The chromatographic fingerprint was established by eluting with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid water on an Agilent TC-C18 (2) column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). Six chromatographic peaks were identified by HPLC-MS/MS method. Ten batches of Glycyrrhizea Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle were determined, and the similarity was arranged from 0.72 to 0.99. Good precision, stability and repeatability were obtained, and this study provides a reference for the quality control of Glycyrrhizea Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

In order to explore reasonable artificial cultivation pattern of Thesium chinense, the biological characteristics and nutrients change in the process of winter dormancy of T. chinense was studied. The phenological period of T. chinense was observed by using fixed-point notation and the starch grains changes were determined dynamically by PAS-vanadium iron hematoxylin staixjing method. Soluble sugar and starch content were measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid method and amylase activity was determined by DN'S method. The results showed that the normal life cycle of T. chinense was two years. T. chinense was growing by seed in the first year, but growing by the root neck bud in the second year. During the process of dormancy, starch and soluble sugar could mutual transformation in different periods. T. chinense had sufficient carbohydrate to maintain growth and also a lot of small molecules to improve their ability to fight against adversity.
Plant Dormancy ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Santalaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seasons ; Starch ; analysis ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatments of endometrioid carcinoma patients with preoperative diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia.Methods From 2005 to 2010, 404 patients were diagnosed with endometrioid carcinoma after hysterectomy.Among these patients,44 of them were diagnosed atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH) preoperatively.Retrospectively analysis the characteristics of these patients with SPSS13.0.Results Among the 44 cases, all of them were grade G1 disease, and 39 of them received comprehensive staging surgery.14(32%)young cases preserved bilateral ovaries.9 cases(20%) were given adjuvant radiology.No recurrence was detected during the median follow up of 52 months.Compared to the premenstrual group, although no statistical difference was detected, more patients with risk factors of deep myometrium invasion(4/22 vs 1/22) and lymph-vascular space invasion(LVSI, 3/22 vs 0/22) in the postmenstrual group.Compared to the patients who diagnosed with endometrioid cancer(EC) preoperatively, there are more patients with grade G1(P=0.000), fewer patients received adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.003) and fewer recurrence(P=0.019) in AEH group.Conclusions The endomtrioid cancer patients who diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia preoperatively have better prognosis.Hysterectomy with bilateral ovaries preserved is acceptable in young patients.Post menopause patients have more risk factors of deep myometrium invasion and LVSI.

Objective To assess the clinical application of contrast-enhanced MR angiography using three-dimensional(3D)time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics(CE-MRA 3D-TRICKS).Methods TRICKS is a high temporal resolution(2—6s)MR angiographic technique using a short TR(2.8— 4.0 ms)and TE(0.9—1.3 ms),partial echo sampling and the central part of the k-space being updated more frequently than the peripheral part of the k-space.Pre-contrast mask 3D images are first acquired and 15--20 sequential 3D images following bolus injection of Gd-DTPA are then acquired.Results Thirty patients underwent contrast-enhanced MR angiography using TRICKS.Twelve vertebral arteries were well displayed on TRICKS.Seven of them showed normal,bilateral vertebral artery stenosis was shown in 1 case, and unilateral vertebral artery stenosis was shown in 4 wth aecompaning ipsilateral carotid artery bifurcation stenosis in one case.Bilateral renal artery showed normal in 4 cases,and the artery in transplanted kidney showed normal in one case and stenosis in another case.The cerebral artery showed normal in 2 cases, sagittal sinus thrombosis was detected in one case and intracranial arteriovenous malformation in one case. Pulmonary artery displayed normal in 3 cases,pulmonary artery thrombosis was seen in one case and pulmonary sequestration's abnormal feeding artery and draining vein was revealed in one case.The feeding artery in left lower limb fibrolipoma was showed in one case.The radial-ulnar artery artificial fistula stenosis was seen in one case,and left antebrachium hemangioma was showed in one case.Conclusion TRICKS can clearly delineate the whole body vascular system and can reveal any vascular abnormality.It is convenient and with high successful rate,which make it the first method of choice in displaying vascular abnormality.

OBJECTIVETo determine the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in different solvents and its n-octanol/water partition coefficients.

METHODCombining shaking flask method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the n-octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in six organic solvents and different pH buffer solution were determined by HPLC analysis.

RESULTn-Octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D in different pH were greater than zero, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was increased with increase the pH of the buffer solution. The maximum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 255.89 g x L(-1) in methanol, and minimum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 0.20 g x L(-1) in acetonitrile.

CONCLUSIONUnder gastrointestinal physiological conditions, pulchinenosiden D exists in molecular state and it has good absorption but poor water-solubility, so increasing the dissolution rate of pulchinenosiden D may enhance its bioavailability.

1-Octanol ; chemistry ; Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kinetics ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Pulsatilla ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

To study on the effects of Achyranthes bidentata on Tongsaimai pellets main active ingredients chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and glycyrrhizin in rats in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors, a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and liquiritigenin in rat plasma was established by UPLC-MS/MS. The analysis was performed on a waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid/water as mobile phase, and the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. It turned out that the analytes of Tongsaimai pellets groups C(max) and AUC(Q-infinity) values were higher than that with A. bidentata group, and the C(max) values of chlorogenic acid had significantly difference (P < 0.05), the AUC(0-infinity) values of chlorogenic acid and glycyrrhizin had significantly difference (P < 0.05); The T(max) and CL values of two groups had no significantly difference. Results showed that the established method was specific, rapid, accurate and sensitive for the studies of Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic, and A. bidentata have varying degrees of effects on Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors.
Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chalcone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chlorogenic Acid ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Male ; Pyrans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective The aim of this study was to introduce the multi-slate Markov model for the prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and to find out the related factors for AD prevention and early intervention among the elderly.Methods MCI,moderate to severe cognitive impairment,and AD were defined as state 1,2 and 3,respectively.A three-state homogeneous model with discrete states and discrete times from data on six follow-up visits was constructed to explore factors for various progressive stages from MCI to AD.Transition probability and survival curve were made after the model fit assessment.Results At the level of 0.05,data from the multivariate analysis showed that gender (HR=I.23,95％CI:1.12-1.38),age (HR=I.37,95％ CI:1.07-1.72),hypertension (HR=l.54,95％ CI:1.31-2.19) were statistically significant for the transition from state 1 to state 2,while age (HR=0.78,95％ CI:0.69-0.98),education level (HR=1.35,95％ CI:1.09-1.86) and reading (HR=1.20,95％ CI:1.01-1.41 ) were statistically significant for transition from state 2 to state 1,and gender (HR=1.59,95％ CI:1.33-1.89),age (HR=1.33,95％ CI:1.02-1.64),hypertension (HR=l.22,95％ CI:1.11-1.43),diabetes (HR=1.52,95％CI:1.12-2.00),ApoEε4 (HR=1.44,95％CI:1.09-1.68) were statistically significant for transition from state 2 to state 3.Based on the fired model,the three-year transition probabilities during each state at average covariate level were estimated.Conclusion To delay the disease progression of MCI,phase by phase prevention measures could be adopted based on the main factors of each stage.Multi-state Markov model could imitate the natural history of disease and showed great advantage in dynamically evaluating the development of chronic diseases with multi-states and multi-faetors.

Objective To understand the current situation of knowledge on healthy life style among researchers.Data on the knowledge of healthy life style including healthy behavior,general status on health,physical activity and the use of sports facilities were gathered.In 2006,same questionnaire was used to compare with the previous data.Results The percentage of overall knowledge on health among permanent percentage of people who were aware of knowledge on"no-smoking"."intake less salt","maintaining healthy diet program"and"insisting on exercise"were 72.97%,93.11%,86.58% and 87.25% respectively in 2006,higher than 67.38%,89.74%,82.12% and 82.78% during the baseline(P＜0.01)study in the previous years.The percentage of correct answer about the healthy life style as diet and prevention of common diseases was higher among the permanent residents than those of temporary residents in 2006(P＜0.05).The sources of health-related knowledge were mainly from media,newspapers and through health education programs carried out in the community.Conclusion The Beijing municipal government and the community residential committees attached great importance to providing knowledge on

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).However,the association between CKD and CVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China has not yet been well investigated.This study aimed to determine the association of CKD with the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in a Chinese population with T2DM.Methods:A total of 1401 inpatients with T2DM at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between April 2008 and November 2013 were included in this study.The CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation for Asians was used to classify CKD.The UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine was used to estimate the risks of CHD and stroke.Results:CHD risk was significantly increased with CKD stage (20.1％,24.8％,and 34.3％ in T2DM patients with no CKD,CKD Stage 1-2,and Stage 3-5,respectively;P ＜ 0.001 for all).The stroke risk was also increased with CKD stage (8.6％,12.7％,and 25.4％ in T2DM patients with no CKD,CKD Stage 1-2,and Stage 3-5,respectively;P ＜ 0.001 for all).Compared with no-CKD group,the odds ratios (ORs) for high CHD risk were 1.7 (P ＜ 0.001) in the CKD Stage 1-2 group and 3.5 (P ＜ 0.001) in the CKD Stage 3-5 group.The corresponding ORs for high stroke risk were 1.9 (P ＜ 0.001) and 8.2 (P ＜ 0.001),respectively.Conclusion:In patients with T2DM,advanced CKD stage was associated with the increased risks of CHD and stroke.

To separate and identify chemical signals which induce Thesium chinense haustorium formation, the components of T. chinense roots secretion collected with XAD-4 resin were detected by GC-MS. The effect of DMBQ as exogenous signals to induce haustorium formation in T. chinense was studied. Fifty-three compounds of 9 types had been detected, including hydrocarbons, esters, organic acids, ketones, alcohols, nitrogen containing compounds, phenolic acids, aldehyde and quinine. It is worth noting that the 2, 5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone has the core structure of 1,4-benzoquinone, which may play an important role in the parasitic relationship of Prunella vulgaris and T. chinense: DMBQ worked effectively on inducing haustoria, but induction effects vary widely in different concentrations. DMBQ with the concentration of 1 μmol x L(-1) showed the best effect of the inducing ability with a ratio of 110.52 when treated to induce haustoria.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; physiology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; physiology ; Prunella ; chemistry ; physiology