastematomyelia of adolescent.[Methods]From Jan 2001 to June 2007,15 patients were treated with one-stage posterior hemivertebrae and osseous divide resection combined with transpedicular instrumentation and bone graft.There were 6 males and 9 females with an average age of 21.2 years(range 16 to 24 years).All cases were segmented hemivertebrae.Hemivertebrae were located at T11(n=3)and T12(n=12).The status of the spinal fusion,correction rate and instrumentation were evaluated after surgery.[Results]All cases were followed up for 19 to 45 months with an average of 34 months.Cobb's angles of the main curve were 52.3??3.8?before surgery,10.2??1.4? after surgery.At the final follow-up there was 1.6? loss of correction.The mean height was increased by 3.76 cm.The district of bone graft showed good bone fusion.The time of vertebra fusion was 3 to 5 months(mean 3.6 months).No instrumentation,spinal fusion failure or other severe complications were noted.[Conclusion]One-stage posterior hemivertebrae and osseous divide resection combined with transpedicular instrumentation and bone graft can achieve a satisfactory result for the treatment of scoliosis of thoracic hemivertebra and diastematomyelia of adolescent.It can be recommended in clinical practice because of a good stability of fixation and fine spinal fusion.

Objective To study the long term results of thoracolumbar fractures treatment with AF (atlas fixator) pedicle system. Methods The clinical results of 60 cases of thoracolumbar fractures treated with AF pedicle system from 1996 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The follow ups lasted from 3 to 6 years, averaging 4 years. The neurological function improved by at least 2 ASIA grades in 27 cases and by 1 ASIA grade in 33 cases. The correction of the vertebral body height averaged 95.1%, and the correction loss averaged 19.7%. Degeneration and narrowing of the disc space next to the fractured vertebrae were common, and correction loss was most evident at the upper disc spaces. Conclusions The AF pedicle system can achieve good long term clinical results for the recovery of neurological function and the vertebral body height. But the rates of implant failure and correction loss are still high probably due to deficiency of bone grafting and delayed implant removal.

Taxus is the source plant of anti-cancer drug paclitaxel and its biosynthetic precursor, analogs and derivatives, which has been studying for decades. There are many endemic Taxus species in China, which have been studied in the field of multiple disciplines. Based on the recent studies of the researchers, this review comments on the study of Taxus biology and chemistry. The bibliometric method is used to quantify the global scientific production of Taxus-related research, and identify patterns and tendencies of Taxus-related articles. Gaps are present in knowledge about the genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics of Taxus and their endophytic fungi. Systems biology and various omics technologies will play an increasingly important role in the coming decades.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; poisoning ; Cardiomyopathies ; etiology ; therapy ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form ; Electrocardiography ; Foodborne Diseases ; blood ; complications ; therapy ; Glutamyl Aminopeptidase ; blood ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; etiology ; Seizures ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection (NI) in our hospital,analyze the related factors,and provide theoretical basis for better prevention and control of NI. METHODS A total of 19 203 inpatients from Dec 2006 to Nov 2007 were retrospectively analyzed,of which 387 inpatients suffering from NI. RESULTS The rate of NI was 2.02%,the highest infected rate was in ICU (24.32%). The main infection site was respiratory tract (57.58%). The species were predominated by Gram-negatives (52.00%). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of NI is connected with factors such as age,underlying diseases,invasive operation and the misusage of antibiotics.

AlM:To compare the effect of different incision in corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification.
METHODS: Totally 88 cases ( 122 eyes ) with pure cataract were randomly divided into two groups. Forty cases (60 eyes) were clarity corneal incision in group A, and 48 cases ( 62 eyes ) were sclera tunnel incision in group B. Mean corneal astigmatism, surgically induced astigmatism ( SlA ) , uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) and best correct vision acuity ( BCVA ) were observed in pre- and post-operation at 1d;1wk;1mo.
RESULTS: The mean astigmatism had statistically significant difference between two groups at 1d; 1wk;1mo after operation(P<0. 05). The SlA had statistically significant difference at 1d ( P<0. 05 ); The SlA had no statistically significant difference between two groups at 1mo after operation (P>0. 05). UCVA≥0. 5 and BCVA≥0. 8 had statistically significant difference at 1d; 1wk ( P<0. 05) . There had no statistically significant difference at 1mo after operation (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: Phacoemulsification with scleral tunnel incision remove combined intraocular lens ( lOL ) implantation has small changes to corneal astigmatism. By selecting personalized corneal incision according to the corneal topography might be more beneficial.

Objective:To explore the application and effect of team-based learning (TBL) combined with flipped classroom in the teaching of physiology.Methods:A total of 70 medical students were selected and randomly divided into two groups, experimental group ( n=34) and control group ( n=36). Both groups studied digestion physiology by different method. In the experimental group, the students were taught by TBL combined with flipped classroom. The control group was given traditional teaching. The students studied and discussed problems in a team, and shared the answers in the flipped classroom. The effects of teaching were evaluated by the final test scores and the self-made questionnaire. SPSS 17.0 was used for t test on data comparison between the two groups. Results:The test scores of digestion physiology in the experimental group were (5.47±1.02) points, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (4.42±1.63) points, with significant differences ( P=0.020). A total of 34 questionnaires were issued and 34 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 100%. The questionnaire results showed that TBL combined with flipped classroom was accepted and approved by about 82% of students in the experimental group who agreed that the teaching model helps enhance students' initiative and interest in learning, develop their sense of cooperation and comprehensive application ability. Conclusion:TBL combined with flipped classroom is feasible and effective in the physiological teaching, and it can be popularized in medical courses.

Objective To explore the effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on cell multiplication and apoptosis at exposure coverage and marginal zone and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis of subcutaneous neurogliocytoma in nude mice. Methods Eighteen nude mice bearing subcutaneous human neurogliocytoma were consecutively ablated in 20s by an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and focal intensity 2500W/cm2). The 18 nude mice were randomly di?vided into 7 d group,14 d group and 30 d group according to sacrifice date. Immunohistochemical method, TdT-mediat?ed dUTP nick end labeling method were used to examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and prolifer?ating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone, respectively. Results The expression of VEGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were evident at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone in 7, 14 and 30 days after ablation. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis were absent at exposure coverage in 7,14 and 30 days after ablation. The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (23.79%± 3.11% vs. 46.16%± 2.43%) in 7 d after ablation (F=110.03,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was also lower (10.94%±3.95%) in exposure coverage than in normal zone (46.16%±2.43%) in 7 d af?ter ablation (F=272.80,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (17.17%±2.89%vs. 43.47%±3.77%) in 14 d after ablation (F=152.05,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (9.27%± 2.08%vs. 44.58%± 3.34%) in 30 d after ablation (F=274.1,P<0.05 2). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index(PCNA LI) was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone ((33.04%±4.31%vs. 65.15%±3.85%) in 7 d after ablation (F=242.46, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (21.05%± 1.96%vs. 62.99%± 3.34%) in 14 d after ablation (F=413.52, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (6.36%± 0.51% vs. 62.07%± 18.07%) in 30 d after ablation, (F=729.59, P<0.05) .The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (26.10%±4.54%vs. 1.43%±0.35%) in 7 d after ablation, (F=216.22, P<0.05). The apoptotic index(AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (65.70%± 1.14% vs. 1.82%± 0.31%) in 14d after ablation (F=1448.64, P<0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (82.02%± 3.98% vs. 2.52%± 0.29%) in 30d after ablation (F=2244.33, P<0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and fo?cal intensity 2500W/cm2) can completely ablate neurogliocytoma at exposure coverage and inhibit the proliferation of neurogliocytoma at marginal zone. Thus, HIFU may be a new and selective treatment for neurogliocytoma.