Chorionic Villi ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Diabetes, Gestational ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipids ; analysis ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Placenta ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Pregnancy

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) in preventing extubation failure in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).Methods A single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted from Jun 2012 to Jun 2013 in the NICU of Children's Hospital of Hebei Province.Eighty-four cases of VLBWI (birth weight 700 ～ 1 500 g,gestational age 27 ～ 32 weeks) with respiratory failure and subjected to mechanical ventilation were eligible for the study if they needed non-invasive,assisted ventilation at the time of first extubation attempt.They were randomly assigned to receive nIPPV (40 cases) or nCPAP (44 cases) according to random number table method,using the rate of successful extubation as primary outcome.Blood gas data were obtained and PaO2,PaCO2,FiO2,PaO2/FiO2 were monitored at 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after extubation as enrollment for oxygenation and duration,the rate of successful extubation and the incidence of adverse events including frequent apnea,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,intraventricular hemorrhage,periventricular leukomalacia and retinopathy of prematurity and mortality as secondary outcomes.Results There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics including the proportion of primary disease,sex,weight,gestational age,score for neonatal acute physiology and application of pulmonary surfactant between nIPPV group and nCPAP group (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in PaO2,PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio between the two groups at 0 h of enrollment (P ＞ 0.05).The values of PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio in nIPPV group were significantly higher[48 h:PaO2:(63.2 ± 3.6) mmHg vs (52.3 ±6.7) mmHg,PaO2/FiO2:(243.2 ±32.8) mmHg vs (187.6 ±34.0) mmHg;72 h:PaO2:(66.4 ±5.8) mmHg vs (51.8±5.9) mmHg,PaO2/EO2:(280.6 ± 16.8) mmHg vs (245.2 ±40.5) mrnHg;1 rnmHg =0.133 kPa],whereas PaCO2 lower[48 h:(40.3 ±4.8) mmHg vs (49.2 ±6.6) mmHg,72 h:(42.2 ±5.6) mmHg vs (57.3 ± 6.9) mmHg],than nCPAP group at 48 h and 72 h after extubation (P ＜ 0.05).The oxygenation status in nIPPV group were significantly improved at 48 h and 72 h after extubation compared with the intra-group data at 0 h (P ＜ 0.05).The total ventilation time was shorter in nIPPV group than nCPAP group[(130.9 ±46.7) h vs (180.5 ±50.1) h,P ＜0.05],but the oxygen exposure time had no significant difference[(190.6 ± 45.2) h vs (216.8 ± 54.4) h,P ＞ 0.05].The rate of successful extubation in nIPPV group was significantly higher as compared with nCPAP group[92.5％ (37/40) vs 75.0％ (33/44),P ＜ 0.05].The incidence of frequent apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in nIPPV was lower than nCPAP group[15.0％ (6/40) vs 34.1％ (15/44) ;2.5％ (1/40) vs 15.9％ (7/44),P ＜ 0.05].There were no significant differences in the incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage,perivenwicular leukomalacia,retinopathy of prematurity,late of infections,necrotizing enterocolitis,patent ductus arteriosus,patent ductus arteriosus operation and mortality before discharge between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion nIPPV after extubation in VLBWI has beneficial effects as compared with nCPAP in improving oxygenation,shortening noninvasive ventilation time,improving the rate of successful extubation,and can reduce the incidence of frequent apnea and bronchial pulmonary dysplasia in VLBWI.

Articular cartilage repair is limited. Current treatments for cartilage defect are less satisfactory, and rarely restore full function or return the tissue to its native normal state. The rise of tissue engineering holds great promise for the generation of functional cartilage tissue substitutes. The history of cartilage tissue engineering and highlights the applications and advantages of various kinds of scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering, such as native scaffolds, synthesis scaffolds, composite scaffolds and nanometer scaffolds had been introduced. But native scaffolds have weak strength and immunogenicity insufficiency, synthesis scaffolds degrade quickly, whose degrading products have cytotoxicity,which need further improvement. The application of superficial decoration overcomes the disadvantage of some scaffolds to an extend. Composite scaffolds possess the advantages of several scaffolds, it points out the direction of future scaffolds research. The development of Nanometer technique endows newly-synthesis scaffolds with nano-grade, thus it has some advantages and give a new way for the development of tissue engineering. At the end, the problems of these scaffolds, their trend of development and perspective studies were discussed.

Objective: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine that modulates Th1-type cytokine production. The purpose of present study was to detect the expression and changes of IL-10 in the rats heart transplantation, as determine the role of IL-10 in the acute rejection of rats heart transplantation. Methods: Hearts from DA rats were transplanted into the necks of Wistar recipients. Allografts was divided into five groups: group A (control, n=12), group B (DST treated, n=12), group C (IL-2 Mab treated, n=12), group D (IL-4 Mab treated, n=12), group E (IL-2 Mab treated, n=12). The local expression of IL-10 was analyzed at day 1,3,5,7,9,11,14 by reversed transcripition polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Allografts survival time was (8.3±1.7) days, (29.2±7.1) days, (26.4±5.7) days, (10.2±1.9) days and (55.0±10.6) days (P＜0.05， P＜0.01), respectively. When compared with group A, the level of IL-10 was upregulated in group B, group C and group E, especially in group E. The upregulation of IL-10 was related to the grafts survival time. Conclusion: IL-10 plays an important role in the development of acute transplantational rejection, suggests that Th-2 type deviation may contribute to the prolongation of graft survival.

Objective To construct and evaluate the effects of 4C characteristic home health care services model on the health of puerperas and fetuses.Methods A total of 162 puerperas and neonates were recruited,assigned by random nember table to routine community care condition and 4C characteristic home health care condition matched on the type and degree of health condition as well as the puerperas' culture background.The health condition of puerperas and neonates were investigated and compared between the two groups 42 days after delivery.Results The incidence of breast bilges,cracked nipple,re-visit the doctor,re-admission,anxiety and depression were significantly lower in the home health care group than routine community care group [3.7％ (3/81) vs.23.5％ (19/81),2.4％ (2/81) vs.17.3％ (14/81),2.5％ (2/81) vs.16.0％ (13/81),1.2％ (1/81) vs.16.0％ (13/81),(37.35±10.72) scores vs.(41.73±10.55) scores,(39.53±13.19) scores vs.(43.94±13.44) scores,x2=21.753,18.378,8.890,11.259,t=2.621,2.108,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01].The success breastfeeding rates,correct rate of related knowledge and master degree of newborn,self-nursing newborn skills and puerperas and relatives' satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the home health care group than routine community care group [71.6％ (58/81) vs.37.0％ (30/81),95.1％ (77/81) vs.59.3％ (48/81),91.4％ (74/81) vs.53.1％ (43/81),（92.31±3.61) scores vs.(89.83±5.43) scores,x2=21.202,29.506,29.569,t=3.423,P＜ 0.01].In additon,the rate of re-visit the doctor,re-admission and omphalitis were significantly lower in home health care group than the routine community care group [2.5％ (2/81) vs.13.6％ (11/81),6.2％ (5/81) vs.23.5％ (19/81),4.9％ (4/81) vs.22.2％ (18/81),x2=6.774,9.172,9.288,P＜0.01 or 0.05].Conclusions 4C characteristic home health care reduced the probability of breast problems and unhealthy emotions for the puerperas,reducing the severity of jaundice as well as omphalitis for fetuses,reducing the probability of re-visit the doctor and re-admission for the puerperas and neonates,which can increase patients' satisfactory and promoting the mothers and their families to master self-nursing and newborn nursing skills and the other related knowledge.

Objective To explore the application of nurse-administered psychological assessment scale for patients early after trauma in the wounded after Wenchuan earthquake.Methods The clinically commonly used self-rating scales (integrated SCL-90,SDS and SAS,and mental status scale in non-psychiatric settings),clinician-administered scale (nurse-administered psychological assessment scale for patients early after trauma)and diagnostic criteria in psychiatric settings(CCMD-3)were employed to assess the mental status of 21 patients after Wenchuan earthquake,and the recovery rates of these scales were analysed.Results All the 21 patients suffered from psychological disturbance to some extent, while none met the criteria of mental diseases.The recovery rate of the integrated SCL-90,SDS and SAS was only 9.5%, while those of the nurse-administered psychological assessment scale for patients early after trauma and mental status scale in non-psychiatric settings reached 100%.Conclusion The nurse-administered psychological assessment scale for patients early after trauma and mental status scale in non-psychiatric settings with fewer items are more suitable for the wounded early after earthquake,with a favourable confidence and efficacy.The diagnostic criteria in psychiatric settings can not be universally used in the wounded after earthquake.

Objective To investigate the calculation method and its inlfuencing factors of Z scores in the aortic root diameters measured by echocardiography in children. Methods A total of 105 children with median age 19 months, who came to Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from March 2012 to October 2012 were included. The diameters of aortic ring (ARD) and aortic sinus (ASD) were measured by two dimension echocardiography, Z scores of ARD and ASD were calculated using two different normal reference values regression equation and mean square error derived from Shenzhen children′s hospital (C method) and Pettersen et al (P method). The regression equation from C method and body surface area (BSA) formula from P method were adopted to calculate Z scores of ARD and ASD (ZH method). The Z results of ARD and ASD calculated by those three methods were compared and were analyzed for their normality probability distributions. Results Z scores of ARD and ASD derived from C method were all showed as normal distribution (P=0.067 and 0.650). Z scores of ARD and ASD derived from P method were all showed as normal distribution (P=0.208 and 0.970). Z score of ARD derived from ZH method was showed as non-normal distribution (P=0.027), but Z score of ASD was normal distribution (P=0.430). There were no significant differences in ARD-Z calculated by C method (0.41±0.89), P method (0.23±0.85) and ZH method (0.36±0.94) (F=1.117, P=0.309). There were signiifcant differences in the Z scores of ASD calculated by C method (0.38±0.89), P method (0.58±0.71) and ZH method (0.36±0.84) (F=5.443, P=0.005). Z scores of ARD (r=0.917, P=0.000) and ASD (r=0.900, P=0.000) calculated by C method correlated well with that by P method. Conclusions Calculation method of BSA and normal reference values regression equation were the main influencing factors of Z score value in quantifying children aortic root diameters by echocardiography. For the clinical applications. The normal reference value should be used which is suitable for the Chinese children.

The quarantine inspection and acceptance of laboratory animals is an important work, which can protect animals from pollution, occurrence and spread of diseases in the surounding area, and it is the key point to realize the quality standardization of laboratory animals.Beagle dogs are acknowledged widely as specialized laboratory dogs which is widely employed in experiments of drug safety evaluation because of the good genetic stability, environmental adaptability, disease resistance and consistency testing in the experiments.Establishment of standard operating procedures of beagle dog quarantine acceptance check for drug GLP organization tests, refining technical points, strengthen the technical training of quarantine officers, and efforts to improve the level of quarantine are needed to finally ensure the quality of laboratory animals.

MS96A type spectrum analyzer was applied to determine the spectral characteristic of near infrared radiated by moxa stick moxi-bustion, ginger-partitioned moxibustion, garlic-partitioned moxibustion and Aconium Carmichaeli-par titioned moxibustion. The spectrum of moxa stick moxibustion was relatively discrete and several wave crests are appeared. But in the spectrum of ginger-partitioned moxibustion, garlic-partitioned moxibustion or Aconium Carmichaeli-partitioned moxibustion, a specific and relatively steady wave crest formed respectively. It was concluded different indirect moxibustion could bring respective spectrum of near infrared and have the relevant physiologic and biochemical effects.

Objective To describe the CT and MR imaging features of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT).Methods The CT(n=12)and MRI(n=2)findings of pathologically proved hepatic IMT in 12 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the tumors of the 12 patients were solitary and located in right hepatic lobe.Six tumors were solid and 4 tumors were solid-cystic.The other 2 tumors were periportal soft-tissue infiltration.The tumors appeared as solid or solid-cystic hypodense mass on CT images.The lesions were dark in T1-weighted sequences and slightly bright on T2-weighted sequences.There was homogeneous or inhomogeneous moderate to significant enhancement in solid portion of the tumors.Honeycomb-like enhancement was demontrated both in the peripheral part and at the intratumoral septa of the solid-cystic mass.Conclusion CT and MRI can provide helpful information for the clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic IMT.