Hair follicle (HF), one of the skin appendages, has received a lot of attention to be a new target and pathway for drug delivery. The development of hair follicle targeted drug delivery system (HFTDDS) through percutaneous permeation is particularly important for skin diseases derived from HF such as acne, hair loss, and folliculitis for their on-site action. This review describes the structure and physiological function of HF, the microenvironment of HF, and factors affecting HF permeation. Multiple nanoformulations used to improve the HF permeation and technologies to characterize the HF permeation were introduced. The latest advance of HFTDDS based on nanoformulations were systematically summarized and analyzed in the treatment of acne and hair loss. Finally, the challenges of formulating HFTDDS were discussed. The review is expected to provide some ideas and references for developing delivery systems for treating skin diseases derived from HF.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

measured by OCT 1 and 3mo after surgery. Chi-square test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative BCVA. Pearsion’s correlation was used to evaluate relationship between postoperative BCVA and central foveal thickness.RESULTS:The ratio of BCVA<0. 05 was 30%,14%, 11%and 7% respectively for per-operation, 1wk, 1 and 3mo post - operation. After surgery, the central foveal thickness was significantly increased in group with BCVA<0. 3 comparing to group with BCVA≥0. 3. Three month post-operation, central foveal thickness was significantly decreased in both groups comparing to that in 1mo post-operation (P<0. 01). There has significant correlation between 3mo postoperative BCVA and central foveal thickness (r=-0.716, P<0.05).CONCLUSlON: ln this study, BCVA is improved after 3mo follow up. There has significant correlation between postoperative BCVA and central foveal thickness.

The mechanism of biological actions of quercetin was studied by using metabolomic method and biomolecular network. HPLC-MS was used to analyze the serum metabolome in rats of blank group and quercetin administration group rats, and MS data were processed by MATLAB software. With multivariate statistical analysis of serum metabolite profiles, a clear separation among blank group and quercetin administration group was achieved, potential biomarkers were selected according to the parameters of variable importance in the projection (VIP) and identified according to MS information and database retrieval. Four compounds, related enzymes, action targets and metabolic pathways had been confirmed, namely retinoic acid and RARbeta, arachidonate and COX-2, 3, 5-diodotyrosine and TPO, uridine diphosphate glucose and PDEs. The mechanism of quercetin enhancing ability of retinoic acid on the induction of RARbeta, activating TPO, using as COX-2 and PDEs inhibitor was approved by biomolecular network and related literatures. In this study, a mechanism of multiple biological actions of quercetin was evaluated at the level of the biomolecular network, metabolomics and biomolecular network can be used to investigate the biological effects mechanism of quercetin, which provided a new method to further revealing mechanism of drug action.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Multivariate Analysis ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of -1C/T single nucleotide polymorphism within Annexin A5 gene in the genetic susceptibility to coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP).

METHODSFour hundred and seventy CWP Han chinese patients and 428 Han chinese controls were enclosed in present case-control study. All subjects were exposed to coal dusts. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the -1C/T SNP in Annexin A5 gene for all subjects. The relationship between the -1C/T SNP in Annexin A5 gene and CWP was analyzed.

RESULTSCT/TT genotype in -1C/T SNP was associated with a significantly decreased risk of CWP, as compared with the CC genotype among subgroups exposed to coal dusts for ≥ 27 years (adjusted OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44 - 0.98, P = 0.039) and patients with CWP at stage II (adjusted OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.34 - 0.90, P = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONThe results of present study suggest that the Annexin A5 -1C/T polymorphism may be involved in the development of CWP in Han Chinese coal miners.

Aged ; Annexin A5 ; genetics ; Anthracosis ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

No data were available on the acute oral toxicity, short-term oral toxicity of vegetable carbon in animals. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of two commercially available dietary bamboo charcoal powders (BCP1 and BCP2). The size distribution of the two powders was determined by a Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer prior to the in vivo safety studies. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 11.24 g/kg body weight of BCP1 and BCP2 was given once orally to healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Mortality and clinical symptoms were observed and recorded for the first 30 min after treatment, at 4 h post-administration, and then at least once daily for 14 days after administration. In the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study, BCP1 and BCP2 were administered orally at doses of 2.81, 5.62, and 11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days to SD rats. Animals were sacrificed and organs and blood samples were analyzed. Results showed that both BCP1 and BCP2 were micro-sized and various in size. In the acute toxicity and the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity studies, BCP caused neither mortality nor visible signs of toxicity in rats. No significant differences were found in the relative organ weights or in biochemical parameters in BCP treated groups compared to a control group. No treatment-related histological changes were observed in the organs of these animals. Based on these data, it is concluded that the median lethal dose (LD50) of BCP for both male and female rats is more than 11.24 g/kg body weight and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is >11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days.
Animals ; Bambusa ; chemistry ; Diet ; Female ; Male ; Powders ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

OBJECTIVETo observe the cellular expression of (R127W) HSPB1 and its influence on neurofilament light chain (NFL) self-assembly and co-localization with NFL.

METHODSEukaryotic expression vectors pEGFPN1-(wt) HSPB1 and pEGFPN1- (R127W) HSPB1 were constructed. Hela cells were transiently transfected with pEGFPN1-(wt) HSPB1 or pEGFPN1- (R127W) HSPB1 and observed under a confocal microscope. Hela cells were also transiently co-transfected with Pcl-NFL and pEGFPN1-(wt)HSPB1, or pCL-NFL and pEGFPN1-(R127W)HSPB1. The self-assembly of NFL was observed and the co-localization study of HSPB1/ (R127W)HSPB1 with NFL was carried out in these two cell models by immunofluorescence technique.

RESULTSThe aggregates formed by EGFP-(R127W)HSPB1 predominantly located around the nucleus, and EGFP-(wt)HSPB1 showed diffusion pattern in Hela cells. When co expressed with EGFP-(wt)HSPB1, NFL formed homogeneous structure in cytosol. When co-expressed with EGFP-(R127W)HSPB1, however, NFL had amorphous staining pattern predominantly consisting of NFL aggregates, and NFL co-localized with (R127W)HSPB1 in these aggregates.

CONCLUSIONThe R127W mutant of HSPB1 may have reduced capacity to serve as a chaperone to prevent aggregate formation, and fail to correctly organize the neurofilament network. Dysfunction of the axon cytoskeleton and axon transport may be the primary mechanism of R127W mutation of HSPB1 in the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Base Sequence ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Space ; metabolism ; Mutant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neurofilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; genetics ; Protein Transport ; Transfection

【Objective】To detect the ability and the efficiency of recombinant PTD-HSP27 transport across RGC-5 cells and measure the role of recombinant PTD- HSP27 against oxidative stress damage induced by cobalt chloride on RGC- 5 cells，and explored its potential mechanism tentatively. 【Methods】 RGC- 5 cells were incubated with PTD- HSP27 labeled with FITC，followed by the observation of fluorescence using fluorescence microscope. We also lysed the cells by radio immunoprecipitation assay and measure the transport efficiency of PTD- HSP27- FITC through ultraviolet spectrophotometer subsequently. We established the RGC- 5 cell damage model. Cellular experiments were divided into three groups：normal control group，cobalt chloride damage group，PTD-HSP27 + cobalt chloride treatment group. Those three groups of cells were experimented using Annexin V- FITC/PI staining kit：to detect apoptotic cell ratio；Western Blotting：to detect the expression level of apoptosis related protein，including Bcl-2，Bax and Caspase-3.【Results】The fluorescence of PTD- HSP27- FITC was visualized inside the RGC- 5 cells using the fluorescence microscope，while the transport efficiency of PTD-HSP27-FITC was（47.29 ± 2.33）%. Cobalt chloride inhibited the survival vitality of RGC- 5 cells in a concentration- dependent manner. The comparison among normal control group，cobalt chloride damage group and PTD-HSP27+CoCl2 treatment group showed：PTD-HSP27 could effectively suppressed early apoptosis induced by cobalt chloride（P<0.01）. Western Blotting results showed that PTD-HSP27 could effectively enhance the expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax，and suppressed the activation of Caspase- 3（P<0.01）.【Conclusions】Recombinant protein PTD- HSP27 could protect RGC- 5 cells against oxidative stress injury induced by cobalt chloride. Iit mainly regulated the expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax，suppressed early apoptosis and improved cell viability in RGC-5 cells.

Aim To study the effect of normal glucose tolerance fecal microbiota transplantation ( FMT) on the gut microbiota in mice with insulin resistance(IR) and its correlation with FGF21 , and to explore the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota affecting IR.Methods After the establishment of IR model with high-fat diet feeding, 30 successful IR model mice were randomly divided into three groups; insulin resistance ( IR ) group, IR + metformin( Met) group, and IR + glucose tolerance normal fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)group, and blank control(Control) group, with 10 mice in each group.After eight weeks of administration, the body mass and fasting blood glucose of mice at 8th week were recorded, then the number of target bacteria in fecal samples and the mRNA expression levels of FGF21 and its receptors in liver, colon and ileum tissues were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR( RT-qPCR).Results ® Compared with control group, the body mass and fasting blood glucose increased in IR group mice, while the mRNA expression levels of FGF21/p-Klolho/FGFRl/FGFR4 in liver, colon and ileum tissues were down-regulated.The levels of Bacteroules and R.sarlorii were reduced in fecal samples, and the levels of P.distasonis, M.schaedleri and R.gnavus increased.These indices were reverted by Met and FMT treatment.(2) The expression of FGF21 was negatively correlated with FBG, P.distasonis , M.schaedleri and R.gnavus, and positively correlated with Bacteroides and B.sartorii.Conclusions FMT can increase the expression level of FGF21 and regulate gut microbiota, and the two are closely related , which may be one of the important mechanisms of FMT in improving insulin resistance.

Objective:To establish the grade evaluation method for Codonopsis Radix slices based relative quality constants， in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for grading of Codonopsis Radix slices. Method:Through literature and market research，the main production areas of Codonopsis Radix slices were determined，and 67 batches of Ludangshen slices（52 batches） and Baitiaodang slices （15 batches） were collected. The appearance traits （average quality and average thickness of Codonopsis Radix slices） were observed and measured. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015 edition）， the extract and the content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide was determined by phenol-sulphoacid method. Then the relative quality constant was calculated，and the results of grade evaluation were evaluated through systematic cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Result:Relative quality constants of 67 batches of Codonopsis Radix slices were between 0.32-2.97. If these samples were divided into three grades：the first-grade relative quality constants were greater than or equal to 2.08，the second grade was greater than or equal to 0.89 but less than 2.08，while the third grade was less than 0.89. The results of systematic cluster analysis showed that 67 batches of Codonopsis Radix slices were clustered into 3 categories，and the results were basically consistent with the classification. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the content of the extracts and the polysaccharide content （P<0.05）. Conclusion:This method links the extrinsic characteristics to the intrinsic quality，and objectively grade Codonopsis Radix slices， so as to provide a basis for its grade standards.