Objective To assess the risk of secondary transmission induced by imported malaria in Jiangxi Province，so as to provide the evidence for adjustment of malaria surveillance strategies in the key groups and areas. Methods The Delphi method was used to establish the secondary transmission risk indicator system and the weight of each index was obtained. The data of malaria prevalence，vector distribution and intervention capacity were collected in 100 counties of Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2015. The transmission potential index（TPI），intervention capacity index（ICI），and malaria risk index（MRI）were calculated for each county. The risk map was drawn with GIS software. Results The top ten counties with highly potential risk indicators were Linchuan District（2.131），Xinzhou District（1.609），Jiujiang County（1.404），Zhanggong District（1.365）， Fengcheng City（1.225），Qingshanhu District（1.184），Yudu County（1.171），Dingnan County（1.018），Xunyang District（1.015）and Zhushan District（1.006）. The high risk areas were mainly distributed in the regions of the capitals of their prefectures and in counties with more floating population. Conclusions There are the risk of the secondary transmission induced by imported malaria in Jiangxi Province. The high risk of the secondary transmission is shown in the areas with more floating population and weaker intervention capacity.

This paper is aim to investigate the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of neoline in Beagle dogs, and provide a theoretical basis for further study. Ethyl acetate was used for liquid-liquid extracting after 10% ammonia alkalizing. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established for the determination of neoline plasma concentrations. Beagle dogs were orally or intravenously administered with neoline for pharmacokinetic and absolute bioavailability study. Good linear relationship of neoline was found over the range of 0.1-4 mg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9982) and 2-100 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9945). Intra-and inter-day precision, expressed as the relativestandard (RSD) were less than 5.0%. Accuracy, expressed as the relative error (RE) was within 90.0%-115%. The recovery of neoline in dog plasma was more than 80%. After 6 mg x kg(-1) for ig and 1 mg x kg(-1) for iv administration of neoline, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed with Winnonlin software. t(1/2) were (313.88 +/- 63.18), (236.33 +/- 229.84) min, and AUC(0-infinity) were (58,027.40 +/- 14,132.69), (473,578.02 +/- 82,333.08) min x microg x L(-1) for ig and iv administration respectively. The absolute bioavail ability was (73.15 +/- 10.29) %. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS described in the report was sensitive, reliable and specific, and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of neoline in Beagle dog. The high absolute bioavailability of neoline in dog suggested good absorption of neline which was worth of further investigation.
Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Dogs ; Drug Stability ; Female ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy in treating thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.

METHODSFrom February 2009 to September 2012,11 patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis were treated by single posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy. There were 7 males and 4 females, aged from 27 to 65 years old with an average of 53.7 years. The courses of disease was from 3 months to 2 years with the mean of 9 months. According to ASIA standard of spinal cord injury, 3 cases were grade C and 8 cases D. After treatment, clinical effects were evaluated by ASIA grade, visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); kyphosis Cobb angle change was observed by X-rays.

RESULTSEleven patients were followed up from 12 to 29 months with an average of 18 months. ASIA grade of spinal cord injury, 3 patients with grade C improved to grade D in 2 cases and grade E in 1 case 8 patients with grade D improved to grade E in 7 cases and unchanged in 1 case. VAS decreased from preoperative 6.10 ± 1.30 to 1.70 ± 0.80 at 3 d after operation (P < 0.05). ODI improved from preoperative (68.36 ± 10.41)% to (14.55 ± 8.99)% (P < 0.05) at 3 d after operation. Kyphotic Cobb angle was corrected from preoperative (22.64 ± 4.84)° to (4.27 ± 1.49)° (P < 0.05) on the 3rd day after operation, and angle loss was mild at final follow-up, there was no significant difference between postoperative at 3 d and final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSingle posterior debridement, bone grafting, internal fixation and local chemotherapy for the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis can effectively remove the lesion, improve nerve function and correct deformity, has advantage of single incision, little trauma, and low recurrence rate. But it still need long-term and systemic treatment with anti-TB drugs.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; Debridement ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; therapy

Acute Disease ; Anemia, Refractory ; etiology ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Leukemia ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

It's difficult to diagnose precancerous lesion and early cancer for a long time, because both of them haven't typical morphological characteristics. As a novel diagnostic modality, fluorescence endoscopy can accurately reflect minimal changes in human's tissue, thus making a meaningful progress for cancer diagnosing. 200 patients were examined by fluorescence endoscopy to evaluate the diagnostic value. The overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for detecting malignant gastrointestinal tumor was 94.0%, 94.6% and 93.5%, respectively. Thus, fluorescence endoscopy can be used to diagnose malignant gastrointestinal tumors with high validity and reliability, and is advantageous over conventional white light endoscopy especially in detecting the atypical and suspicious lesions. Furthermore, fluorescence endoscopy can also guide target biopsy, is significant to improve the early cancer detection rate, has a broad development prospect.
Endoscopy ; instrumentation ; Fluorescence ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE To understand the disinfection,use and management of ventilator for the sake of regulation.METHODS By interviewing and on-site survey,we understanded the method and the process of disinfection and found out the using cycle of the ventilator system and the conditions of its management.RESULTS Among 44 ventilators 7 models were found:the management of 18 ventilators was irregular;the other 26 ventilators were disinfected by 2 kind and 4 types disinfect methods.their using cycles were unsure,their processes of disinfection were irregular.The responsibilities for the disinfection were unclear,lacking of monitoring the effect of disinfection and their management was irregular.CONCLUSIONS The disinfection of ventilator using and management must be regulated.

Objective To investigate the effects of early rehabilitative training program on patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients with AMI were randomly divided into early rehabilitation group(n=62)and control group(n=60).In addition to routine treatment,patients in rehabilitation group received early rehabilitative training mainly by walking exercise for two weeks.Results There were no significant differences in ventricular arrhythmia(Lown≥Ⅲ), extension of infarction and heart rate variability(HRV)between the two groups(P＞0.05).Forty of 62 patients(64.5%)in rehabilitation group had their left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)more than or equal to 50% in the 3~(rd)～4~(th)week after admission,significantly higher than that in control group(45.0%, 27/60 ;P＜0.01 ).By the end of the 4~(th)week after admission,25.8% of the patients in rehabilitation group showed positive in treadmill test,significantly lower than that in control group(38.3%,P＜0.01). Occurrence of angina pectoris and reinfarction and fatality in rehabilitation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05)during their hospitalization and follow-up period.Patients in rehabilitation group stayed at hospital for(16?3)days in average,significantly less than that in control group[(27?4) days],with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Early rehabilitative training for patients with uncomplicated AMI is not only safe and feasible,but also useful in improvement for their prognosis and quality of life.

Oxidative stress could induce apoptosis and autophagy process simultaneously, but the role of autophagy is still not clear. Beclin 1, a key gene regulating the preautophagosome formation, is involved in the injury induced by oxidative stress. To observe the role of autophagy in H2O2-induced injury of U251 cells, the recombinant plasmid Psilencer3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 was transfected into U251 cells by eukaryotic cell transfection technique. Plasmid vector and cell culture medium were used as negative and control groups respectively. The cells were collected 24 h later, and the cell total protein was extracted to detect Beclin 1, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions by Western blot. After the Beclin 1-siRNA cells were treated with 1 mmol/L H2O2, the autophagic vacuoles in the cells were stained with monodansylcadaverine (MDC), and the cell apoptotic ratio was determined with PI/Annexin V-FITC staining by flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that the synthetic siRNA decreased the expression of Beclin 1 protein significantly, but had no obvious effect on the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions. Compared with those in the control group, the autophagic vacuoles, the level of LC3-II protein expression and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased (P < 0.05) in 1 mmol/L H2O2 group. In Beclin 1-siRNA + H2O2 group, autophagic vacuoles and the levels of LC3-II protein expression decreased obviously, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased significantly compared with that in 1 mmol/L H2O2 group (P < 0.05). H2O2 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) combination also increased the percentage of apoptotic cells obviously (P < 0.05). These results revealed that the transfection of Psilencer3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 effectively inhibited the expression of Beclin 1 protein expression, degraded the autophagy level and increased the apoptotic rate in U251 cells under oxidative stress, which was coincident with the effect of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. This study suggests that autophagy is a cell protective role in oxidative stress process, and the inhibition of autophagy may enhance apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; physiology ; Beclin-1 ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To determine the accuracy of prevalence data sets on tobacco use so as to measure the risk of tobacco use and the impact of tobacco control in China.Methods Three published data sets on nation-wide survey were reviewed,and compared.Two principles were applied to determine the accuracy of the data on prevalence: ) The estimated consumption of cigarettes based on the currentprevalence rate on smokers should have been close to the actual cigarette consumption level; ii) change on the annual prevalence of male current smokers should be around 1% in China,since the international experience on the prevalence of current smokers tended to decrease at a rate of around 1% per year in the presence of comprehensive tobacco control strategies.Results The differences between the estimated cigarette consumption and the actual cigarette consumption for the three surveys were 51.07 billion through Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS 2002),62.94 billion through the Chinese Citizen Nutrition & Health Survey (CCNHS 2002),and 217.11 billion through the China Health Service Survey (CHSS 2003).In comparison with the national tobacco use survey in 1996,the prevalence of male current smokers apparently dropped by 0.9% in BRFSS 2002,2.2% in CCNHS 2002 and 2.0% per year in CHSS 2003.Thus,the prevalence of current smokers in BRFSS (2002) was more reliable,comparing to the results from the other two surveys.Conclusion The prevalence of current smokers as determined by the BRFSS should be used to reflect the epidemic of tobacco use when implementing the FCTC in China.However,the reporting prevalence rates of tobacco use were different in the different surveys regarding tobacco use,suggesting that the capacity of surveillance on tobacco control should be strengthened,including the standardization of definitions on 'ever-smoker' and 'current smoker',as well as on standardized questionnaire,sampling strategy and the process of data analysis,quality of field work etc.Precise estimation of prevalence appears to be the key point for understanding how many current smokers so as to develop control policy,including setting up 'quit' clinics and evaluating the impact of tobacco control programs.There is an urgent need to establish a national standardized surveillance system to monitor the tobacco epidemics.

Objective To study the influence of arsenic exposure on menstruation.Methods A cluster sampling method was applied to select the subjects of women aged 10 to 65 from Linhe,Hangjinhouqi and Wuyuan counties in Inner Mongolia in 2004.Drinking water samples were collected to detect arsenic levels,and menstrual related situation was surveyed.The subjects were divided into four groups according to drinking water arsenic concentration:control(≤0.01 mg/L),low(＞ 0.01-0.10 mg/L),moderate(＞ 0.10-0.20 mg/L) and high(＞ 0.20mag/L).Results A total of 602 women were surveyed.There were 83 subjects exposed to arsenic before menarche and their menarche age was (14.37 ± 1.54) years old.There were 90 people exposed to arsenic before menopause and the menopause age was (48.13-0.41) years old.The age of menarche and menopause were positively related to the years of arsenic exposure,and correlation coefficients were 0.268 and 0.278 (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to control group(14.0％,16/112),menstrual abnormality rate decreased in low(12.1％,21/173) and high dose groups(10.2％,19/186),while increased in the moderate dose group(18.2％,16/88),but the differences were not statistically significant(x2 =3.664,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Long-term arsenic exposure delays the menarche and menopause age,suggesting that arsenic has certain endocrine disruption or estrogen-like effects.