Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the most common disorder in clinic. In recent years due to diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and trauma induced disease increased, the prevalence rate increased. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging and CT imaging technology, it greatly improved the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of chronic osteomyclitis and ability to describe the infection characteristics, and provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment. The current research on chronic osteomyelitis mainly concentrated on the aspects of imaging applications and ways of using antibiotic optimization control inflammation, defect restoration and reconstruction of blood supply and treatment. But the best time to the antibiotic therapy and the use of program is still uncertain, for after debridement, bone grafting time and defect repair function of fast recovery still need further research.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of serum Bushen Huoxue prescription(Chinese characters) on classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of osteoblasts, and explore mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription (Chinese characters) for preventing osteoporosis.

METHODSTwenty health female rats were randomly divided into two groups, including Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and saline group,10 in each group. Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group and Saline group were gavaged Bushen Huoxue and saline every day for 1 week. Bushenhuoxue containing serum and saline containing serum were got according to methods of serum preparation of drug-containing. The osteoblasts was cultured with neonatal rat skull according to Enzyme Consumer Law, and was identified by Wright-Giemsa staining (R-J) and alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP). The third generation of osteoblasts was divided into three groups, including saline group, normal group,Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group. Each group were added to 15% appropriate medium. ALP activity of osteoblasts and osteoblasts proliferation rate were tested, mineralized nodules were observed, the expression of β-catenin, Runx2, Osx mRNA of osteoblasts were tested by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThere was blue granules in cytoplasm, cell nucleus was flint with 1 to 3 nucleoli showed by R-J staining, morphology of osteoblasts were cultured. ALP staining showed cytoplasm with purple granules, the results showed that the cultured cell was osteoblasts. The content of ALP in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group was (6.272±0.131) ,appreciation rate was (0.81? 0.172), and could significantly improve differentiation and proliferation activity of osteoblasts compared with Saline group (P< 0.01). There were four different size orange nodules, the Maximun nodule was 1.0 x 1.0 cm in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters) group after Alizarin red staining, the results showed Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously improve mineralization of osteoblasts. The expression of mRNA of β-catenin, Runx2 and Osx in Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group were (1.782±0.944), (1.935±0.994) and (1.610±0.811) by RT-PCR,it was significantly increased compared with saline group (P<0.01), but there was no difference between Bushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group and normal group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBushen Huoxue (Chinese characters)group could obviously promote differentiation, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts through activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway. It suggested that the mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue (O'f f Il.t)particle clould prevent osteoporosis through the activation of Wnt, β-catenin signaling pathway.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

Background Ultraviolet radiation is one of factors of the formation of age-related cataract.Indole-3-carbinol(I3C) is a plant chemical material with inhibitory effect on oxidative-induced cell damage and formation of amyloid fibrils,and the oxidative damage and amyloid fibrils are associated with cataract.However,the relationship between I3C and α-crystallin is in study. Objective This study was to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet-B laser irradiation on the secondary structure of α-crystallin and to explore the protection of I3C to chaperone activity of α-crystallin. Methods The fresh eyeballs were obtained from 1-year-old cattle to prepare the purified lens α-crystallin by gel chromatography.α-Crystallin was isolated from cattle lenses using gel chromatography.The purified α-crystallin was collected using fast protein liquid chromatography ( FPLC ) and exposed to 1:308 nmultraviolet-B at different irradiation intensities ( 23.75,118.75,475.00,1187.50,2375.00,4750.00,11 875.00,23 750.00 mJ/cm2 ) and then to ultraviolet-B 2:308 nm with irradiation intensities of 28 535.00,6730.00,3435.00,1910.00,1040.00 mJ/cm2.Ultraviolet-absorbance spectra,tryptophan fluorescence and N-formylkynurenine (N-FK)fluorescence spectra of both irradiated and non-irradiated α-crystallin were measured.I3C at the concentrations of 50 μmol/L and 100 μmoL/L were added to the α-crystallin solution to perform a catalase (CAT) thermal aggregation to confirm the chaperone activity of the α-crystallin,and the α-crystallin solution without any I3C was used as control.The ratios of A360 between various intervene groups with control group were calculated using spectrophotometry.Results The A280 values of the α-crystallin declined to 10％ at the ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity of 1187.5 mJ/cm2 and that at the intensity of 23.75 J/cm2 lowed to 2％.A negative correlation was seen between the ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity and the A280 value of the α-crystallin (R2=0.925 ) and a positive correlation was found between ultraviolet-B with N-FK ( R2 =0.949 ).Ultraviolet-B irradiation intensity showed a negative correlation with Trp fluorescence intensity (R2 =0.996 ).CAT hot condensed experiment revealed that after addition of different concentrations of indole-3-carbinol,the relative A360 values at various ultraviolet-B irradiation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P =0.000),and the decreasing degree of chaperone activity of α-crystallin was lower than that of the control group ( P =0.000 ). Conclusions The study suggests that I3C can protect the chaperone activity of α-crystallin from photooxidation,and the ultraviolet-B laser may be a good exposure source compared with ultraviolet lamp.The ultraviolet-B laser irradiation causes the alteration of structure and chaperone activity of α-crystallin.

The technique of double-layered plate was developed for screening the library of mutant endoglucanase III from Trichoderma reesei generated by the method of directed evolution.The enzyme activity was determined according to the velocity of the formation of halos on the plates.Several mutants with higher activity than the wild type at low temperature or alkaline pH were obtained by using this strategy under different screening conditions.Further results of spectrophotometric determination of the activities of these mutants were consistent with the results of plate screening.The establishment of such strategy will broaden the applications of the directed evolution methods for improving the existing proteins to obtain useful enzymes with new properties for industrial applications.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex chronic progressive disease attacked by biological and mechanical factors and a result from the anabolic and catabolic imbalance in chondrocyte, subchondral bone and extracellular matrix(ECM). Etiology and pathological of OA are not yet entirely clear. The degradation and destruction of collagen II caused by matrix metalloproteinase -13 (MMP-13) is considered the core factor in the occurrence and development of OA. The research of MMP-13 inhibitor provide ideas and methods for the treatment of OA. In this article,the role and determination of MMP-13 in OA and the development prospect of MMP-13 inhibitor in the treatment of OA research progress were reviewed.
Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 ; analysis ; physiology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Osteoarthritis ; drug therapy ; etiology

Adult ; Aged ; Autoimmune Diseases ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged

Aconitum is important in clinical orthopedics. From ancient times to the present day,there were many famous doctors who used this herb to cure many diseases in orthopedics. However, the toxicity always connect with its effect. This will limit its application in clinics. So now the important thing is how to use this herb correctly. This article will give some suggestions about how to use aconitum in orthopedics and to make sure it can be used correctly in future. It has four parts: application in orthopedics, pharmacology, factors related to toxicity and the prospect of the use of aconitum.
Aconitum ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Orthopedics

Intervertebral disc degeneration is considered as a primary cause of clinical low back pain, however the molecular mechanism is not clear yet. Recently, researches on the molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration have become a hotspot. The special structure and biomechanics properties of the disc contribute to its propensity toward degeneration. Intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with the changes of the cytological behavior,including the increase in cell death and the degradation of extracellular matrix. However, the mechanism of cell death including cell apoptosis and autophagy in intervertebral disc degeneration remains unclear. Further study on the molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration is the foundation of improving and treating the intervertebral disc degeneration in the future. Although some progresses are made in the aspect of biological study, the biological environment of intervertebral disc itself is still a challenge for the development of biological treatment. This article is to review the latest advance on the biological characteristics of normal intervertebral disc and the cell death in the process of the intervertebral disc degeneration.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; cytology ; metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; metabolism ; physiopathology

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cell, which derived from mononuclear myeloid hematopoietic stem cells with the function of bone absorption. Osteoclasts plays a key role in bone metabolism, therefore the body is very strict to regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Mobilization and differentiation of osteoclast maturation is a complex and sophisticated multi-level regulatory processes. In the relevant regulatory mechanisms, OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays a pivotal role in the process of osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Recent studies revealed that immune cells and osteoclasts were closely connect with each other in the field of bone metabolism, also provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases. The apoptosis of osteoclasts in bone metabolism have been payed more attention,while its mechanism is still not clear, which need further research.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of arthroscopic excision of popliteal cysts through a combined anterior and posterior approach.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2012,20 patients with popliteal cysts were treated with arthroscopic excision. There were 14 males and 6 females, with an average age of 49.5 years old, ranging from 45 to 65 years old. The lump has been found for 4 to 18 months,with a mean time of 12 months. Their mean sagittal diameter was 4.5 cm (ranged from 3 to 7 cm). There were 12 popliteal cysts in the left and 8 popliteal cysts in the right. The main clinical manifestation included lump at popliteal fossa, swelling and pain at knee joint and some extent of dysfunction. All diagnoses were determined according to MRI, which clearly showed the communication of cyst and articular cavity. The cyst was removed under arthroscopy, through the posterior approach and then the intra-articular lesion was treated via the anterior approach. According to Rauschning and Lindgren classification, 2 patients were grade I, 6 patients were grade II, and 12 patients were grade III. The guidelines of Rauschning and Lindgren were used to evaluate the clinical effects.

RESULTSNo complications such as the injury of blood vessel and nerve, or incision infection occurred in all patients. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 8 to 24 months, with a mean time of 16 months. According to the criteria of Rauschning and Lindgren, there were 14 cases of grade 0, and 6 cases of grade I after operation, which was improved obviously compared with that pre-operation. No cyst reoccurred and the knee joint pain was relieved.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of popliteal cysts with arthroscopic excision through a combined anterior and posterior approach is effective to remove the cyst sac and treat intra-articular diseases simultaneously, resulting in the decrease recurrence rate of cyst.

Aged ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Popliteal Cyst ; surgery