At the beginning of a standard item, the standardized objects and involved contents should be demonstrated thoroughly, which is the precondition of establishing a good standard. After the proposal of this standard, a high-level drafting group should be built, led by top specialists who also draft the standard, which is essential to guarantee the quality of the standard. Before drafting the standard, literature regarding this standard should be searched completely, and Directives for Standardization should be learned to understand the basic requirements of establishing a standard; in the meanwhile, selections on standardized contents and quantitative boundaries of technical indices should be comprehensively and deeply studied. At the stage of consultation, focus should be paid on the scope of the consultation departments, level and personnel quality. As for standard review, it should be precise and truth-seeking. At the stage of submitting and authorization, it is necessary to have timely communication. Only by full cooperations of all parties, and by strictly following the procedure, method and rule of standard establishment, can a high-quality acupuncture-moxibustion standard be established.
Acupuncture ; manpower ; organization & administration ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Prion Diseases ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Prions ; metabolism

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)is a disease caused by various pathogenic factors and characterised by activated lymphoid cells and tissue cells,which release massive cytokines and results in hypercytoki-nemia and severe functional distraction of visceral organs.The disease is classified to primary/inherited HPS and sec-ondary/reactive HPS.The hypercytokinemia play a key role in the process of disease development.In this article,the hypercytokinemia in the pathogenesis of children HLH was reviewed.

Objective To analyze palm ratio of body surface area (B SA ) based on the body different surface area form ula. Methods Forty-four Chinese adult m ales w ere selected in this study. The contour of left single palm w as recorded and the palm area w as calculated by cut-paper w eighing m ethod. The body surface w as calculated by the height and w eight based on 12 form ulas of body surface area. Then, the palm ratio of BSA w as calculated. Results The average palm ratio of BSA w as (0.789±0.075)% . The data show ed statistically significant difference com pared with the traditional ratio (1% ) (P<0.05). Conclusion The ratio of B SA in Chinese adult m ale population show ed m ore accuracy com pared with the traditional ratio in this present study. The forensic evaluation can be affected by using the different ratio of B SA .

Autoimmune Diseases ; Child ; Humans

Animals ; Birds ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; physiology ; Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype ; physiology ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; physiology ; Influenza A virus ; physiology ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flavanones ; Flavonoids ; therapeutic use ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Urinary calculus is a common disease of urinary system.With the improvement of people's living standard,the incidence rate of urinary calculus increased year by year.Compared with other methods,spiral CT has a great advantage in the diagnosis of urinary calculus.The current commonly used examinations including spiral CT plain scan,low dose spiral CT scan,CT urography,and dual source dual energy CT imaging.The advantages and characteristics of different types of CT are analyzed and compared,which is helpful for clinicians to choose the most proper examination,to make the most of the advantages of various checks,so as to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment.

The effects of TRH and recombinant human IL-1? on cytosolic free calcium mobilization in rat GH, pituitary cells cultured in vitro was studied spectrofluorometrically using Fura-2 as Ga++ indicator. The results showed that TRH 10-7～10-9mol/L stimulated the cytosolic Ca++mobilization in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1 alone in the concentration ranging from 0.01 to 10 U/ml did not increase the intracellular Ca++ level. 1- and 3-minute pretreatment of the GH3 cells with IL-1? 0.1 U/ml significantly inhibited TRH-induced Ca++ mobilization, whereas such suppressive effects were significantly diminished when IL-1/3 and TRH were added at the same time. These findings suggest that Ca++ may signal a TRH effect in pituitary cells and IL-1? influences pituitary function by inhibiting Ca++ mobilization induced by TRH.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal human cancers in China. The specific molecular mechanism of its occurrence and development is unclear. Krüppel-like factor family (KLF), which includes 17 members, is a highly conserved transcrip-tion factor family with zinc finger structure. The mechanism of KLFs and the pathogenesis of HCC have been studied in recent years. Re-search revealed that KLF2, KLF4, KLF5, and other KLF family members could be involved in the progression of proliferation, differentia-tion, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. This review summarizes the function and the mechanism of transcription factors KLF in the oc-currence and development of HCC.