In this paper, 172 non-public hospitals have been investigated covering east, central and western regions with structured and semi-structured questionnaire and group interviews. We found that the health insurance policies were the most concerned policies by non-public hospitals, accounting for 26.5% of the total. We also found that non-public hospitals from different areas, levels profit nature have different policy expectations, for example Eastern regional institutions wanted to make a breakthrough of the planning policies, the central region wanted to change the health personnel policy, while the western region is considered to be limited by land policy. Tertiary hospitals were more concerned about research projects and land policy, and secondary hospitals were more concerned about access policy. There were 44.8% of the surveyed institutions considered that regulatory policywasmore stringent public hospitals and public hospitals, and there were no difference between profit and non-profit hospitals. According to the survey results, this paper puts forward suggestion that we should implement more targeted policies, purchasing more services from non-public hospitals and enhanced supervision. Considering the survey results research team puts forward sensitive advice as: provide preferential policies in according with different kinds of institutions reinforce purchasing service and enhance non-public hospitals supervision.

Encouraging and providing guidance to social forces to invest in health care industry is one of the key elements determined to deepen the health care reform.From four aspects of the unclear conception and undefinable functions of non-public hospitals, ambiguity of property rights of non-profit non-public hospitals, gradual reduction of traditional management measures, and deficiency of effective supervision on daily operations, this paper summarizes the major policy issues in non-public hospitals.To solve these problems, this paper conducts a systemic analysis of the historical experiences of the United States, Germany, Japan, and Taiwan.On this basis, this paper suggests that the government should clearly determine the connotation and extension of non-public hospitals, improve non-profit non-public hospital policy system, play a guiding role in planning and health insurance guidance, and strengthen the supervision of business operations.

Objective:To analyze the correlated factors on the non-public hospitals efficiency performance and compare different types of them in order to provide reference for improving efficiency.Methods:Based on the result of 160 non-public hospitals total efficiency,questionnaire surveys were taken for collecting the information of region,quality,form of ownership,whether invested by the government,whether under the medical insurance,the total amount of employers,bed and service amount as the independent variables,while the total efficiency as the dependent variable to conduct the Tobit multi regression analysis.Results:Access policy,investment policy,nature of ownership,the number of beds,the proportion of physicians,the per capita services,assets and equipment had significant impact.Conclusion:The development of non-public hospital was related to the policy environment,operation mode and internal management.

Objective:To evaluate the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of non-public hospitals in China to provide references for improving efficiency of non-public hospitals with the comparison with the differences among different non-public hospitals with different types.Methods:Input and output data of 160 non-public hospitals in 2014 were collected;C2R and BC2 models were adopted to evaluate the annual total efficiency,technique efficiency and scale efficiency.Results:There were 16 total efficient hospitals(10.00％),41 technical efficiency hospitals(25.63％) and 20 scale efficiency(12.50％),43 at IRS stage,99 at DRS stage.Conclusion:The overall efficiency of non-public hospitals was low relatively and most of them were lower than public hospitals at same level.Scale was an important factor affecting the efficiency of non-public hospitals.

Adult ; Endometriosis ; complications ; metabolism ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; etiology ; metabolism ; Leptin ; metabolism

Clinopodii Herba is a type of traditional folk medicine. Modern research showed that Clinopodii Herba contains triterpenes and its saponins, flavones, volatile oil, phenylpropanoids and other chemical components. It has many pharmacological activities such as hemostasis, antibiosis, hypoglycemic activity, anti-oxidation, and anti-in-flammation. The main clinical application of Clinopodii Herba is for the treatment of various types of bleeding. After searching literatures on Clinopodii Herba for the recent 20 years, this article reviewed the chemical components, pharmacological activities, clinical application and research condition of Clinopodii Herba in order to provide further references for this medicine.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and treatment of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in a duplex kidney. Methods From 1993 to 2010, 752 patients were diagnosed as PUJO in our hospital and 18 patients (2.4%) with PUJO in duplex kidneys. Three patients had obstruction in the complete duplicated systems and 15 in the incomplete duplicated systems. Five patients had obstruction of the upper moiety and 13 of the lower moiety. All of the 18 patients underwent B-ultrasonography, with 15 enhanced CT scan, 11 intravenous urography and 10 retrograde pyelography.All patients had serum creatinine test after admission and during the follow-up. Results Sixteen patients underwent operations and 2 patients were treated conservatively. Nine patients underwent pyeloplasty and 7 patients underwent heminephroureterectomy. Pathology shows derangement of the lamina muscularis at pelvi-ureteric junction and infiltration of inflammatory cells in mesenchymal. They were followed up from 6 months to 3 years with a mean of 24 months. The clinical symptoms of patients who underwent surgery were cured in all cases. B-ultrasound and IVU showed that hydronephrosis was obviously relieved and the levels of serum creatinine remained the same or decreased. The hydronephrosis and serum creatinine of patients who underwent conservative treatment remained stabilized. Conclusions PUJO in duplicated system is a rare condition. Careful preoperative evaluation is needed to reach the final diagnosis and retrograde pyelography has high specificity. Treatment should be individualized according to split and partial renal function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the injury stress responses caused by ischemia reperfusion and its effects on the salivary secretory function of rat submandibular glands.

METHODSAn in situ ischemia reperfusion experimental model of rat submandibular glands was developed. The rat submandibular glands were subjected to 90 min of ischemia without denervation followed by reperfusion for 1, 12, 24, and 72 h. Salivary secretion, histological changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cellular apoptosis of the involved submandibular glands were detected after reperfusion.

RESULTSThe secretory function of the glands decreased at 1 and 12 h, and the saliva secretion gradually had the same value as that of the control sample 72 h after reperfusion. Increasing inflammatory cells infiltration, cellular atrophy, and tissue edema were observed especially after reperfusion for 12 h. The level of ROS and the number of apoptotic cells exhibited the same tendency, and higher ROS levels and more apoptosis cells 1 and 12 h after reperfusion were observed.

CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that ischemia reperfusion can cause a series of injury stress responses in submandibular glands, which might have an important function in the early phase dysfunction of transplanted submandibular glands.

The roots of Corydalis decumbens are used in Chinese folk herbal medicine for treatment of a variety of diseases. In this article, developments of chemical composition, pharmacology, clinical application and recent stud-ies on pharmacokinetics of C. decumbens were reviewed and summarized for its further development and utilization.

This study was aimed to optimize extraction technology of Asperosaponin VI from Dipsaci Radix by re-sponse surface methodology (RSM). A single-factor test and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were employed to optimize three extraction variables, including extraction time (A), ethanol concentration (B), and the ratio of ethanol to materi-al (C). The transfer rate of Asperosaponin VI was used as the evaluation index. The results showed that the optimized conditions were A of 33.13 min, B of 51.58 %, C of 23.39 mL·g-1. Under these conditions, the transfer rate was 88.39 ± 0.212% (n = 3), which was well matched with the predicted transfer rate. It was concluded that RSM can be used for extraction optimization of ultrasonic extraction process for Asperosaponin VI. This method had certain prac-tical values.