Human history has never seen so many infectious diseases as in recent times and human being has to face this great challenge threaten public health.The increased global population,increased travel,human-induced global changes,poverty and the breakdown of public health measures,all of these factors make that novel infectious diseases can emerge in any part of the world at any time.In this article,we point out some shortages in diagnosis and screening the infectious diseases in the laboratory,emphasize the importance of surveillance,finally give some suggestions about how to improve the current ability to detect, prevent and treat the infectious diseases.

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Humans

OBJECTIVE： To discuss the application prospect of pharmacogenomics METHODS： To introduce the concept of pharmacogenomics and analyse its application at prospect RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSION： Pharmacogenomics is wide in the prospect of application and has a vast reservoir of economic potential， it will exert an influence on pharmacy in the 21st century

Objective To investigate the dosimetric characteristics of hippocampal?avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation ( HA?PCI ) in fixed?field intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT ) and volumetric modulated arc therapy ( VMAT) and the feasibility and risks of hippocampal avoidance. Methods Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was performed for 16 patients with localized small cell lung cancer ( SCLC) who were treated in our hospital from January to August, 2014, and achieved complete response ( CR) after chemoradiotherapy, with a prescribed dose of 25 Gy in 10 fractions. CT localization image was fused with brain MRI image to contour the hippocampus on the fused image, and the boundary of the hippocampus was extended 5 mm outward to form the area for reduced dose. IMRT and VMAT plans with hippocampal avoidance were developed separately, and the dose distribution in the whole brain, the hippocampus, and the 5?mm area outside the hippocampus was evaluated for these two plans. Independent?samples t test was applied to evaluate the difference between the two groups. Results The mean hippocampal volume in the 16 patients was 2. 76 cm3 ( range 2. 56 ?3. 01 cm3 ) . The mean radiation dose ( Dmean ) in the hippocampus during IMRT and VMAT was 9. 04± 0. 20 Gy and 10. 32± 0. 28 Gy, respectively, reduced by 66. 0% and 61. 2%, respectively, compared with the prescribed dose ( P=0. 55);Dmean in the area for reduced dose during IMRT and VMAT was 13. 57± 0. 90 Gy and 14. 86± 0. 60 Gy, respectively, reduced by 49. 0% and 44. 1%, respectively, compared with the prescribed dose (P=0. 88). Conclusions HA?PCI in IMRT and VMAT meets the clinical requirements, and can reduce the dose in the hippocampus while ensuring the whole?brain radiation dose, and therefore can be applied in PCI and provide a technical support to protect the patient’ s neurocognitive function.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of bladder. Methods The data of 20 cases of adenocarcinoma of bladder from 1986 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent operation and the diagnosis was proven by histopathologic examination. Results Eighteen cases were primary adenocarcinoma of bladder,8 cases applied to radical cystectomy and 10 cases partial cystectomy. Two cases were urachal adenocarcinoma,and received extended partial cystectomy.Seventeen patients were followed up for 3 months to 5 years. The one-year survival rate was 52.9% (9/17),two-year survival rate 41.2% (7/17),and five-year survival rate 29.4% (5/17). Conclusion Radical total cystectomy is the best choice for primary adenocarcinoma of bladder and extended partial cystectomy for urachal adenocarcinoma. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy after operation can improve the treatment effect.

Adolescent ; Contracture ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Osteopoikilosis ; complications ; genetics ; Pelvis

OBJECTIVETo explore the optimized rehabilitation program in the treatment of post-stroke hemiplegia at the recovery stage.

METHODSBased on the randomized controlled principle, 60 patients were randomized into an rehabilita tion + massage group (group A) and an rehabilitation + acupuncture group (group B), 30 cases in each one. Bobath sport therapy and functional training were adopted in the two groups. In the group A, the massage therapy was added. The rolling method and palm-rubbing method were used on the affected side, the pressing, kneading and plucking methods were applied to Jianliao (LI 15), Jianzhen (SI 9), Quchi (LI 11), Huantiao (GB 30), Weizhong (BL 40), Chengshan (BL 57), Zusanli (ST 36) and the other acu points; and the nipping method was adopted at the twelve Jing-well points. In the group B, acupuncture was applied to Baihui (BL 20), Jianliao (LI 15), Quchi (LI 11), Shousanli (LI 10), Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Jiexi (ST 41) and the other acupoints. The treatment was given once a day, 5 treatments a week in the two groups. The efficacy was evaluated in 3 weeks. Fugl-Meyer scale, Barthel index (BI) score, modified Rankin scale and stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) were used to assess the limb motor function, the activity of daily life (ADL), independent activity of life and the quality of life of the patients in the two groups before and after treatment. Based on the total cost and benefit, the health economics evaluation was conducted in the patients of the two groups.

RESULTSThe treatments all improved the limb motor function (group A: 26.00 (22) vs 37.00 (33); group B: 30.50 (21) vs 39.50 (36)), the independent activity of life, ADL (group A: 43.50 +/- 22.25 vs 57.50 +/- 22.25; group B: 52.83 +/- 16.59 vs 66.67 +/- 12.82) and the quality of life (group A: 122.23 +/- 30.00 vs 145.50 +/- 28.14; group B: 132.43 +/- 23.87 vs 151.47 +/- 22.37) in the patients of the two groups. The differences in all the indices were significant statistically before and after treatment in the two groups (all P<0.05). Above indices after treatment were not different obviously between the two groups (all P>0.05). In terms of health economics, the expense was decreased by RMB 688.48 while BI was increased by every 5 score in group A in comparison with the group B.

CONCLUSIONBoth the rehabilitation and massage therapy and the rehabilitation and acupuncture therapy improve the limb motor function and the quality of life in the patients of post-stroke hemiplegia. The therapeutic efficacies are similar between the two therapeutic programs. The program of rehabilitation and massage is more economical in the aspects of ADL improvement, being advantageous at simple operation and low cost.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 45 cases of BPH were treated by transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of prostate (PKRP) and were followed up for 3-10 months.Results The weight of the resected prostate was 28-105 g with an average of (47?16) g, the operation time was 15-120 min with an average of (50?12) min. No case needed blood transfusion during the operation and no transurethral resection syndrome occurred. The mean catheterization time was 4 d and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 7 d. Peak urine flow increased from (7.3?1.5) ml/s to (16.2?4. 4) ml/s and IPSS decreased from (27.6?1.3) to (5.8?1.0) in 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of prostate is effective and safe with less complications.

Objective To study the effects of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) selective inhibitor celecoxib on proliferation and apoptosis of human endometrial adenocarcinoma HEC-1B cell line. Methods Methabenzthiazuron(MTT) assay was used to examine the effects of different concentrations of celecoxib on proliferation of HEC-1B cells.When HEC-1B cells were treated with different concentrations of celecoxib for 24 h,cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of COX-2 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results MTT results indicated that celecoxib could inhibit HEC-1B cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner.When HEC-1B cells were treated with different concentrations of celecoxib for 24 h,flow cytometry results showed that the cell percent of(G_(0)/G_(1)) phase increased,S and G_(2)/M phase decreased,and cell apoptosis rate also increased,which was significantly different from that of the control group(P

Objective To investigate the application of the ultrasonic guidance-assisted neonatal internal jugular vein catheterization.Methods Sixty two newborns (including low birth weight infants) receving thoracic/abdominal operation or resection of malignant tumor on the body-surface were randomly assigned to ultrasound guidance (UG) group or surface mark landmark(S) group.Newborns in both groups were all punctured with 22G venous indwelling needles to place the external casing,followed by the steel wire guidance-assisted implantation of ARROW 4F dual chamber central venous catheter.Then we compared the rate of successful insertion attempt,rate of malpositioning,complications and average operation time between the two groups.Results The rate of successful insertion attempt was 96.8%(30/31) in the UG group,significantly higher than that in the S group (32.3%,10/31),there was significant difference between the two groups(χ2=28.182,P=0.000).Malpositioning happened in 2 cases in the UG group,but 25 cases in the S group.Rate of complications was higher in the S group compared to the UG group (64.5% vs 3.2%,χ2=25.99,P=0.000).Most importantly,the average operation time was (4.366±1.137)min in the UG group,significantly shorter than that of the S group [(13.70±5.34)min,t=5.463,P=0.028)].ConclusionUltrasound guidance-assisted catheterization for neonatal internal jugular vein is safe and feasible and can dramatically improve the success rate and prevent complications.