A quantitative method using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography was established to simultaneously determine ten ginsenoside active ingredients including ginsenoside Rg6, F4, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S) -Rg3, 20(R) -Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, 20(S)-Rh2 and 20(R)-Rh2 in steamed notoginseng. The ten ginsenosides of steamed notoginseng with different head numbers, parts, and steaming time were determined by this method. An Acquity BEH C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) was used to perform the determination, which was maintained at 35 degrees C throughout the analysis. Mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile with flow rate at 0.3 mL x min(-1) under gradient elution, and detection wavelength was set to 203 nm for monitoring the separation. The results demonstrate ginsenoside Rg6, F4, Rk3, Rh4, 20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (R) -Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, 20 (S)-Rh2 and 20(R) -Rh2 have shown good linearity (R2 > or = 0.999 8) within 0.46-115, 2.06-515, 1.632408, 3.216-804, 1.392-348, 1.4-350, 0.496-248, 3.012-1 506, 0.82-205 and 0.832-208 mg x L(-1), and their average recoveries were 97.00%, 97.96%, 98.86%, 95.27%, 98.67%, 98.02%, 95.53%, 96.63%, 99.57% and 103.6%, respectively. The proposed approach was quick and accurate and portrayed excellent repeatability and determination efficiency. The quality of steamed notoginseng was effectively controlled, which served as a foundation for establishing a normalized processing technique and quality standard for ensuring the reliability and consistency of its clinical efficacy.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Steam

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of entecavir in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Literature from Medline,Embase and CBM between January 2001 to December 2008 were reviewed.Acccording to the including and excwding criteria,four randomized controlled trials (RCT) were enrolled.The results of the trials were reviewed and analysed in software Revman 4.2.Results Patients in the entecavir group enjoyed significantly higher negative conversion ratios of HBV-DNA and ALT,and positive seroconversion of HBeAg:RR were 13.90(95% CI 6.39～30.24,P＜0.00001),2.49(95% CI 1.40～4.45,P=0.002),and 3.53 (95% CI 2.85～4.38,P＜0.000 01) respectively.There was a trend for the improvement of negative conversion ratio of HBeAg (RR=2.27,95% CI 1.00～5.15,P=0.05),but the incidence of side-effects of the drugs has no difference (RR=1.05,95% CI 0.97～1.14,P=0.21).Conclusions Compared with lamivudine or placebo,entecavir can significantly decrease HBV-DNA,improve liver function and positive seroconversion ratio of HBeAg without raising the incidence of drug side-effects.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristic of influenza in children in Guangzhou ,and provide the sci-entific basis for prevention .Methods A total of 20 throat swabs were collected from children with influenza-like illness(ILI) each week from 2014 to 2015 .A total of 2080 samples were obtained .The virus was isolated with MDCK cell line and virus type identi-fication were detected by real-time PCR .The relevant data was collected and analyzed epidemiologically .Results A total of 244 were detected positive in 2080 ILI cases in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2015 .The positive rate was 11 .7% .The positive rate of influ-enza virus reached peak in February and June in 2014 ,and the major type of influenza virus was new type H1N1 in February and H3N2 in June .The positive rate of influenza virus reached peak in March and June in 2015 ,and the major type of influenza virus were B type in March and H3N2 in June .Only one case of new H1N1 was detected in 2015 .The positive rate of influenza virus was 25 .6% in 3 to 6 years old ILI children which took larger part than other groups .Conclusion In Guangzhou ,the influenza virus epi-demic is more active in 2015 .The major type of influenza virus in the epidemic is seasonal type H 3N2 and B .Type A and type B appeared in the epidemic alternatively .The 3-6 year-old children are the high-risk group of influenza infection ,and should be monitored .

0.05).Conclusions Neither the new nor old SIRS diagnostic criteria had a high conforning rate with neonatal critical illnesses;There was no significant difference between them in each clinical item.It shows that the new SIRS diagnostic criteria is not superior to the old one,therefore we should improve the neonatal SIRS diagnostic criteria in the future.

Purpose To study the expression of HK2 in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and its effect on malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells.Methods HK2 expression in PCa tissues was determined by microarray database and immunohistochemical staining.Subsequently,the change of cellular phenotype was detected by glycometabolism kit,CCK-8 kit,and flow cytometry after HK2 knockdown.Results HK2 expression was elevated followed by prostate cancer development.HK2 depletion inhibited cellular proliferation and aerobic glycolysis,and increased the ratio of early apoptosis.Conclusion HK2 expression increases in the process of PCa malignant progression.It plays a critical role in cellular proliferation,glycometabolism,and apoptosis,the mechanism of which needs further exploration.

Objective To investigate the knowledge of chronic heart failure (CHF) and influencing factors in general practitioners (GP) in Beijing.Methods A self-designed questionnaire contained total 28 items,including basic knowledge of CHF,non-drug management,drug management and other management ; clinical cases were used to test clinical ability in 7 items.The questionnaire survey was conducted among GPs who participated in continuing education courses from 16 counties/districts in Beijing during January to June 2013.Results Total 720 questionnaires were distributed and 657 valid questionnaires were returned with a recovery rate of 91.3％.Total scores was 60.6.Scores of basic knowledge,non-drug management,drug management and other management was 63.1,76.9,44.0 and 56.9,respectively.There were statistical differences in scores of basic knowledge,non-drug management,drug management and other management between GPs with different diploma (F value:36.8,5.8,21.6,12.2,respectively; P ＜0.01) ; there were significant differences in scores of basic knowledge and drug management among GPs with different working years (F value:15.1 and 17.4,respectively ; P ＜ 0.01) ; there was significant difference in scores of drug management among GPs with different professional title (F =7.69,P ＜ 0.01).Only for GPs with junior college diploma,the scores of basic knowledge and drug management in GPs with working ≥20 y were higher than those working ＜ 20 y(P ＜ 0.01).The accuracy of clinical ability in GPs with junior college diploma,undergraduate diploma and post-undergraduate diploma was 39.6％,41.6％,41.8％ (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The knowledge of CHF is less desirable in GPs of Beijing,so that measures should be taken to improve the GP's knowledge of CHF.

BACKGROUND:Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but it is uncertain that TMP inhibit the growth and proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by VEGF.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of TMP on the proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by VEGF.DESIGN:Repetitive measurement and observation.SETTING:School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Molecular Biology Laboratory Center, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology from March to June in 2007. Human leukemic cell line HL-60 cells were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology. TMP hydrochloride injection was produced by Wuxi Seventh Pharmaceutical Products Limited (Lot number:011014), protamine sulfate injection was produced by Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceuticals (Batch number:010302), and immunohistochemistry kit was purchased from Boster company.METHODS:①Human leukemic cell line HL-60 cells at log phase were used for the experiments. Cells were treated with 100 μg/L VEGF, and then TMP at final concentrations of 1.5, 15, 150 mg/L was added into culture medium. While the cells in medium without TMP were taken as blank control group, and the cells in medium with 20 mg/L protamine as positive control group. Meanwhile cells without treatment of VEGF were served as VEGF control group. After cells were incubated for 48 hours, the growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells was detected by MTT assay.②After HL-60 cells were treated with TMP at the final concentrations of 1.5, 15, 150 mg/L for 24 hours, the protein expression of VEGF in HL-60 cells was examined by SP immunohistochemistry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells.②Protein expression of VEGF.RESULTS:①Growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells:After HL-60 cells induced by VEGF were treated with 15 and 150 mg/L TMP, the absorbance value was significantly lower than that in VEGF control group (P < 0.05).②Protein expression of VEGF:After HL-60 cells were treated with TMP for 24 hours, the protein expression of VEGF was down-regulated with increasing TMP concentration in a dependent manner. Significant differences were observed in the protein expression of VEGF between cells treated by TMP and the controls (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:shRNA, by targeting hTERT mRNA, has no noticeable influence on growth and proliferation of hMSCs, and might be safe for the somatic cells which are normal but do not express hTERT.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic System ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Asbestos ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; classification ; Carcinogens ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure